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Genus
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Meigen
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<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FE9A206CDB45FEEA" box="[264,331,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FEC4206CD827FEEA" author="Meigen" box="[342,553,359,382]" page="223" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1820">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FEC4206CDBFFFEEA" author="Meigen" box="[342,497,359,382]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1820) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Zweiter Theil. F. W. Forstmann, Aachen, xxxvi + 363 pp." type="book" year="1820">Meigen, 1820</bibRefCitation>
: 223
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<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FDA5206CD8DAFEEA" author="Rondani" box="[567,724,359,382]" pageId="4" pageNumber="70" refString="Rondani, C. (1856) Dipterologiae Italicae prodromus. Vol: I. Genera Italica ordinis Dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. A. Stoschi, Parmae [= Parma], 226 + [2] pp." type="journal article" year="1856">Rondani 1856</bibRefCitation>
: 165
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<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FC89206CD9C7FEEA" author="Coquillett" box="[795,969,359,382]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Coquillett, D. W. (1910) The type species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499 - 647." type="journal article" year="1910">Coquillett 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 546
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FB9D206CDEA6FEEA" author="Cresson" box="[1039,1192,359,382]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1919) Dipterological notes and descriptions. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 71, 171 - 194." type="journal article" year="1919">Cresson 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 183
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.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FB7C206CDBA8FE0A" author="Bezzi" page="112" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FB7C206CDB7FFE0A" author="Bezzi" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Bezzi, M. (1924) The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, 390 pp." type="book" year="1924">Bezzi 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 112
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.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FE20208CD87AFE0A" author="Painter" box="[434,628,391,414]" page="139" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE20208CD830FE0A" author="Painter" box="[434,574,391,414]" pageId="4" pageNumber="70" refString="Painter, R. H. (1932) A monographic study of the genus Geron as it occurs in the United states (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 139 - 167." type="journal article" year="1932">Painter 1932</bibRefCitation>
: 139
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.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FDED208CD938FE0A" author="Hesse" box="[639,822,391,414]" page="873" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FDED208CD90EFE0A" author="Hesse" box="[639,768,391,414]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Hesse, A. J. (1938) A revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of southern Africa. [I.] Annals of the South African Museum, 34, 1 - 1053." type="journal article" year="1938">Hesse 1938</bibRefCitation>
: 873
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.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FCD0208CDE7BFE0A" author="Cole" box="[834,1141,391,414]" page="234" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1969">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FCD0208CDE31FE0A" author="Cole" box="[834,1087,391,414]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Cole, F. R. &amp; Schlinger, E. I. (1969) The flies of western North America. University of California Press, Berkeley, 693 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cole &amp; Schlinger 1969</bibRefCitation>
: 234
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.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FB12208CDF28FE0A" author="Hull" box="[1152,1318,391,414]" page="203" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FB12208CDEFEFE0A" author="Hull" box="[1152,1264,391,414]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Hull, F. M. (1973) Bee flies of the world. The genera of the family Bombyliidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 286, 1 - 687." type="journal article" year="1973">Hull 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 203
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.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FEAA20ACDBF0FE2A" author="Bowden" box="[312,510,423,446]" page="87" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FEAA20ACDBDDFE2A" author="Bowden" box="[312,467,423,446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Bowden, J. (1974) Studies in African Bombyliidae. VIII. On the Geroninae. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 37, 87 - 108." type="journal article" year="1974">Bowden 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 87
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.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FD9820ACD8D7FE2A" author="Evenhuis" box="[522,729,423,446]" page="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FD9820ACD8A1FE2A" author="Evenhuis" box="[522,687,423,446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (1979) Studies in Pacific Bombyliidae (Diptera). II. Revision of the genus Geron of Australia and the Pacific. Pacific Insects, 21, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1979">Evenhuis 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 13
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.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FD7420ACDE7BFE2A" author="Scarbrough" box="[742,1141,423,446]" page="1240" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FD7420ACDE3EFE2A" author="Scarbrough" box="[742,1072,423,446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="70" refString="Scarbrough, A. G. &amp; D. A. Davidson (1985) Review of the Caribbean Geron Meigen (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 93 (4), 1240 - 1260." type="journal article" year="1985">Scarbrough &amp; Davidson 1985</bibRefCitation>
: 1240
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FB1320ACDB58FE4A" author="Evenhuis" page="42" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FB1320ACDF28FE2A" author="Evenhuis" box="[1153,1318,423,446]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (1991) World catalog of genus-group names of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology, 5, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1991">Evenhuis 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 42
</treatmentCitation>
. Evenhuis 1994: 332.
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FDCB20CCD9C4FE4A" author="Evenhuis" box="[601,970,455,478]" page="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FDCB20CCD993FE4A" author="Evenhuis" box="[601,925,455,478]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. &amp; Greathead, D. J. (1999) Catalog of the bee flies of the world (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, xlviii + 756 pp." type="book" year="1999">Evenhuis &amp; Greathead 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 36
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.
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FC4820CCDE01FE4A" box="[986,1039,455,478]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FBEE20CCDF25FE4A" box="[1148,1323,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron gibbosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FEAA20ECDBC8FE6A" author="Meigen" box="[312,454,487,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1820) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Zweiter Theil. F. W. Forstmann, Aachen, xxxvi + 363 pp." type="book" year="1820">Meigen 1820</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FE7D20ECD96FFE6A" ID-CoL="8B89Q" authority="Olivier, 1789" authorityName="Olivier" authorityYear="1789" box="[495,865,487,510]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Bombylius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FE7D20ECD8C8FE6A" box="[495,710,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bombylius gibbosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FD5C20ECD96FFE6A" author="Olivier" box="[718,865,487,510]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Insectes [part], In: Encyclopedie methodique ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savans et d'artistes; precedee d'un Vocabulaire universel, servant de table pour tout l'ouvrage, ornee des portraits de MM. Diderot &amp; d'Alembert, premiers editeurs de l'Encyclopedie. Histoire naturelle. Tome quatrieme. Panckoucke, Paris &amp; Plomteux, Liege, pp. 45 - 331." type="book chapter" year="1789">Olivier, 1789</bibRefCitation>
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], by subsequent designation of Duponchel
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FEAA230CDB43FD8A" box="[312,333,519,542]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">in</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="F2305130FFD3FFD0FEC6230CD833FD8A" author="d'Orbigny" box="[340,573,519,542]" page="206" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1845">
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FEC6230CD809FD8A" author="d'Orbigny" box="[340,519,519,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" refString="d'Orbigny, C. V. D. (1845) Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle resumant et completant tous les faits presentes par les encyclopedies les anciens dictionnaires scientifiques les oeuvres completes de Buffon, et les meilleurs traites speciaux sur les diverses branches des sciences naturelles; donnant la description des etres et des divers phenomenes de la nature l'etymologie et la definition des noms scientifiques, les principales applications des corps organiques et inorganiques, a l'agriculture, a la medecine, aux arts industriels, etc.; dirige par M. Charles d'Orbigny, et enrichi d'un magnifique atlas de 288 planches gravees sur acier. Tome sixieme. [Livraison 65.] C. Renard, Paris." type="journal article" year="1845">d’Orbigny, 1845</bibRefCitation>
: 206
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.
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The proper name to apply to the
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FD052344D8C7FDFD" box="[663,713,591,617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
species has led to nomenclatural confusion. Three different species have been listed as
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FD42237CD900FD05" box="[720,782,631,657]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
of the genus, viz.,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FB95237CDF25FD05" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[1031,1323,631,657]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FB95237CDECAFD04" box="[1031,1220,631,656]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron gibbosus</emphasis>
Meigen
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(
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE822394DBB0FD2D" author="Rondani" box="[272,446,671,697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="70" refString="Rondani, C. (1856) Dipterologiae Italicae prodromus. Vol: I. Genera Italica ordinis Dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. A. Stoschi, Parmae [= Parma], 226 + [2] pp." type="journal article" year="1856">Rondani 1856</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE5C2394D8E4FD2D" author="Painter" box="[462,746,671,697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="70" refString="Painter, R. H. &amp; Painter, E. M. (1965) Family Bombyliidae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C. W, Wirth, W. W., Foote, R. H. &amp; Coulson, J. R .. (eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook, 276, pp. 406 - 46." type="journal article" year="1965">Painter &amp; Painter 1965</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FD6B2394D9A1FD2D" author="Evenhuis" box="[761,943,671,697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (1989) Family Bombyliidae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. E. J. Brill, Leiden &amp; Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, pp. 359 - 374." type="book chapter" year="1989">Evenhuis 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FC2D2394DE6EFD2D" author="Zaitzev" box="[959,1120,671,697]" pageId="4" pageNumber="72" refString="Zaitzev, V. F. (1989) Family Bombyliidae, pp. 43 - 169. In: A. Soos &amp; L. Papp, eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 6. Therevidae-Empididae. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 435 pp." type="book chapter" year="1989">Zaitzev 1989</bibRefCitation>
; Evenhuis 1994;
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE9A23CCD857FD75" author="Evenhuis" box="[264,601,711,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. &amp; Greathead, D. J. (1999) Catalog of the bee flies of the world (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, xlviii + 756 pp." type="book" year="1999">Evenhuis &amp; Greathead 1999</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FDFD23CCD9F8FD75" authority="Oliver, 1789" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1789" box="[623,1014,711,737]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Bombylius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FDFD23CCD954FD74" box="[623,858,711,736]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bombylius gibbosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FCF023CCD9F8FD75" author="Oliver" box="[866,1014,711,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Insectes [part], In: Encyclopedie methodique ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savans et d'artistes; precedee d'un Vocabulaire universel, servant de table pour tout l'ouvrage, ornee des portraits de MM. Diderot &amp; d'Alembert, premiers editeurs de l'Encyclopedie. Histoire naturelle. Tome quatrieme. Panckoucke, Paris &amp; Plomteux, Liege, pp. 45 - 331." type="book chapter" year="1789">Oliver, 1789</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FB9723CCDEAEFD75" author="Painter" box="[1029,1184,711,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="70" refString="Painter, R. H. (1932) A monographic study of the genus Geron as it occurs in the United states (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 139 - 167." type="journal article" year="1932">Painter 1932</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FB3E23CCDF28FD75" author="Hull" box="[1196,1318,711,737]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Hull, F. M. (1973) Bee flies of the world. The genera of the family Bombyliidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 286, 1 - 687." type="journal article" year="1973">Hull 1973</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE9A23E4DBA1FC9D" author="Bowden" box="[264,431,751,777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Bowden, J. (1974) Studies in African Bombyliidae. VIII. On the Geroninae. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 37, 87 - 108." type="journal article" year="1974">Bowden 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE2E23E4D861FC9D" author="Evenhuis" box="[444,623,751,777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (1979) Studies in Pacific Bombyliidae (Diptera). II. Revision of the genus Geron of Australia and the Pacific. Pacific Insects, 21, 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1979">Evenhuis 1979</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FD2523E4DE43FC9D" authority="Meigen, 1804" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[695,1101,751,777]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Bombylius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FD2523E4D9ACFC9C" box="[695,930,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bombylius hybridus</emphasis>
Meigen, 1804
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FBCF23E4DEE9FC9D" author="Bezzi" box="[1117,1255,751,777]" pageId="4" pageNumber="66" refString="Bezzi, M. (1924) The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, 390 pp." type="book" year="1924">Bezzi 1924</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FB6623E4DBD1FCA5" author="Cole" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Cole, F. R. &amp; Schlinger, E. I. (1969) The flies of western North America. University of California Press, Berkeley, 693 pp." type="book" year="1969">Cole &amp; Schlinger 1969</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE61221CD8ADFCA5" author="Meigen" box="[499,675,791,817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1820) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Zweiter Theil. F. W. Forstmann, Aachen, xxxvi + 363 pp." type="book" year="1820">Meigen (1820)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FCB6221CD960FCA4" box="[804,878,791,816]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FCB6221CD960FCA4" box="[804,878,791,816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with two included species (
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FB2B221CDB9FFCCD" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Bombylius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FB2B221CDB23FCCC" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. gibbosus</emphasis>
Meigen
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FE5D2234D8C4FCCD" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[463,714,831,857]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halteralis">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FE5D2234D86BFCCC" box="[463,613,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. halteralis</emphasis>
Meigen
</taxonomicName>
) without designating a
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FC752234DE14FCCD" box="[999,1050,831,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
species. Duponchel
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FA862234DF24FCCC" box="[1300,1322,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE9A226CDBD8FC15" author="d'Orbigny" box="[264,470,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" refString="d'Orbigny, C. V. D. (1845) Dictionnaire universel d'histoire naturelle resumant et completant tous les faits presentes par les encyclopedies les anciens dictionnaires scientifiques les oeuvres completes de Buffon, et les meilleurs traites speciaux sur les diverses branches des sciences naturelles; donnant la description des etres et des divers phenomenes de la nature l'etymologie et la definition des noms scientifiques, les principales applications des corps organiques et inorganiques, a l'agriculture, a la medecine, aux arts industriels, etc.; dirige par M. Charles d'Orbigny, et enrichi d'un magnifique atlas de 288 planches gravees sur acier. Tome sixieme. [Livraison 65.] C. Renard, Paris." type="journal article" year="1845">d’Orbigny (1845</bibRefCitation>
: 206) designated
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FD3E226CD9C2FC15" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[684,972,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FD3E226CD966FC14" box="[684,872,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron gibbosus</emphasis>
Meigen
</taxonomicName>
as the
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FBBB226CDE55FC15" box="[1065,1115,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
species. It is the first valid subsequent designation and was followed by
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FC0D2284DE55FC3D" author="Evenhuis" box="[927,1115,911,937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (1989) Family Bombyliidae. In: Evenhuis, N. L. (ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. E. J. Brill, Leiden &amp; Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, pp. 359 - 374." type="book chapter" year="1989">Evenhuis (1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FBFB2284DEA8FC3D" author="Evenhuis" box="[1129,1190,911,937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="67" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (1991) World catalog of genus-group names of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology, 5, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
, 1994) and
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE9A22BCD864FC45" author="Evenhuis" box="[264,618,951,977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. &amp; Greathead, D. J. (1999) Catalog of the bee flies of the world (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, xlviii + 756 pp." type="book" year="1999">Evenhuis &amp; Greathead (1999)</bibRefCitation>
, but most workers subsequent to d’Orbigny missed this designation. The confusion over the correct
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FD7F22D4D92EFC6D" box="[749,800,991,1017]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
species by subsequent workers arises in the following way:
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FE50250CD875FBB4" box="[450,635,1031,1056]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FE50250CD875FBB4" box="[450,635,1031,1056]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron gibbosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FD30250CD95FFBB5" author="Meigen" box="[674,849,1031,1057]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1820) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten. Zweiter Theil. F. W. Forstmann, Aachen, xxxvi + 363 pp." type="book" year="1820">Meigen (1820)</bibRefCitation>
was an unjustified replacement of name for
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FEA02524D8C4FBDD" authority="Meigen, 1804" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[306,714,1071,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Bombylius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FEA02524D812FBDC" box="[306,540,1071,1096]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bombylius hybridus</emphasis>
Meigen, 1804
</taxonomicName>
. Earlier,
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FCA12524D9D5FBDD" author="Olivier" box="[819,987,1071,1097]" pageId="4" pageNumber="69" refString="Olivier, G. A. (1789) Insectes [part], In: Encyclopedie methodique ou par ordre de matieres; par une societe de gens de lettres, de savans et d'artistes; precedee d'un Vocabulaire universel, servant de table pour tout l'ouvrage, ornee des portraits de MM. Diderot &amp; d'Alembert, premiers editeurs de l'Encyclopedie. Histoire naturelle. Tome quatrieme. Panckoucke, Paris &amp; Plomteux, Liege, pp. 45 - 331." type="book chapter" year="1789">Olivier (1789)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FBC92524DB23FBE4" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Bombylius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FBC92524DB23FBE4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Bombylius gibbosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has been shown to belong to
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FD63255CD9FDFBE5" authority="Painter 1932" authorityName="Painter" authorityYear="1932" box="[753,1011,1111,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FD63255CD935FBE4" box="[753,827,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FCDE255CD9E4FBE5" author="Painter" box="[844,1002,1111,1137]" pageId="4" pageNumber="70" refString="Painter, R. H. (1932) A monographic study of the genus Geron as it occurs in the United states (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 139 - 167." type="journal article" year="1932">Painter 1932</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Several authors therefore concluded that
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FE292574D873FB0D" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[443,637,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Bombylius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FE292574D82DFB0C" box="[443,547,1151,1176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gibbosus</emphasis>
Olivier
</taxonomicName>
is the oldest available name and should constitute the
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FB6B2574DF22FB0D" box="[1273,1324,1151,1177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
species. With the inclusion of
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FDFE25ACD921FB55" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" box="[620,815,1191,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Bombylius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FDFE25ACD8DAFB54" box="[620,724,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gibbosus</emphasis>
Olivier
</taxonomicName>
in
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FCC425ACDE66FB54" box="[854,1128,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FCC425ACD9ADFB54" box="[854,931,1191,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Geron</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FC3C25ACDE66FB54" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[942,1128,1191,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">Geron gibbosus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Meigen became a junior homonym. Meigen’s
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FDE925C4D8A3FB7D" box="[635,685,1231,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FD7225C4D946FB7C" box="[736,840,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FD7225C4D946FB7C" box="[736,840,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gibbosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FCEF25C4DE43FB7D" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[893,1101,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Bombylius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybridus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FCEF25C4D9EAFB7C" box="[893,996,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">hybridus</emphasis>
Meigen
</taxonomicName>
] is located in the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, and has been examined by the junior author. Olivier’s
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FEEA2414DBA5FAAD" box="[376,427,1311,1337]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FE472414D833FAAC" box="[469,573,1311,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FE472414D833FAAC" box="[469,573,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gibbosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is apparently lost. The original descriptions of all of the above species are short, vague, and will fit any number of species. Greathead (1999) clarified the species limits of the taxa within the
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FD572464D98FFA1C" box="[709,897,1391,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FD572464D98FFA1C" box="[709,897,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron gibbosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FC522464DE8AFA1C" box="[960,1156,1391,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halteralis">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FC522464DE8AFA1C" box="[960,1156,1391,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron halteralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species complexes through genitalic studies of
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFD3FFD0FD33249DD8D1FA24" box="[673,735,1430,1456]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
and topotypic material. Through this study, it was concluded that many authors had misidentified
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FCA924B4DE6DFA4C" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[827,1123,1470,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olivierii">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FCA924B4D9E4FA4C" box="[827,1002,1471,1496]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron olivierii</emphasis>
Macquart
</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD3FFD0FB1E24B4DB95F994" authority="Olivier" authorityName="Olivier" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FB1E24B4DB23F994" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Geron gibbosus</emphasis>
(Olivier)
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FE7724EDD87EF994" author="Hesse" box="[485,624,1510,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refString="Hesse, A. J. (1938) A revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of southern Africa. [I.] Annals of the South African Museum, 34, 1 - 1053." type="journal article" year="1938">Hesse 1938</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD3FFD0FDEE24EDD914F994" author="Zaitzev" box="[636,794,1510,1536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="71" refString="Zaitzev, V. F. (1966) [Parasitic flies of the family Bombyliidae (Diptera) in the fauna of Transcaucasia]. Nauka, Moscow &amp; Leningrad, 375 pp. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1966">Zaitzev 1966</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFD3FFDDFEAA2705D964FBBA" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFD3FFD0FEAA2705DE88F964" blockId="4.[264,1324,591,1896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FEAA2705DBC7F9BC" bold="true" box="[312,457,1550,1576]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FE452704D818F9BC" box="[471,534,1551,1576]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Head</emphasis>
. Male eyes holoptic; female eyes dichoptic; front in male small, triangular, with shining white or silver­white scales, hair normally wanting; antenna black, scape cylindrical, one and one­half to three times the length of pedicel; pedicel about as wide as long; first flagellomere narrow, elongate, tapering from broadened base to acuminate apex; style minute, apical; proboscis narrow, elongate, extending beyond oral margin one and one­half to two times the head height; palpus short, one­segmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFD3FFD1FEAA27F4DB7CFECA" blockId="4.[264,1324,591,1896]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1323,284,350]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD3FFD0FEAA27F4DB82F88C" box="[312,396,1791,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thorax</emphasis>
. Mesonotum convex giving a hump­backed appearance to the habitus in profile; scutellum without bristles. Legs thin, tibiae and tarsi with small setae; fore tibial bristles usually minute; females with or without specialized palynophilic setae on fore tarsi (
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFD2FFD1FE832017DB69FEA2" box="[273,359,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 29. a" captionStartId="10.[264,368,1488,1512]" captionTargetBox="[363,1227,320,1468]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[363,1227,320,1468]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 29. a, fore tarsi of bombyliid showing modified erect palynophilic setae used to collect pollen while feeding; b, detail of erect palynophilic setae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168714/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFD2FFD1FEEC2017D830FEA2" author="Neff" box="[382,574,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="69" refString="Neff, J. L., Simpson, B. B., Evenhuis, N. L. &amp; Dieringer, G. (2003) Character analysis of adaptations for tarsal pollen collection in the Bombyliidae (Insecta: Diptera): the benefits of putting your foot in your mouth. Zootaxa, 157, 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2003">Neff et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
); legs with white hair and scales; pulvilli present, about as long as claws.
</paragraph>
<caption id="27EE27A9FFD2FFD1FE9A27FAD871F8DD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156843/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[385,1208,437,1761]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFD2FFD1FE9A27FAD871F8DD" blockId="5.[264,1323,1777,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FE9A27FADBA2F89D" bold="true" box="[264,428,1777,1801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 1–6</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD2FFD1FE2927F9DBF0F89D" box="[443,510,1778,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FE2927F9DBF0F89D" box="[443,510,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vaginal furcae.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FD3827FAD8B9F89D" bold="true" box="[682,695,1777,1801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD2FFD1FD5727F9D9BDF89D" authority="Loew." authorityName="Loew." box="[709,947,1778,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albidipennis">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FD5727F9D964F89D" box="[709,874,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. albidipennis</emphasis>
Loew.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FC2B27FAD9C8F89D" bold="true" box="[953,966,1777,1801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD2FFD1FC4627F9DF29F89D" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[980,1319,1778,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipilosus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FC4627F9DE64F89D" box="[980,1130,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. albipilosus</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD2FFD1FE9A2619DB54F8BD" box="[264,346,1810,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FEF2261ADB7BF8BD" bold="true" box="[352,373,1809,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD2FFD1FEE92619D856F8BD" authority="Painter." authorityName="Painter." box="[379,600,1810,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenicola">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FEE92619D80EF8BD" box="[379,512,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. arenicola</emphasis>
Painter.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FDCC261AD865F8BD" bold="true" box="[606,619,1809,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD2FFD1FDEA2619D94FF8BD" authority="Painter." authorityName="Painter." box="[632,833,1810,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FDEA2619D8E4F8BD" box="[632,746,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. argutus</emphasis>
Painter.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FCD5261AD95AF8BD" bold="true" box="[839,852,1809,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD2FFD1FCF32619DE9AF8BD" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[865,1172,1810,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FCF32619D9D9F8BD" box="[865,983,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. borealis</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD2FFD1FB0C2619DEFFF8BD" box="[1182,1265,1810,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FB64261ADF0DF8BD" bold="true" box="[1270,1283,1809,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">6</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD2FFD1FA832619D82DF8DD" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD2FFD1FA832619DB6BF8DD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G. confusus</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD2FFD1FDBF2639D871F8DD" box="[557,639,1842,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="27EE27A9FFD1FFD2FE9A2707D9EFF9FC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156844/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[401,1187,322,1520]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFD1FFD2FE9A2707D9EFF9FC" blockId="6.[264,1323,1548,1641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FE9A2707DBB5F9B0" bold="true" box="[264,443,1548,1572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURES 7–12</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD1FFD2FE5A2707D805F9B7" box="[456,523,1548,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FE5A2707D805F9B7" box="[456,523,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vaginal furcae.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FD252707D8CAF9B0" bold="true" box="[695,708,1548,1572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD1FFD2FD402707DE06F9B7" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[722,1032,1548,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cressoni" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FD402707D945F9B7" box="[722,843,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. cressoni</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD1FFD2FB802707DE6BF9B7" box="[1042,1125,1548,1571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FBF92707DE76F9B0" bold="true" box="[1131,1144,1548,1572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD1FFD2FB172707DB84F9D2" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elachys" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FB172707DEF8F9B7" box="[1157,1270,1548,1571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. elachys</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD1FFD2FE042724DBE7F9D2" box="[406,489,1583,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FE622725DBF3F9D2" bold="true" box="[496,509,1582,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">9</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD1FFD2FD992724D956F9D2" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[523,856,1583,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriogonae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FD992724D897F9D2" box="[523,665,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. eriogonae</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD1FFD2FCF12724D9B8F9D2" box="[867,950,1583,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FC2F2725D9D6F9D2" bold="true" box="[957,984,1582,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD1FFD2FC742724DEABF9D2" authority="Evenhuis" authorityName="Evenhuis" box="[998,1189,1583,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halli" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FC742724DE36F9D2" box="[998,1080,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. halli</emphasis>
Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD1FFD2FB232724DF0AF9D2" box="[1201,1284,1583,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FA992725DF2DF9D2" bold="true" box="[1291,1315,1582,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD1FFD2FE9A2759D807F9FC" authority="Walker." authorityName="Walker." box="[264,521,1617,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FE9A2759DBA1F9FD" box="[264,431,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. holosericeus</emphasis>
Walker.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FD9D275AD827F9FD" bold="true" box="[527,553,1617,1641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD1FFD2FDA42759D98DF9FC" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[566,899,1617,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infrequens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FDA42759D8C9F9FD" box="[566,711,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. infrequens</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD1FFD2FC1C275AD9EFF9FC" box="[910,993,1617,1640]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFD1FFD2FEAA27E6D9BBF8BA" blockId="6.[264,1323,1772,1838]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD1FFD2FEAA27E6DBA8F892" box="[312,422,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Tubular, tapering from base to narrowed apex; slightly broader in females, narrower in males; both sexes with eight visible segments.
</paragraph>
<caption id="27EE27A9FFD0FFD3FE9A2720D9D5F91C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156845/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[427,1170,314,1567]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFD0FFD3FE9A2720D9D5F91C" blockId="7.[264,1323,1579,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FE9A2720DBC0F9D7" bold="true" box="[264,462,1579,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURES 13–18</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD0FFD3FE732727D82AF9D7" box="[481,548,1580,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FE732727D82AF9D7" box="[481,548,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vaginal furcae.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FD732720D8F5F9D7" bold="true" box="[737,763,1579,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">13</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD0FFD3FC9D2727DE60F9D7" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[783,1134,1580,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FC9D2727D9AFF9D7" box="[783,929,1580,1603]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. monticola</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD0FFD3FBED2727DED9F9D7" box="[1151,1239,1580,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FB712720DEF3F9D7" bold="true" box="[1251,1277,1579,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">14</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD0FFD3FA832727D84EF9F1" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nevadensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FA832727DB73F9F1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. nevadensis</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD0FFD3FDDF2745D8AFF9F1" box="[589,673,1614,1637]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FD3B2745D8CAF9F2" bold="true" box="[681,708,1614,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">15</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD0FFD3FD412745D9A9F9F1" authority="Painter." authorityName="Painter." box="[723,935,1614,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FD412745D943F9F1" box="[723,845,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. nigripes</emphasis>
Painter.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FC3D2745D9C4F9F2" bold="true" box="[943,970,1614,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">16</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD0FFD3FC4B2745DF0EF9F1" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[985,1280,1614,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="notios" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FC4B2745DE33F9F1" box="[985,1085,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. notios</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD0FFD3FA9E2745DB38F91C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FEAE277BDB58F91C" bold="true" box="[316,342,1648,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">17</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD0FFD3FEF6277AD874F91C" authority="Hall Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall Evenhuis" box="[356,634,1649,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="painteri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FEF6277ADBD7F91C" box="[356,473,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. painteri</emphasis>
Hall Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFD0FFD3FD17277AD8D9F91C" box="[645,727,1649,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FD4F277BD8F9F91C" bold="true" box="[733,759,1648,1672]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">18</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFD0FFD3FC97277AD9D5F91C" authority="Painter." authorityName="Painter." box="[773,987,1649,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvidus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FC97277AD98DF91C" box="[773,899,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">G. parvidus</emphasis>
Painter.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFD0FFD3FEAA27DFDF01F8F2" blockId="7.[264,1324,1748,1894]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFD0FFD3FEAA27DFDB7AF979" box="[312,372,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFD0FFD3FE1627DFD81EF97A" box="[388,528,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 28" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[322,1269,1656,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[319,1269,1655,1841]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 28. Geron wings. 27, G. nigripes Painter. 28, G. rufipes Macquart." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156848/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figs. 27–28</figureCitation>
). Hyaline to slightly infumate, with two submarginal and three posterior cells; anal cell closed at or slightly before wing margin; crossvein r­m at or beyond middle of cell dm; second submarginal cell short, about as long as apical width; crossvein m­cu sinuous (
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFD0FFD3FE272647D802F8F2" box="[437,524,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 28" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[322,1269,1656,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[319,1269,1655,1841]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 28. Geron wings. 27, G. nigripes Painter. 28, G. rufipes Macquart." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156848/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), occasionally straight (
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFD0FFD3FCB62647D972F8F2" box="[804,892,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 27 – 28" captionStartId="9.[264,383,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[322,1269,1656,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[319,1269,1655,1841]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 27 – 28. Geron wings. 27, G. nigripes Painter. 28, G. rufipes Macquart." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156848/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
); anal lobe moderately developed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="27EE27A9FFDFFFDCFE9A2747D8FBF925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156846/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[393,1195,331,1575]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFDFFFDCFE9A2747D8FBF925" blockId="8.[264,1322,1612,1713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFE9A2747DBD7F9F2" bold="true" box="[264,473,1612,1638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURES 19–24</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDFFFDCFE752745D824F9F1" box="[487,554,1614,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFE752745D824F9F1" box="[487,554,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vaginal furcae.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFD472745D8FEF9F2" bold="true" box="[725,752,1614,1638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">19</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDFFFDCFD6F2745DE29F9F1" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[765,1063,1614,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peucon" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFD6F2745D964F9F1" box="[765,874,1614,1637]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. peucon</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFDFFFDCFBA32745DE8DF9F1" box="[1073,1155,1614,1637]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFB1B2745DEAAF9F2" bold="true" box="[1161,1188,1614,1638]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">20</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDFFFDCFB232745DBE8F918" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prosopidis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFB232745DB29F918" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. prosopidis</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFDFFFDCFE63277ED84AF918" box="[497,580,1653,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFDD9277FD868F918" bold="true" box="[587,614,1652,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">21</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDFFFDCFDE1277ED95AF918" authority="Macquart." authorityName="Macquart." box="[627,852,1653,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFDE1277ED8D0F918" box="[627,734,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. rufipes</emphasis>
Macquart.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFCC8277FD97AF918" bold="true" box="[858,884,1652,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">22</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDFFFDCFC10277ED9E6F918" box="[898,1000,1653,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senilis">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFC10277ED9E6F918" box="[898,1000,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. senilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFBFB277FDE8AF918" bold="true" box="[1129,1156,1652,1676]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">23</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDFFFDCFB00277EDB87F925" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenos" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFB00277EDEF8F918" box="[1170,1270,1653,1676]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. stenos</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFDFFFDCFE062791DBE9F925" box="[404,487,1690,1713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFE7F2792D809F925" bold="true" box="[493,519,1689,1713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">24</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDFFFDCFD872791D8FBF925" authority="Loew." authorityName="Loew." box="[533,757,1690,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subauratus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFD872791D8A2F925" box="[533,684,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">G. subauratus</emphasis>
Loew.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFDFFFDDFEAA2611DB8DFC82" blockId="8.[264,1323,1818,1884]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1324,284,1070]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDFFFDCFEAA2611DBEBF8A7" box="[312,485,1818,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFDFFFDCFE652611D886F8A0" box="[503,648,1818,1844]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 30 ­ 33" captionStart-1="FIGURES 34 – 37" captionStart-2="FIGURES 38 – 41" captionStart-3="FIGURES 42 – 45" captionStart-4="FIGURES 46 – 49" captionStart-5="FIGURES 50 – 53" captionStart-6="FIGURES 54 – 57" captionStartId-0="15.[264,383,1379,1403]" captionStartId-1="22.[264,383,1735,1759]" captionStartId-2="30.[264,382,1352,1376]" captionStartId-3="37.[264,382,1744,1768]" captionStartId-4="43.[264,382,1573,1597]" captionStartId-5="50.[264,382,1290,1314]" captionStartId-6="58.[264,382,1407,1431]" captionTargetBox-0="[360,1231,325,1350]" captionTargetBox-1="[333,1251,683,1705]" captionTargetBox-2="[322,1261,315,1330]" captionTargetBox-3="[327,1255,636,1719]" captionTargetBox-4="[325,1257,610,1549]" captionTargetBox-5="[326,1258,318,1256]" captionTargetBox-6="[322,1258,473,1378]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[360,1236,320,1357]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[330,1261,677,1708]" captionTargetId-2="figure@30.[319,1273,313,1335]" captionTargetId-3="figure@37.[316,1273,632,1721]" captionTargetId-4="figure@43.[321,1262,607,1553]" captionTargetId-5="figure@50.[320,1265,313,1258]" captionTargetId-6="figure@58.[319,1262,466,1386]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="30" captionTargetPageId-3="37" captionTargetPageId-4="43" captionTargetPageId-5="50" captionTargetPageId-6="58" captionText-0="FIGURES 30 ­ 33. Geron male genitalia. 30, G. albipennis Painter; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 31, G. albipilosus Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, ventral view. 32, G. arenicola Painter; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 33, G. argutus Painter; a, lateral view; b, ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURES 34 – 37. Geron male genitalia. 34, G. borealis Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 35, G. confusus Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 36, G. cressoni Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 37, G. elachys Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURES 38 – 41. Geron male genitalia. 38, G. eriogonae Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 39, G. halli Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view. 40, G. holosericeus Walker; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 41, G. infrequens Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, dorsal view, epiphallus and phallic complex removed." captionText-3="FIGURES 42 – 45. Geron male genitalia. 42, G. johnsoni Painter; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 43, G. monticola Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, dorsal view. 44, G. nevadensis Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, dorsal view. 45, G. nigripes Painter; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view." captionText-4="FIGURES 46 – 49. Geron male genitalia. 46, G. niveus Painter; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, dorsal view, epiphallus removed. 47, G. notios Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, dorsal view. 48, G. painteri Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 49, G. parvidus Painter; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, dorsal view, epiphallus and phallic complex removed." captionText-5="FIGURES 50 – 53. Geron male genitalia. 50, G. peucon Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view. 51, G. prosopidis Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view. 52, G. rufipes Macquart; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, dorsal view. 53, G. senilis (Fabricius); a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, dorsal view, phallic complex removed." captionText-6="FIGURES 54 – 57. Geron male genitalia. 53, G. stenos Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view. 55, G. subauratus Loew; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view. 56, G. vitripennis Loew; a, lateral view; b, tip of gonocoxa, ventral view. 57, G. weemsi Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov.; a, lateral view; b, gonocoxa, ventral view." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/156850/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/156851/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/156852/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/156853/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/156854/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/156855/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/156856/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 30–57</figureCitation>
). Complicated in digitate or closed condition with gonocoxa in lateral view elongate, boat­shaped with a membranous “window” near apical third; gonostylus usually narrow, two to three times longer than high, with small hairs apically; four rami present; dorsolateral ramus (part of upper margin of gonocoxa), variously shaped but usually elongate with rounded apex; lateral ramus attached basally to dorsolateral ramus, shiny, thin, usually slightly curved, normally acuminate apically and coextensive with gonostylus; aedeagus [= distiphallus of
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFDEFFDDFCFA20B7DE1FFE42" author="Yeates" box="[872,1041,444,470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="71" refString="Yeates, D. K. (1994) The cladistics and classification of the Bombyliidae (Diptera: Asiloidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 219, 1 - 191." type="journal article" year="1994">Yeates (1994)</bibRefCitation>
] narrow, long, apically acuminate; passing through scale­like epiphallus of varying shapes; gonocoxa in ventral view either flat, with or without small projection, or with two broadly depressed areas separated by central ridge; genitalia in rosette or open condition with gonocoxa folded upward and inward; gonostylus bent upward and outward; lateral ramus bent up and out at nearly a right angle; dorsolateral ramus bent up and out; aedeagus moved posteriorly, projecting; anal lobes moved upward; aedeagal sheath separated and flattened, wing­like on either side of aedeagus; nearly every condition between the two extremes (digitate and rosette) is expressed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFDEFFDDFEAA222FD964FBBA" blockId="9.[264,1324,284,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFEAA222FDBF1FCA9" box="[312,511,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="EBAA6BA4FFDEFFDDFD9D222FD883FCAA" box="[527,653,804,830]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7 – 12" captionStart-2="FIGURES 13 – 18" captionStart-3="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStart-4="FIGURES 25 – 26" captionStartId-0="5.[264,382,1777,1801]" captionStartId-1="6.[264,383,1548,1572]" captionStartId-2="7.[264,383,1579,1603]" captionStartId-3="8.[264,394,1612,1638]" captionStartId-4="9.[264,383,1524,1548]" captionTargetBox-0="[385,1208,437,1761]" captionTargetBox-1="[401,1187,322,1520]" captionTargetBox-2="[427,1170,314,1567]" captionTargetBox-3="[393,1195,331,1575]" captionTargetBox-4="[386,1211,1163,1511]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[380,1213,431,1768]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[391,1204,313,1528]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[417,1178,313,1569]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[389,1208,322,1587]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[381,1216,1155,1516]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 6. Geron vaginal furcae. 1, G. albidipennis Loew. 2, G. albipilosus Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 3, G. arenicola Painter. 4, G. argutus Painter. 5, G. borealis Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 6, G. confusus Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov." captionText-1="FIGURES 7 – 12. Geron vaginal furcae. 7, G. cressoni Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 8, G. elachys Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 9, G. eriogonae Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 10, G. halli Evenhuis, sp. nov. 11, G. holosericeus Walker. 12, G. infrequens Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov." captionText-2="FIGURES 13 – 18. Geron vaginal furcae. 13, G. monticola Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 14, G. nevadensis Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 15, G. nigripes Painter. 16, G. notios Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 17, G. painteri Hall Evenhuis, sp. nov. 18, G. parvidus Painter." captionText-3="FIGURES 19 – 24. Geron vaginal furcae. 19, G. peucon Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 20, G. prosopidis Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 21, G. rufipes Macquart. 22, G. senilis (Fabricius. 23, G. stenos Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov. 24, G. subauratus Loew." captionText-4="FIGURES 25 – 26. Geron vaginal furcae. 25, G. vitripennis Loew. 26, G. weemsi Hall &amp; Evenhuis, sp. nov." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/156843/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/156844/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/156845/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/156846/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/156847/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 1–26</figureCitation>
) without acanthophorites or sand chamber; vaginal furca consisting of two parts, upper part slightly curved, V­ or narrow U­shaped, membranous medially with an opening for common basal spermathecal duct; lower part variously shaped, usually more densely sclerotized; three spermathecae present, capsule not sclerotized, composed of coiled filaments or tubes; spermathecal duct long, thin, upper portion, above sperm pump with minute glands; sperm pump short, sclerotized collars (end plates) not evident; common basal spermathecal duct short.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="27EE27A9FFDEFFDDFE9A24FFDB55F9BA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156847/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[386,1211,1163,1511]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFDEFFDDFE9A24FFDB55F9BA" blockId="9.[264,1322,1524,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFE9A24FFDBC6F998" bold="true" box="[264,456,1524,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURES 25–26</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDEFFDDFE4424FFD817F99F" box="[470,537,1524,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFE4424FFD817F99F" box="[470,537,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vaginal furcae.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFD5424FFD8EEF998" bold="true" box="[710,736,1524,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">25</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDEFFDDFD7D24FFD9C5F99F" authority="Loew." authorityName="Loew." box="[751,971,1524,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vitripennis">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFD7D24FFD98FF99F" box="[751,897,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. vitripennis</emphasis>
Loew.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFC4324FFD9E2F998" bold="true" box="[977,1004,1524,1548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">26</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDEFFDDFC6B24FFDF28F99F" authority="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" authorityName="Hall &amp; Evenhuis" box="[1017,1318,1524,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weemsi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFC6B24FFDE66F99F" box="[1017,1128,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. weemsi</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Evenhuis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD61648FFDEFFDDFE9A271CDB55F9BA" box="[264,347,1559,1582]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="27EE27A9FFDEFFDDFE9A2649DE7FF8CE" box="[264,1137,1858,1882]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/156848/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[322,1269,1656,1839]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFDEFFDDFE9A2649DE7FF8CE" blockId="9.[264,1137,1858,1882]" box="[264,1137,1858,1882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFE9A2649DBC6F8CE" bold="true" box="[264,456,1858,1882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURES 27–28</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDEFFDDFE472648D817F8CE" box="[469,537,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFE472648D817F8CE" box="[469,537,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
wings.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFDFE2649D888F8CE" bold="true" box="[620,646,1858,1882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">27</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDEFFDDFD062648D96AF8CE" authority="Painter." authorityName="Painter." box="[660,868,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFD062648D902F8CE" box="[660,780,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. nigripes</emphasis>
Painter.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFCF82649D98BF8CE" bold="true" box="[874,901,1858,1882]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">28</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDEFFDDFC002648DE7FF8CE" authority="Macquart." authorityName="Macquart." box="[914,1137,1859,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDEFFDDFC002648D9F3F8CE" box="[914,1021,1859,1882]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G. rufipes</emphasis>
Macquart.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="27EE27A9FFDDFFDEFE9A24DBD97EF99C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168714/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[363,1227,320,1468]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFDDFFDEFE9A24DBD97EF99C" blockId="10.[264,1322,1488,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDDFFDEFE9A24DBDB9DFA7C" bold="true" box="[264,403,1488,1512]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 29</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDDFFDEFE3024DBDBA1FA7C" bold="true" box="[418,431,1488,1512]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">a</emphasis>
, fore tarsi of bombyliid showing modified erect palynophilic setae used to collect pollen while feeding;
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDDFFDEFE6324FBD80EF99C" bold="true" box="[497,512,1520,1544]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">b</emphasis>
, detail of erect palynophilic setae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="3B8B24AAFFDDFFDFFEAA2750DB84FB5A" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="732E7721FFDDFFDFFEAA2750D99BFB92" blockId="10.[264,1324,1627,1894]" lastBlockId="11.[264,1324,284,1230]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDDFFDEFEAA2750D8D1F9E1" bold="true" box="[312,735,1627,1653]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks on diagnostic characters</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFDDFFDEFD7F2757D9AEF9E2" author="Cresson" box="[749,928,1628,1654]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" refString="Cresson, E. T. (1919) Dipterological notes and descriptions. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 71, 171 - 194." type="journal article" year="1919">Cresson (1919)</bibRefCitation>
was the first to report on the variable flexible nature of the male genitalia in North American species; and
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFDDFFDEFB12278FDF25F90A" author="Painter" box="[1152,1323,1668,1694]" pageId="10" pageNumber="70" refString="Painter, R. H. (1932) A monographic study of the genus Geron as it occurs in the United states (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 139 - 167." type="journal article" year="1932">Painter (1932)</bibRefCitation>
elaborated further on this phenomenon. The female genitalic structures have been studied and illustrated by a few authors (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFDDFFDEFD7627DFDE5AF97A" author="Scarbrough" box="[740,1108,1748,1774]" pageId="10" pageNumber="70" refString="Scarbrough, A. G. &amp; D. A. Davidson (1985) Review of the Caribbean Geron Meigen (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 93 (4), 1240 - 1260." type="journal article" year="1985">Scarbrough &amp; Davidson 1985</bibRefCitation>
; Greathead 1999, 2001) and have proven to be more diagnostic in separating species of
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDDFFDEFBF527F7DEBFF881" box="[1127,1201,1788,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDDFFDEFBF527F7DEBFF881" box="[1127,1201,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for many regions of the globe than the male genitalia. The most comprehensive study of genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDDFFDEFE9A2647DB5CF8F1" box="[264,338,1868,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDDFFDEFE9A2647DB5CF8F1" box="[264,338,1868,1893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was that by
<bibRefCitation id="17000AD0FFDDFFDEFE762647D893F8F2" author="Theodor" box="[484,669,1868,1894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" refString="Theodor, O. (1983) The genitalia of Bombyliidae (Diptera). Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, vi + 275 pp." type="book" year="1983">Theodor (1983)</bibRefCitation>
on a few Palearctic, Afrotropical, and one Nearctic species. The Nearctic species belonging to
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDCFFDFFD482017D92AFEA1" box="[730,804,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDCFFDFFD482017D92AFEA1" box="[730,804,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Geron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are probably among the most difficult of all the
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDCFFDFFEA5204FDBC1FECA" box="[311,463,324,350]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bombyliidae</taxonomicName>
to identify. The species are remarkably similar in appearance and the character states formerly used for separation, especially color, have proven to be almost totally unreliable. The body covering of hair and tomentum is loosely attached and, as a consequence, specimens are easily denuded. The sexes cannot be reliably associated unless taken in copulation, or secondarily, if collected together on flowers of the same species or together in swarms. We have relied heavily on label data in associating the sexes. Specific identification depends entirely on the configuration of the female vaginal furca and to some extent the male genitalia. The two forms of the male genitalia, digitate (closed) and rosette (open or expanded) presented difficulty in identification and comparing specimens. Nearly every position between the two
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFDCFFDFFC1E23A7D9C4FD52" box="[908,970,684,710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
of genitalic configuration has been observed. Comparison of parts between the two
<typeStatus id="AC2AC983FFDCFFDFFC1423DFD9CAFD7A" box="[902,964,724,750]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
is difficult and often impossible without dissection because of the great amount of movement involved and the resulting cryptic condition of some of the parts. In reviewing the female vaginal furca care must be exercised when making comparisons, because of the curvature of the furca. The furca in all of the following descriptions and illustrations were viewed from the dorsal aspect. The furca also shows a good deal of variation in sclerotization and in the development of the basal lobes, this is most apparent in the more widespread species such as
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDCFFDFFBE022CFDB52FB92" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="holosericeus">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDCFFDFFBE022CFDF25FC49" box="[1138,1323,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. holosericeus</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDCFFDFFEF822E7D86DFB92" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[362,611,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senilis">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDCFFDFFEF822E7DBD7FB91" box="[362,473,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. senilis</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B4910CA2FFDCFFDFFD3222E7D99BFB92" authority="Macquart." authorityName="Macquart." box="[672,917,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Geron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="41E5AB33FFDCFFDFFD3222E7D91BFB91" box="[672,789,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">G. rufipes</emphasis>
Macquart.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="732E7721FFDCFFDFFEAA251FDB84FB5A" blockId="11.[264,1324,284,1230]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">At present we are unable to specifically place most of the males in which the genitalia is in the rosette condition, unless reliably associated with identified females. There remain in the collections studied many probable new species. We have refrained from naming and describing them because of either the poor condition of the male genitalia or the paucity of specimens.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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