treatments-xml/data/16/26/E4/1626E498AA595064B52C2B16C7156AE3.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69e3a7a3-d279-4b63-8070-be3b1c813968" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-133" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" ID-ZooBank="24DF15ADF8A04086AD8C60AD39C8A4AA" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-1-133" checkinTime="1683131477234" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lehmann, Ingo &amp; Dalsgaard, Thure" docDate="2023" docId="1626E498AA595064B52C2B16C7156AE3" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(1): 133-182" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (1)" docPubDate="2023-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204" docTitle="Shimbania budaensis Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0302D564-5215-4507-8E2F-92215BCACE65" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="CF6673C9B1765D47B848F9C007505762" masterDocTitle="Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1683132232210" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of Saalmulleria Mabille, 1891 (Lepidoptera, Metarbelidae) from Madagascar with the description of three new genera and fifteen new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lehmann, Ingo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lehmannshimoni@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Dalsgaard, Thure</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, ztm, Museum der Natur, Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">t.dalsgaard@leibniz-lib.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-05-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
<mods:end>182</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.85204</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0730-1-133</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">24DF15ADF8A04086AD8C60AD39C8A4AA</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0302D564-5215-4507-8E2F-92215BCACE65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1626E498AA595064B52C2B16C7156AE3" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/0302D564-5215-4507-8E2F-92215BCACE65" authority="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard, 2023" authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Metarbelidae" genus="Shimbania" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania budaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="budaensis" status="sp. nov.">Shimbania budaensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. a. Shimbania baginerichardi sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Kwale County, Shimba Hills National Reserve; b. S. budaensis sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Kwale County, Buda Forest Reserve; c. S. tanaensis sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Tana River County, Mchelelo Camp, close to the Tana River; d. S. tanaensis sp. nov., paratype, male, Kenya, Mombasa County, Shimo la Tewa." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845631" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figs 1b</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Male and female genitalia in a pressed condition below glass: a. Shimbania baginerichardi sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Kwale County, Shimba Hills National Reserve; b. S. tanaensis sp. nov., paratype, male, Kenya, Mombasa County, Shimo la Tewa; c. S. budaensis sp. nov., holotype, male, Kenya, Kwale County, Buda Forest Reserve; d. S. pwaniensis sp. nov., holotype, male, Tanzania, Pwani Region, road from Dar es-Salaam to Chalinze, near the railway-crossing, ca. 2 km from the Ruvu River." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/845638" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">, 8c</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-01-15" collectingDateMax="1995-02-01" collectingDateMin="1995-01-15" collectorName="Dr. Politzar, I. Lehmann" country="Kenya" elevation="60" location="Buda Forest" municipality="South Coast" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kwale County" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, male, 
<collectingCountry name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>South Coast</collectingMunicipality>
, [
<collectingRegion country="Kenya" name="Kwale">Kwale County</collectingRegion>
], 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1626E498AA595064B52C2B16C7156AE3:A727DB997FD8937F4C2EAD828B9B46B9" country="Kenya" municipality="South Coast" name="Buda Forest" stateProvince="Kwale County">Buda Forest</location>
[Reserve], 0 m [incorrect altitude that is 
<quantity metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="2.7" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="93.0" valueMin="27.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="9.3" metricValueMin="2.7" unit="m" value="60.0" valueMax="93.0" valueMin="27.0">27-93 m</elevation>
</quantity>
], 
<collectingDate value="1995-01-15" valueMax="1995-02-01" valueMin="1995-01-15">15 January - 01st February 1995</collectingDate>
, mercury vapor light, 
<collectorName>Dr. Politzar</collectorName>
leg., genitalia slide number 05/082009 
<collectorName>I. Lehmann</collectorName>
(MWM).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Head</emphasis>
: with dense, short hair-like scales of light brown and ivory-yellow between and around eyes; eyes olive with black spots; a pair of pits are present on lower fronto-clypeus; pits behind labial palpi are tiny slits; antenna 0.36 length of forewing, bipectinate, with branches of 4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
width of shaft, branches not scaled and shaft densely scaled, cream dorsally; labial palpi brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Thorax</emphasis>
: Patagia grey-vinaceous, forming a collar ring; tegulae with long hair-like dark chestnut scales with a slightly vinaceous glint. Metathorax with small crest of ivory-yellow scales, crest brown at center. Hind legs olive-grey with fine hair-like scales, on lower part of tarsus olive (instead of brown) dorsally; two pairs of long tibial spurs of unequal width and length, upper pair narrow 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
2.0 mm and 1.5 mm, lower pair of spurs broader 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
1.5 mm and 1.0 mm long. Forewing length 23.5 mm and wingspan 52.0 mm. Forewing upperside light grey-olive with a light golden glint, but upper inner half is dark olive; below half of 1A+2A a large dark chestnut patch; forewing with many narrow brown-olive lines from near costal margin to dorsum, only few are interrupted by narrowly brown veins; a large, but weak olive sub-terminal patch is 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“V”">&quot;V&quot;</normalizedToken>
-shaped from R3 to near half of CuA1; termen without striae or lunules; CuA2 brown, with a brown streak extending into discal cell; remaining veins are not distinctly coloured with few exceptions; cilia short, 1.1 mm, with cream base and grey tips. Underside of forewing olive-buff with a golden glint and some dark olive-buff patches and short lines. Hindwing upperside ivory-yellow with a light golden glint, without brown veins and hence, all veins are not distinctly coloured, some pale olive-buff patches occur; cilia as in forewing; underside as in forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Mainly cream-olive mixed with ivory-yellow, glossy; abdominal tuft cream-olive and pale olive-buff, short, 1/5 length of abdomen. Genitalia with long uncus, 60% of length of whole gnathos, with a narrow graben-like surface ventrally. Gnathos has gnathos arms that are large, one arm 60% the size of valva; upper part of the gnathos arm is a long band, as long as 65% of basal width of valva, the lower part of the gnathal arm is large, and it does not touch the other arm but is well separated from it (ventral view), of broadly slightly rectangular (instead of triangular) shape with a pronounced thorn-like structure and with its base 70% of the basal width of valva, without smaller thorns along its slightly wavy dorsal edge; the gnathal arms are connected ventrally by a narrow sclerotized band that is as broad as 30% of the transtilla and is narrowly bifurcated at the middle. The Gnathos ends well above the dorsal edge of the transtilla. The valva is elongated rectangular with a dorsal edge of 2.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of uncus, tip broadly rounded; ventral edge is bent suddenly inwards and has a well pronounced sacculus that is broad on its first half, as broad as 25% of width of valva, sclerotized, long, 90% of length of ventral edge of valva; saccus absent; juxta well developed, with two broadly ear-shaped lobes and a broadly V-shaped emargination in between, it is 60% the length of juxta, tips of lobes pointed. Phallus very large, as broad as 40% of basal width of valva and 25% longer than costal width of valva, only slightly S-shaped and bent upwards at tip distally, vesica without cornuti. The basal width of the vinculum is among the broadest in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania budaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="budaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania budaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be separated from all other congeners by the very broad ventral base of the vinculum that has 45% of the basal width of its elongated valva and hence, is at present among the two broadest ventral bases of a vinculum among 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Only 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. wanjakinuthiaae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wanjakinuthiaae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. wanjakinuthiaae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has a broader ventral base of vinculum, but can easily be separated from the former species by its very broad and short rectangular valva with a costal margin that has only 1.4 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the length of the uncus and with a ventral margin that is not suddenly bent inwards. Additionally, the sacculus is broadest, longest and well sclerotized in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="S. budaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="budaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">S. budaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. if compared to all other species presented herein.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania budaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="budaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania budaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is classified as a lowland coastal forest species that is at present endemic to the &quot;Usambara-Kwale local centre of endemism&quot; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Burgess, ND" editor="Burgess, ND" journalOrPublisher="IUCN, Gland and Cambridge" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="235 - 248" refId="B6" refString="Burgess, ND, 2000. Global importance and patterns in the distribution of Coastal Forest species. In: Burgess, ND, Clarke, GP, Eds., Coastal forests of Eastern Africa. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge: 235 - 248" title="Global importance and patterns in the distribution of Coastal Forest species." volumeTitle="Coastal forests of Eastern Africa." year="2000">Burgess (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. The species is only known from Buda Forest Reserve (6.7 km2 in size) located 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
6 km inland from the Indian Ocean, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
3 km southwest from Gogoni Forest Reserve, where a species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was never recorded (Lehmann unpubl. data collected in 2001-2007), and 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">ca.</emphasis>
16 km southwest from Kaya Muhaka (
<bibRefCitation author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Heterocera Sumatrana" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B62" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 1998. Notes on butterflies and moths and their habitats in two Kaya forests (Kenya, Coast, Kwale District). Unpublished report submitted to the Office of the President (Kenya) and to the National Museums of Kenya, 1-99 [+ two maps and two profile diagrams]." title="Notes on butterflies and moths and their habitats in two Kaya forests (Kenya, Coast, Kwale District). Unpublished report submitted to the Office of the President (Kenya) and to the National Museums of Kenya, 1 - 99 [+ two maps and two profile diagrams]." year="1998">Lehmann and Kioko 1998</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" author="Lehmann, I" journalOrPublisher="Metamorphosis - Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa, Occasional Supplement," pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B64" refString="Lehmann, I, Kioko, E, 2005. Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94(1): 121-163. https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" title="Lepidoptera diversity, floristic composition and structure of three Kaya forests on the south coast of Kenya. Journal of East African Natural History 94 (1): 121 - 163." url="https://doi.org/10.2982/0012-8317(2005)94[121:LDFCAS]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
). Noteworthy, Buda Forest has among 30 studied Kenyan coastal forests very high species diversities and is in this aspect among the seven top sites (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1834461" author="Fungomeli, M" journalOrPublisher="Plant Biosystems" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="973 - 982" refId="B22" refString="Fungomeli, M, Cianciaruso, M, Zannini, P, Githitho, A, Frascaroli, F, Fulanda, B, Kibet, S, Wiemers, M, Mbuvi, MT, Matiku, P, Chiarucci, A, 2020. Woody plant species diversity of the coastal forests of Kenya: filling in knowledge gaps in a biodiversity hotspot. Plant Biosystems 154 (6): 973 - 982, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1834461" title="Woody plant species diversity of the coastal forests of Kenya: filling in knowledge gaps in a biodiversity hotspot." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1834461" volume="154" year="2020">Fungomeli et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lehmann &amp; Dalsgaard" authorityYear="2023" family="Bombacaceae" genus="Shimbania" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Shimbania budaensis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="budaensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Shimbania budaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is named for the Buda Forest Reserve (Kenya) and to remember my (I.L.) first observations on larger moths in various coastal forests, such as Buda Forest, undertaken by bicycle in 1989.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">The gender of the new species name is feminine.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>