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<document id="08520ECE318A70ED0AACED372BC8DEEB" ID-CLB-Dataset="32254" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4312.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="704cb2ad-27f5-4fe1-bedf-12c20ff52146" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="855771" ID-ZooBank="2B704D83-8Fb5-41C6-B558-3A1Dbe9Ede66" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1504174383260" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Collins, Steve C." docDate="2017" docId="DB357E4FAB07FF8EFF1DB504C976F8F5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4312.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4312 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tagiades insularis subsp. insularis insularis Mabille 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="479" masterDocId="270C0637AB0FFF86FF8AB00FCC42FFCB" masterDocTitle="Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="479" updateTime="1698467563443" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C95845B7B15985EE6DAF3C2E57B3F450">Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 12. New information and corrections</mods:title>
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<treatment id="DB357E4FAB07FF8EFF1DB504C976F8F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6029801" ID-GBIF-Taxon="133100021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6029801" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB357E4FAB07FF8EFF1DB504C976F8F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB357E4FAB07FF8EFF1DB504C976F8F5" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<subSubSection id="1B869CD2AB07FF8EFF1DB504CDB2FA31" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB07FF8EFF1DB504CED7FAEE" blockId="8.[151,661,1291,1317]" box="[151,661,1291,1317]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<heading id="086B7835AB07FF8EFF1DB504CED7FAEE" bold="true" box="[151,661,1291,1317]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFF1DB504CED7FAEE" ID-CoL="7BHPZ" authority="insularis Mabille, 1876" authorityName="insularis Mabille" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,661,1291,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="insularis" subSpecies="insularis">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFF1DB504CED7FAEE" bold="true" box="[151,661,1291,1317]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFF1DB504CDA6FAEE" bold="true" box="[151,484,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Tagiades insularis insularis</emphasis>
Mabille, 1876
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB07FF8EFF1DB55ECDB2FA31" blockId="8.[151,1436,1361,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
The ABRI team reared this Madagascan subspecies from Maroantsetra (Cap Masoala) from a
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFA83B55DC92DFAA2" box="[1289,1391,1362,1385]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Discorea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFA83B55DC92DFAA2" box="[1289,1391,1362,1385]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Discorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFF14B57ACD07FA45" box="[158,325,1397,1422]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Dioscoreaceae</taxonomicName>
) in
<date id="2722E999AB07FF8EFEF8B57ACDADFA45" box="[370,495,1397,1422]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="2016-04">April 2016</date>
, and more recently TCEC reared it in
<date id="2722E999AB07FF8EFC14B57AC813FA45" box="[926,1105,1397,1422]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="2009-12">December 2009</date>
and SCC and TCEC in
<date id="2722E999AB07FF8EFAEBB57ACC8DFA79" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" value="2013-04">April 2013</date>
from the same or a different
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFD90B595CECCFA7A" box="[538,654,1434,1457]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFD90B595CECCFA7A" box="[538,654,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Dioscorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. at Tsaranoro Valley, southern Madagascar (
<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB07FF8EFB28B596C956FA79" box="[1186,1300,1433,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1248,1270]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1224]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,267,1224]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tsaranoro Valley, south Madagascar, where TCEC and SCC found caterpillars of Tagiades insularis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855811/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Figure 10</figureCitation>
). There are currently 30 endemic, three non-endemic and two introduced species of
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFC5CB5B1C808FA1E" box="[982,1098,1470,1493]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFC5CB5B1C808FA1E" box="[982,1098,1470,1493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Dioscorea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recognised from
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB07FF8EFA9EB5B2CDAEFA31" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Madagascar Catalogue (2013) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, U. S. A. &amp; Antananarivo, Madagascar. Available from: http: // www. efloras. org / madagascar (accessed 1 July 2015)" type="journal article">Madagascar (Madagascar Catalogue 2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1B869CD2AB07FF8EFF4DB60AC976F8F5" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" type="description">
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB07FF8EFF4DB60AC886F941" blockId="8.[151,1436,1361,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
The final instar caterpillar of
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFD99B609CEE5F9D5" authorityName="insularis Mabille" authorityYear="1876" box="[531,679,1541,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="insularis" subSpecies="insularis">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFD99B609CEE5F9D5" box="[531,679,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">T. i. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB07FF8EFD3DB60ACF66F9D5" box="[695,804,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1323,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,1323,1882]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 11. Final instar caterpillar of Tagiades insularis collected on Dioscorea sp., Tsaranoro Valley, southern Madagascar, 27 Dec 2009 [TCEC]. 1, dorsal view; 2, lateral view; 3, detail of head, anterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855815/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Figure 11</figureCitation>
) is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFBC6B609C969F9D5" authority="(Fabricius)" authorityName="Fabricius" box="[1100,1323,1541,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flesus">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFBC6B609C8EAF9D5" box="[1100,1192,1541,1566]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">T. flesus</emphasis>
(Fabricius)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB07FF8EFAB0B60ACD4DF989" author="Henning" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. &amp; Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Henning
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFF1DB625CC85F989" box="[151,199,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 65;
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB07FF8EFED5B626CE2DF989" author="Cock" box="[351,623,1577,1602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Cock, M. J. W. &amp; Congdon, T. C. E. (2011 a) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 2. Pyrginae: Tagiadini. Zootaxa, 2893, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">Cock &amp; Congdon 2011a</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB07FF8EFDF1B626CEABF989" box="[635,745,1577,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1556,1578]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,805,1531]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[150,1436,805,1531]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 21. Ovum of Prosopalpus styla photographed on unidentified grass following field oviposition, Minziro, Tanzania, 30 Dec 1994 [TCEC]." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855849/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Figure 21</figureCitation>
). The head of the Madagascan
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFBC3B625C899F989" authorityName="insularis Mabille" authorityYear="1876" box="[1097,1243,1577,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="insularis" subSpecies="insularis">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFBC3B625C899F989" box="[1097,1243,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">T. i. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly darker in colour and the apices more acutely angled, while the body appears more intensely coloured. However, without more information on individual variation, it would be premature to assume this was significant.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5323CF59AB07FF8EFF4DB69AC976F8F5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1361,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">
The pupa is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFDDAB699CEE8F965" box="[592,682,1685,1710]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flesus">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFDDAB699CEE8F965" box="[592,682,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">T. flesus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB07FF8EFD31B69ACFE2F965" author="Henning" box="[699,928,1685,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Henning, G. A., Henning, S. F., Joannou, J. G. &amp; Woodhall, S. E. (1997) Living Butterflies of Southern Africa. Biology, Ecology and Conservation. Folume I Hesperiidae, Papilionidae and Pieridae of South Africa. Umdaus Press, Hatfield, South Africa, 395 pp." type="book" year="1997">
Henning
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFCAFB699CF15F965" box="[805,855,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 65;
<bibRefCitation id="370DB2A8AB07FF8EFC7FB69AC9D5F965" author="Cock" box="[1013,1431,1685,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" refString="Cock, M. J. W. &amp; Congdon, T. C. E. (2011 a) Observations on the biology of Afro - tropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) principally from Kenya. Part 2. Pyrginae: Tagiadini. Zootaxa, 2893, 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="2011" yearSuffix="a">
Cock &amp; Congdon (2011a,
<figureCitation id="CBA7D3DCAB07FF8EFA95B69AC9CDF965" box="[1311,1423,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1728,1750]" captionTargetBox="[221,1367,1108,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[197,1390,1095,1696]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 22. The main parts of the caterpillar head used in descriptions." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/855853/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Figure 22</figureCitation>
)
</bibRefCitation>
, and immediately recognisable as a
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFD95B6B6CEC1F919" authorityName="Hübner" authorityYear="1819" box="[543,643,1721,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFD95B6B6CEC1F919" box="[543,643,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">Tagiades</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. The pupa of
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFCCCB6B5CF9BF919" authorityName="insularis Mabille" authorityYear="1876" box="[838,985,1721,1746]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="insularis" subSpecies="insularis">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFCCCB6B5CF9BF919" box="[838,985,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">T. i. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is darker brown, the shape of the brown wing markings differ, the distal half of the antenna is shining white in
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFC30B6D1C856F93D" box="[954,1044,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flesus">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFC30B6D1C856F93D" box="[954,1044,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">T. flesus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and light brown in
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFB75B6D1C9D7F93D" authorityName="insularis Mabille" authorityYear="1876" box="[1279,1429,1757,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="insularis" subSpecies="insularis">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFB75B6D1C9D7F93D" box="[1279,1429,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">T. i. insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the shining white area on the ventral abdomen is much more extensive in
<taxonomicName id="949CB4DAAB07FF8EFBB2B70DC8D5F8D1" box="[1080,1175,1793,1818]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Tagiades" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flesus">
<emphasis id="61E8134BAB07FF8EFBB2B70DC8D5F8D1" box="[1080,1175,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="479">T. flesus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, as for the caterpillar, without examining more material, it cannot be suggested that these differences are significant.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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