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<document id="7EB97D8D7945D3D7BE190412B287EBF5" ID-DOI="10.24199/j.mmv.2008.65.2" ID-ISSN="1447-2554" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065020" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="julia" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1687355955760" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="OLoughlin, P. Mark &amp; Ahearn, Cynthia" docDate="2008" docId="03FC87C9561BFFA5A2ADFF1AFB1EF338" docLanguage="en" docName="MemMusVictoria.65.1-22.pdf" docOrigin="Memoirs of Museum Victoria 65" docSource="https://museumsvictoria.com.au/collections-research/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/volume-65-2008/pages-23-42/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45.1:MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="5B3B5C052A93BFEEE334AD6097A94E45" docStyleName="MemMusVictoria.2003-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Psolidium Ludwig" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFC5FFB15618FFA2A23EFFFFFF9AF456" masterDocTitle="Australian species of Psolidium Ludwig (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Psolidae)" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1687442107786" updateUser="julia" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="273495DD19378A6177E7956E38632E2A">Australian species of Psolidium Ludwig (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Psolidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="18A1CB62BAF236023B690C4F43018418">OLoughlin, P. Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65B9BCC56BDA6A4D18818A7BA07891F9">Ahearn, Cynthia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9A4895D62522F3057BAAF897DC51E6A3">2008</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FC87C9561BFFA5A2ADFF1AFB1EF338" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8064939" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8064939" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FC87C9561BFFA5A2ADFF1AFB1EF338" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87C9561BFFA5A2ADFF1AFB1EF338" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="C34F6554561BFFA1A2ADFF1AFD13F4AD" box="[147,649,229,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFF1AFD13F4AD" blockId="3.[147,649,229,251]" box="[147,649,229,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0A281B3561BFFA1A2ADFF1AFD13F4AD" bold="true" box="[147,649,229,251]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A2ADFF1AFD13F4AD" bold="true" box="[147,649,229,251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Key to Australian species of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A3F8FF1AFD13F4AD" ID-CoL="7PWV4" ID-ENA="864664" authority="Ludwig" authorityName="Ludwig" box="[454,649,229,251]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A3F8FF1AFDABF4AD" bold="true" box="[454,561,229,251]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psolidium</emphasis>
Ludwig
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6554561BFFA1A2ADFEEDFA32F6F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="key">
<key id="FFC461EE561BFFA1A2ADFEEDFA32F6F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A2ADFEEDFC90F5D8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFEEDFC90F512" blockId="3.[147,778,274,325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFEEDFC90F512" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
1. Dorsal and lateral scales with vertical spires/pillars (not lumps)
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0C3FED0FC90F512" bold="true" box="[765,778,303,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFEA3FC90F5D8" blockId="3.[147,778,347,399]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFEA3FC90F5D8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Dorsal and lateral scales lacking spires/pillars; some species with surface lumps on the scales
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0C3FE86FC90F5D8" bold="true" box="[765,778,377,398]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A2ADFE5AFC9EF6CE" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFE5AFC90F645" blockId="3.[147,778,421,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFE5AFC90F645" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
2. Dorsal and lateral scales each covered with slightly bulbous pillars; lacking mid-ventral radial series of tube feet; “thorn” ossicles present in body wall
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A32CFE01FDB2F642" authority="(Sluiter, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[274,552,509,532]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parmatus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A32CFE01FE09F645" bold="true" box="[274,403,510,531]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. parmatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A39FFE02FDB8F642" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[417,546,509,532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref16022" refString="Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Die Holothurien der Siboga - Expedition. Siboga - Expeditie 44: 1 - 142, 10 pls. Buchhandlung en Druckerei v. E. J. Brill: Leiden." type="book chapter" year="1901">Sluiter, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(NW
<collectingCountry id="F342764F561BFFA1A057FE02FD5DF645" box="[617,711,509,531]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Australia</collectingCountry>
slope)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFDD5FC9EF6CE" blockId="3.[147,778,554,664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFDD5FC9EF6CE" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Dorsal and lateral scales with predominantly single digitiform spires; mid-ventral radial series of tube feet present; lacking “thorn” ossicles in body wall
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A2F9FD7DFDB6F6CE" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[199,556,642,664]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinuliferus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A2F9FD7DFEF8F6CE" bold="true" box="[199,354,642,664]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. spinuliferus</emphasis>
(H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A393FD7DFDBFF6CE" author="Clark, H. L." box="[429,549,642,664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(N and W
<collectingCountry id="F342764F561BFFA1A0A0FD7DFD67F6CE" box="[670,765,642,664]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Australia</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A2ADFD50FC90F71E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFD50FC90F6A9" blockId="3.[147,779,686,767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFD50FC90F6A9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
3. “Thorn” ossicles present in body wall; live and preserved colour “black”
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A2F3FD16FD9AF6A8" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[205,512,745,767]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A2F3FD16FECAF6A8" bold="true" box="[205,336,745,766]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. nigrescens</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A3B3FD16FD9AF6A8" author="Clark, H. L." box="[397,512,745,767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(central
<collectingRegion id="4991F83D561BFFA1A06BFD15FC9EF6A9" box="[597,772,745,767]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFCE9FC90F71E" blockId="3.[147,778,790,841]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFCE9FC90F71E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Body wall lacking “thorn” ossicles; live and preserved colour not “black”
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0C3FCCCFC90F71E" bold="true" box="[765,778,819,840]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A2ADFC9FFC90F7F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFC9FFC90F723" blockId="3.[147,778,863,885]" box="[147,778,863,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFC9FFC90F723" box="[147,778,863,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
4. Body wall with cupped crosses and/or cups
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0C3FC9FFC90F723" bold="true" box="[765,778,864,885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">5</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFC73FC90F7F7" blockId="3.[147,778,908,930]" box="[147,778,908,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFC73FC90F7F7" box="[147,778,908,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Body wall lacking cupped crosses and/or cups
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0CFFC73FC90F7F7" bold="true" box="[753,778,908,929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A2ADFC47FC90F7AC" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFC47FC90F79B" blockId="3.[147,778,952,974]" box="[147,778,952,974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFC47FC90F79B" box="[147,778,952,974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
5. Cupped crosses and/or cups in sole of 2 ranges of size
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0C3FC47FC90F79B" bold="true" box="[765,778,952,973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">6</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFC1AFC90F7AC" blockId="3.[147,778,997,1019]" box="[147,778,997,1019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFC1AFC90F7AC" box="[147,778,997,1019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Cupped crosses and/or cups in sole of 1 range of size
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0C3FC1AFC90F7AC" bold="true" box="[765,778,997,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A2ADFBEEFC90F152" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFBEEFC90F029" blockId="3.[147,780,1041,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFBEEFC90F029" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
6. Rosettes present in dorsal body wall and tentacles; smaller cupped crosses and cups up to 32
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A003FBD0FDD1F012" box="[573,587,1071,1092]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">μ</emphasis>
m long; sole with irregular thick perforated plates, knobbed on surface and margin
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A39EFB95FD82F029" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[416,536,1129,1151]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marshae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A39EFB95FD82F029" bold="true" box="[416,536,1129,1151]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. marshae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561BFFA1A020FB95FDF6F029" box="[542,620,1130,1151]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SW
<collectingCountry id="F342764F561BFFA1A09BFB96FC9EF029" box="[677,772,1129,1151]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Australia</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFB69FC90F152" blockId="3.[147,778,1174,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFB69FC90F152" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Rosettes absent from dorsal body wall and tentacles; smaller cupped crosses and cups up to 24
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A042FB4BFD10F09F" box="[636,650,1204,1225]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">μ</emphasis>
m long; sole with smooth perforated plates
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A318FB11FDF9F152" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[294,611,1262,1284]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A318FB11FE03F155" bold="true" box="[294,409,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. minutus</emphasis>
(H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A3DAFB11FDC7F152" author="Clark, H. L." box="[484,605,1262,1284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(E
<collectingRegion id="4991F83D561BFFA1A0B7FB11FD42F155" box="[649,728,1262,1283]" country="New Zealand" name="Tasman" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Tasman</collectingRegion>
Sea)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A2ADFAE4FC90F25A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFAE4FC90F1DE" blockId="3.[147,778,1306,1416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFAE4FC90F1DE" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
7. Dorsal and lateral cups shallow, completely covered by fine spinelets, including the cross; lacking mid-ventral radial series of tube feet
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A331FA8CFE37F1DE" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[271,429,1394,1416]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mccallumae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A331FA8CFE37F1DE" bold="true" box="[271,429,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. mccallumae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561BFFA1A38DFA8CFD9AF1DE" box="[435,512,1395,1416]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectingRegion id="4991F83D561BFFA1A033FA8CFD5DF1DE" box="[525,711,1394,1416]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
slope)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADFA60FC90F25A" blockId="3.[147,778,1439,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADFA60FC90F25A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Dorsal and lateral cups and cupped crosses not shallow; spinelets on rim of cup or distally on branches of cupped cross, not on cross; mid-ventral radial series of tube feet present
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0C3FA08FC90F25A" bold="true" box="[765,778,1527,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A2ADF9DBFC90F2C9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADF9DBFC90F200" blockId="3.[147,778,1571,1622]" box="[147,778,1571,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADF9DBFC90F200" box="[147,778,1571,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
8. Body wall with predominantly cups, fewer cupped crosses
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0C3F9BEFC90F200" bold="true" box="[765,778,1601,1622]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">9</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADF991FC90F2C9" blockId="3.[147,779,1645,1695]" box="[147,779,1645,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADF991FC90F2C9" box="[147,779,1645,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Body wall with predominantly cupped crosses, fewer cups
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A0CFF975FC90F2C9" bold="true" box="[753,778,1674,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">10</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A2ADF948FC90F339" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADF948FC90F35E" blockId="3.[147,778,1719,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADF948FC90F35E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
9. Knobbed plates in sole; tentacle rosettes small, up to 40
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A2FFF92AFF55F2BC" box="[193,207,1749,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">μ</emphasis>
m long; body rounded ventrally in transverse section
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A343F90DFE64F351" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[381,510,1777,1799]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berentsae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A343F90DFE64F351" bold="true" box="[381,510,1777,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. berentsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561BFFA1A03BF90DFDC8F351" box="[517,594,1778,1799]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NE
<collectingRegion id="4991F83D561BFFA1A0B4F90DFC9EF35E" box="[650,772,1778,1800]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Queensland</collectingRegion>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A2ADF8E0FC90F339" blockId="3.[147,778,1822,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A2ADF8E0FC90F339" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Perforated plates in sole predominantly smooth; tentacle rosettes large, up to 80
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A391F8C3FE27F307" box="[431,445,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">μ</emphasis>
m long; body flat ventrally
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A3B4F8A6FDBAF339" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[394,544,1881,1903]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laperousazi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A3B4F8A6FDBAF339" bold="true" box="[394,544,1881,1903]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. laperousazi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561BFFA1A019F8A6FDEEF338" box="[551,628,1881,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectingRegion id="4991F83D561BFFA1A0BEF8A6FC9EF339" box="[640,772,1881,1903]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SE Australia</collectingRegion>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A10FFF1AFA32F5CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A10FFF1AFA32F563" blockId="3.[817,1448,229,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A10FFF1AFA32F563" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
10. Knobbed perforated plates in sole; irregular perforated plates in tentacles
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A1EDFEE0FBEBF563" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[979,1137,287,309]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hutchingsae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A1EDFEE0FBEBF563" bold="true" box="[979,1137,287,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. hutchingsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561BFFA1A649FEDFFB5FF563" box="[1143,1221,288,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(N
<collectingRegion id="4991F83D561BFFA1A6D2FEDFFA3BF563" box="[1260,1441,287,309]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A10FFEB3FA32F5CD" blockId="3.[817,1448,331,411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A10FFEB3FA32F5CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Perforated plates in sole predominantly smooth; tentacles lack irregular perforated plates
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A631FE79FA8BF5CD" authority="Hickman, 1962" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1962" box="[1039,1297,389,411]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ravum">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A631FE79FBF4F5CD" bold="true" box="[1039,1134,390,411]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. ravum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A64BFE7AFA8BF5CD" author="Hickman, V. V." box="[1141,1297,389,411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref14544" refString="Hickman, V. V. 1962. Tasmanian sea-cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 96: 49 - 72, 2 pls, 186 figs." type="book chapter" year="1962">Hickman, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingRegion id="4991F83D561BFFA1A720FE7AFA3BF5CD" box="[1310,1441,389,411]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">SE Australia</collectingRegion>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30A12E7A561BFFA1A10FFE4DFA32F6F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A10FFE4DFA32F648" blockId="3.[817,1448,433,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A10FFE4DFA32F648" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
11. Lacking series of mid-ventral radial tube feet; dorsal and lateral tube feet inconspicuous in mid-body; dorsal and lateral scales coarsely granuliform
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A14CFDF6FB4CF64B" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[882,1238,520,542]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A14CFDF6FB86F648" bold="true" box="[882,1052,520,542]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. granuliferum</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A661FDF7FB4CF64B" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1119,1238,520,542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(southern
<collectingCountry id="F342764F561BFFA1A77CFDF7FA3BF648" box="[1346,1441,520,542]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Australia</collectingCountry>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A10FFDCAFA32F6F7" blockId="3.[817,1448,564,673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30A495EA561BFFA1A10FFDCAFA32F6F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
— Mid-ventral radial tube feet present as scattered series; dorsal and lateral tube feet conspicuous in mid-body; dorsal and lateral scales finely granuliform
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A610FD73FB05F6F7" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[1070,1183,651,673]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A610FD73FB05F6F7" bold="true" box="[1070,1183,651,673]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. karenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561BFFA1A698FD73FB6EF6F7" box="[1190,1268,652,673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<collectingRegion id="4991F83D561BFFA1A73EFD74FA3BF6F7" box="[1280,1441,651,673]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">South Australia</collectingRegion>
)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6554561BFFA1A10FFD39FBDAF75F" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A10FFD39FC75F68B" blockId="3.[817,1007,710,733]" box="[817,1007,710,733]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="D0A281B3561BFFA1A10FFD39FC75F68B" box="[817,1007,710,733]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A10FFD39FC75F68B" ID-CoL="7PWV4" ID-ENA="864664" authority="Ludwig" authorityName="Ludwig" box="[817,1007,710,733]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A10FFD39FC06F68A" bold="true" box="[817,924,710,732]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psolidium</emphasis>
Ludwig
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A10FFD0CFBDAF75F" blockId="3.[817,1088,755,777]" box="[817,1088,755,777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<figureCitation id="136E2A5A561BFFA1A10FFD0CFC01F75E" box="[817,923,755,777]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[140,201,1778,1797]" captionTargetBox="[148,1436,239,1692]" captionTargetId="figure-7@4.[140,1442,227,1698]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Photos of live specimens of Psolidium Ludwig, 1886 (ad, in situ by K.Gowlett-Holmes; e, in aquarium by L.Altoff):a, P. granuliferum H. L. Clark, 1938, Port Davey, Tasmania (14 mm long preserved; SAM K2174, PK0259); b, P. karenae sp. nov., Yorke Peninsula, South Australia (17 mm long preserved; holotype SAM K2177, PK0105); c, P. laperousazi sp. nov., Kangaroo I, South Australia (13 mm long preserved; paratype SAM K2179, PK0253); d, P. marshae sp. nov., Kangaroo I (10 mm long preserved; SAM K2173, PK0273); e, P. ravum Hickman, 1962, Portland, Victoria (17 mm long preserved; NMV F125379)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065022/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figures 1e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136E2A5A561BFFA1A198FD0CFC5BF75F" box="[934,961,755,777]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[147,206,1752,1771]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,238,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-131@5.[147,1448,227,1697]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Photos of preserved specimens of Psolidium Ludwig, 1886 (a, cd by L. Altoff; b, ef by S. Hinkley and D. Maric): a, P. berentsae sp. nov., Lizard I, Queensland (lateral view; 12 mm long; holotype AM J24098); b, P. granuliferum H. L. Clark, 1938, Smokey Bay, South Australia (dorso-lateral view, with mouth left; 19 mm long; SAM K2176); cd, P. hutchingsae sp. nov., Split Solitary I, New South Wales (20 mm long; holotype AM J24107); c, dorso-lateral view; d, 10 tentacles, with 2 small ventral ones bottom; e, P. karenae sp. nov., Adelaide (lateral view, mouth left; 20 mm long; paratype SAM K2185); f, P. laperousazi sp. nov., DEntrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania (dorso-lateral view, mouth right; 18 mm long; paratype SAM K2339)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065024/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136E2A5A561BFFA1A1F2FD0CFC43F75F" box="[972,985,755,777]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[147,207,1204,1223]" captionTargetBox="[157,1440,225,1186]" captionTargetId="figure-394@7.[147,1448,215,1196]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. a, P. spinuliferus (H. L. Clark, 1938), Darwin (lateral view; 10 mm long; AM J24096; photo by L. Altoff); b, generalised form of radial (left) and interradial plates of the calcareous ring of Psolidium species (drawing by M. OLoughlin); cd, drawings of sole showing distribution of tube feet (by D. Maric); c, P. granuliferum H. L. Clark, 1938 (SAM K2176); d, P. karenae sp. nov. (SAM K2188)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065028/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4</figureCitation>
b-d, 5e, 8f
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6554561BFFA1A169FCE1FACDF71D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A169FCE1FACDF71D" blockId="3.[817,1448,798,843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4511F1561BFFA1A169FCE1FA32F767" box="[855,1448,798,817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF410CE561BFFA1A169FCE1FBDFF767" author="Ludwig, H." box="[855,1093,798,817]" page="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1886">
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561BFFA1A169FCE1FBDFF767" ID-CoL="7PWV4" authority="Ludwig, 1886: 9" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1886" box="[855,1093,798,817]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A169FCE1FC2EF767" box="[855,948,798,817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Psolidium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A189FCE1FBDFF767" author="Ludwig, H." box="[951,1093,798,817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref14680" refString="Ludwig, H. 1886. Die von G. Chierchia auf der Fahrt der Kgl. Italianische Corvette Vettor Pisani gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbucher 2: 1 - 36, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1886">Ludwig, 1886: 9</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0AF410CE561BFFA1A65EFCE1FABAF767" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1120,1312,798,817]" page="413" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A65EFCE1FABAF767" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1120,1312,798,817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref15020" refString="Mortensen, T. 1927. Handbook of the Echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press: London. 471 pp." type="book" year="1927">Mortensen, 1927: 413</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A704FCE1FA32F767" author="Deichmann, E." box="[1338,1448,798,817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="61 - 194" refId="ref14184" refString="Deichmann, E. 1941. The Holothurioidea collected by the Velero III during the years 1932 - 1938. I. Dendrochirotida. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 8 (3): 61 - 194, pls 10 - 30." type="journal article" year="1941">Deichmann,</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
1941: 141-143.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A1FBFCC7FB08F71D" author="Deichmann, E." box="[965,1170,824,843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="325 - 51" refId="ref14226" refString="Deichmann, E. 1947. Shallow water holothurians from Carbo de Hornos and adjacent waters. Anales del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. Invertebrados Marinos 8: 325 - 51." type="journal article" year="1947">Deichmann, 1947: 336</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561BFFA1A692FCC7FAC9F71D" author="Lambert, P." box="[1196,1363,824,843]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="20 - 31" refId="ref14638" refString="Lambert, P. 1996. Psolidium bidiscum, a new shallow-water psolid sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from the northeastern Pacific, previously misidentified as Psolidium bullatum Ohshima. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74: 20 - 31." type="journal article" year="1996">Lambert, 1996: 21</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6554561BFFA5A10FFC9CFD72F1AF" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A10FFC9CFA11F02B" blockId="3.[817,1448,867,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561BFFA1A10FFC9CFC05F72E" box="[817,927,867,888]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Dendrochirotid holothuroids; small, up to
<quantity id="4CAD9B3A561BFFA1A763FC9CFA3FF72E" box="[1373,1445,867,888]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
long; mid-body arched dorsally in transverse section, flat ventrally; dorsal and lateral body covered with imbricating scales, usually macroscopically conspicuous, sometimes obscured by integument, scales irregular in size and arrangement; scales decreasing in size ventro-laterally, orally and anally; lacking large oral valves; extensible oral cone, anterior or anterior-dorsal or dorsal orientation; extensible anal cone, posterior or posterior-dorsal or dorsal orientation; tube feet dorsally and laterally in mid-body, pass through scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A169FB7BFBD9F11E" blockId="3.[817,1448,867,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sole distinct, oval to elongate; discrete margin created by junction of small imbricating ventro-lateral scales with thin-walled, usually calcareous sole that lacks scales; peripheral band of tube feet, may be discontinuous across the inter-radii anteriorly and posteriorly; peripheral tube feet frequently of 2 sizes, those of outer series smaller; mid-ventral radial series of tube feet present or absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A169FAB0FC79F18F" blockId="3.[817,1448,867,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Calcareous ring solid, plates sub-rectangular, radial and interradial plates with tapered anterior projections; radial plates with deep notch posteriorly, interradial plates with shallow concave indentation posteriorly; 10 dendritic tentacles, ventral 2 smaller.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A169FA1FFA85F2F2" blockId="3.[817,1448,867,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dorsal and lateral ossicles: multi-layered or single-layered perforated plates (scales), always some with tube foot canals; integument covering scales may have cupped crosses, cups, “thorn” ossicles (irregular branched rods pointed distally), buttons, perforated plates and rosettes; tube foot small endplates, and tube foot support ossicles that are irregular rods and plates, bent and curved, variably perforated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561BFFA1A169F954FC66F339" blockId="3.[817,1448,867,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Sole ossicles: inter-radii with small to large single-layered perforated plates (rarely with multi-layering), smooth to variably knobbed and thickened, sometimes with cupped crosses, cups, thorn ossicles and rosettes; radii with additional tube foot ossicles, large endplates and tube foot support ossicles that are irregular rods and plates, bent and curved, variably perforated.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2A6657561CFFA6A2B2F90DFDD4F338" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065022" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065022" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065022/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[140,201,1778,1797]" targetBox="[148,1436,239,1692]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561CFFA6A2B2F90DFDD4F338" blockId="4.[140,1441,1778,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Figure 1. Photos of live specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561CFFA6A3E7F90DFD2CF353" authority="Ludwig, 1886" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1886" box="[473,694,1778,1797]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561CFFA6A3E7F90DFDACF353" box="[473,566,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Psolidium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561CFFA6A004F90DFD2CF353" author="Ludwig, H." box="[570,694,1778,1797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref14680" refString="Ludwig, H. 1886. Die von G. Chierchia auf der Fahrt der Kgl. Italianische Corvette Vettor Pisani gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbucher 2: 1 - 36, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1886">Ludwig, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(ad, in situ by K.Gowlett-Holmes; e, in aquarium by L.Altoff):a,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561CFFA6A72FF90CFEB1F376" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561CFFA6A72FF90CFA3AF353" box="[1297,1440,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. granuliferum</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561CFFA6A281F8F3FEB1F376" author="Clark, H. L." box="[191,299,1804,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Port Davey, Tasmania (14 mm long preserved; SAM K2174, PK0259); b,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561CFFA6A1FEF8F2FBB8F349" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[960,1058,1804,1823]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561CFFA6A1FEF8F2FBB8F349" box="[960,1058,1804,1823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. karenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561CFFA6A619F8F2FBF7F376" box="[1063,1133,1805,1824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia (17 mm long preserved; holotype SAM K2177, PK0105); c,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561CFFA6A09EF8D8FCB8F36F" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[672,802,1830,1849]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laperousazi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561CFFA6A09EF8D8FCB8F36F" box="[672,802,1830,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. laperousazi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561CFFA6A119F8D8FCF7F36C" box="[807,877,1831,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Kangaroo I, South Australia (13 mm long preserved; paratype SAM K2179, PK0253); d,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561CFFA6A349F8BEFE47F302" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[375,477,1857,1876]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marshae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561CFFA6A349F8BEFE47F302" box="[375,477,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. marshae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561CFFA6A3DCF8BEFDB3F302" box="[482,553,1857,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Kangaroo I (10 mm long preserved; SAM K2173, PK0273); e,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561CFFA6A65EF8BEFADEF302" authority="Hickman, 1962" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1962" box="[1120,1348,1857,1876]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ravum">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561CFFA6A65EF8BEFB28F305" box="[1120,1202,1857,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. ravum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561CFFA6A689F8BEFADEF302" author="Hickman, V. V." box="[1207,1348,1857,1876]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref14544" refString="Hickman, V. V. 1962. Tasmanian sea-cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 96: 49 - 72, 2 pls, 186 figs." type="book chapter" year="1962">Hickman, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Portland, Victoria (17 mm long preserved; NMV F125379).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2A6657561DFFA7A2ADF927FE7AF338" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065024" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065024/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[147,206,1752,1771]" targetBox="[157,1436,238,1687]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561DFFA7A2ADF927FE7AF338" blockId="5.[147,1449,1752,1902]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Figure 2. Photos of preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561DFFA7A01EF927FD65F2BD" authority="Ludwig, 1886" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1886" box="[544,767,1752,1771]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561DFFA7A01EF927FDE7F2BD" box="[544,637,1752,1771]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Psolidium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561DFFA7A0BCF927FD65F2BD" author="Ludwig, H." box="[642,767,1752,1771]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref14680" refString="Ludwig, H. 1886. Die von G. Chierchia auf der Fahrt der Kgl. Italianische Corvette Vettor Pisani gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbucher 2: 1 - 36, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1886">Ludwig, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(a, cd by L. Altoff; b, ef by S. Hinkley and D. Maric): a,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561DFFA7A727F926FA13F2BD" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[1305,1417,1752,1771]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="berentsae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561DFFA7A727F926FA13F2BD" box="[1305,1417,1752,1771]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. berentsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561DFFA7A7B0F926FF26F350" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Lizard I, Queensland (lateral view; 12 mm long; holotype AM J24098); b,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561DFFA7A15CF90CFB0DF353" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[866,1175,1778,1798]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561DFFA7A15CF90CFC68F353" box="[866,1010,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. granuliferum</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561DFFA7A615F90DFB0DF353" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1067,1175,1778,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Smokey Bay, South Australia (dorso-lateral view, with mouth left; 19 mm long; SAM K2176); cd,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561DFFA7A12FF8F2FC03F349" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[785,921,1804,1823]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hutchingsae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561DFFA7A12FF8F2FC03F349" box="[785,921,1804,1823]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. hutchingsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561DFFA7A1A1F8F2FC7CF376" box="[927,998,1805,1824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Split Solitary I, New South Wales (20 mm long; holotype AM J24107); c, dorso-lateral view; d, 10 tentacles, with 2 small ventral ones bottom; e,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561DFFA7A625F8D8FBE4F36F" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[1051,1150,1830,1849]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561DFFA7A625F8D8FBE4F36F" box="[1051,1150,1830,1849]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. karenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561DFFA7A6BBF8D8FB54F36C" box="[1157,1230,1831,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Adelaide (lateral view, mouth left; 20 mm long; paratype SAM K2185); f,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561DFFA7A060F8BEFD7BF302" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[606,737,1857,1876]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laperousazi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561DFFA7A060F8BEFD7BF302" box="[606,737,1857,1876]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. laperousazi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561DFFA7A0D8F8BEFCB6F302" box="[742,812,1857,1876]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, DEntrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania (dorso-lateral view, mouth right; 18 mm long; paratype SAM K2339).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2A6657561EFFA4A2B2F90DFF59F338" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065026" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065026" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065026/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[140,199,1778,1797]" targetBox="[148,1432,239,1690]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561EFFA4A2B2F90DFF59F338" blockId="6.[140,1441,1778,1902]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Figure 3. Photos of preserved specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561EFFA4A020F90DFD64F353" authority="Ludwig, 1886" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1886" box="[542,766,1778,1797]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561EFFA4A020F90DFDE1F353" box="[542,635,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Psolidium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561EFFA4A0BFF90DFD64F353" author="Ludwig, H." box="[641,766,1778,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref14680" refString="Ludwig, H. 1886. Die von G. Chierchia auf der Fahrt der Kgl. Italianische Corvette Vettor Pisani gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbucher 2: 1 - 36, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1886">Ludwig, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(by L. Altoff): a,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561EFFA4A19BF90CFB96F353" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[933,1036,1778,1797]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marshae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561EFFA4A19BF90CFB96F353" box="[933,1036,1778,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. marshae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561EFFA4A62DF90CFBC0F350" box="[1043,1114,1779,1798]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, Geographe Bay, Western Australia (dorsal view; 8 mm long; holotype WAM Z31173); b,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561EFFA4A056F8F2FD74F349" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[616,750,1804,1823]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mccallumae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561EFFA4A056F8F2FD74F349" box="[616,750,1804,1823]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. mccallumae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561EFFA4A0CDF8F2FCA3F376" box="[755,825,1805,1824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, slope off Point Cloates, Western Australia (lateral view; 7 mm long; holotype NMV F126891); cd,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561EFFA4A396F8D8FD5CF36C" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[424,710,1830,1850]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561EFFA4A396F8D8FDBAF36F" box="[424,544,1831,1849]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. nigrescens</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561EFFA4A064F8D9FD5CF36C" author="Clark, H. L." box="[602,710,1830,1850]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Gunnamatta Bay, New South Wales (40 mm long; AM J6821); c, lateral view; d, ventral view (sole); ef,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561EFFA4A358F8BEFDC1F302" authority="(Sluiter, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[358,603,1857,1876]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parmatus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561EFFA4A358F8BEFE4CF305" box="[358,470,1857,1875]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. parmatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561EFFA4A3DCF8BEFDCCF302" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[482,598,1857,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref16022" refString="Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Die Holothurien der Siboga - Expedition. Siboga - Expeditie 44: 1 - 142, 10 pls. Buchhandlung en Druckerei v. E. J. Brill: Leiden." type="book chapter" year="1901">Sluiter, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, Adele slope, Western Australia (9 mm long; NMV F151835); e, lateral view; f, ventral view (sole).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2A6657561FFFA5A2ADFB4BFB34F0AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8065028" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8065028" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8065028/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[147,207,1204,1223]" targetBox="[157,1440,225,1186]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561FFFA5A2ADFB4BFB34F0AA" blockId="7.[147,1447,1204,1276]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figure 4. a,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A2C1FB4AFDAFF091" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[255,565,1204,1224]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinuliferus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A2C1FB4AFE18F091" box="[255,386,1204,1223]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. spinuliferus</emphasis>
(H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A3FDFB4BFDB5F091" author="Clark, H. L." box="[451,559,1204,1223]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, Darwin (lateral view; 10 mm long; AM J24096; photo by L. Altoff); b, generalised form of radial (left) and interradial plates of the calcareous ring of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A050FB31FC88F0B7" box="[622,786,1230,1249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A050FB31FD51F0B7" box="[622,715,1230,1249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(drawing by M. OLoughlin); cd, drawings of sole showing distribution of tube feet (by D. Maric); c,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A3A5FB16FD4BF0AA" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[411,721,1256,1276]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A3A5FB16FDB6F0AD" box="[411,556,1256,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. granuliferum</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A058FB17FD4BF0AA" author="Clark, H. L." box="[614,721,1256,1276]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(SAM K2176); d,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A149FB16FC43F0AD" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[887,985,1256,1275]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A149FB16FC43F0AD" box="[887,985,1256,1275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. karenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561FFFA5A1E1FB16FBBEF0AA" box="[991,1060,1257,1276]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(SAM K2188).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561FFFA5A287FA93FD72F1AF" blockId="7.[147,778,1388,1529]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tentacle ossicles: rods variably perforated, thick to thin, long to short, straight or bent, flat or curved; dendritic tentacle branch endplates are small, irregular in shape, cupped, with a few large perforations and irregular margin; perforated plates may be present; densely branched rosettes may be present.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6554561FFFA5A2ADF9EEFDE3F270" box="[147,633,1552,1574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561FFFA5A2ADF9EEFDE3F270" blockId="7.[147,633,1552,1574]" box="[147,633,1552,1574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A2ADF9EEFE83F270" box="[147,281,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<typeStatus id="54EE887D561FFFA5A2ADF9EEFF58F270" box="[147,194,1553,1574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A321F9EFFDEFF270" authority="Ludwig, 1886" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1886" box="[287,629,1552,1574]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dorsipes">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A321F9EFFE78F273" box="[287,482,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidium dorsipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A3D6F9EFFDEFF270" author="Ludwig, H." box="[488,629,1552,1574]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref14680" refString="Ludwig, H. 1886. Die von G. Chierchia auf der Fahrt der Kgl. Italianische Corvette Vettor Pisani gesammelten Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbucher 2: 1 - 36, 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1886">Ludwig, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6554561FFFA5A2ADF9C2FD86F2BF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561FFFA5A2ADF9C2FD86F2BF" blockId="7.[147,779,1597,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A2ADF9C2FED2F204" box="[147,328,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Australianspecies</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A36CF9C2FD81F204" box="[338,539,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidiumberentsae</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561FFFA5A020F9C1FDF2F205" box="[542,616,1598,1619]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A04EF9C1FED2F226" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="granuliferum">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A04EF9C1FC90F204" box="[624,778,1597,1619]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P.granuliferum</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A2F1F9A4FED2F226" author="Clark, H. L." box="[207,328,1627,1649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A36DF9A3FE7FF226" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[339,485,1627,1649]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hutchingsae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A36DF9A3FE7FF226" box="[339,485,1627,1649]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. hutchingsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561FFFA5A3D2F9A4FDA6F226" box="[492,572,1627,1648]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A078F9A3FD2AF226" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[582,688,1627,1649]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A078F9A3FD2AF226" box="[582,688,1627,1649]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. karenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561FFFA5A088F9A4FC9FF226" box="[694,773,1627,1648]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A2ADF986FEBBF2D8" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[147,289,1657,1678]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laperousazi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A2ADF986FEBBF2D8" box="[147,289,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. laperousazi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561FFFA5A316F986FEECF2D8" box="[296,374,1657,1678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A3BDF986FE68F2D8" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[387,498,1657,1678]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="marshae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A3BDF986FE68F2D8" box="[387,498,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. marshae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561FFFA5A3C7F986FDD0F2D8" box="[505,586,1657,1678]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A06AF986FD7CF2D8" authority="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn, 2008" authorityName="OLoughlin &amp; Ahearn" authorityYear="2008" box="[596,742,1657,1678]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mccallumae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A06AF986FD7CF2D8" box="[596,742,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. mccallumae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257B6561FFFA5A0D3F986FF5BF2FA" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A2F4F968FE67F2FB" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[202,509,1687,1709]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A2F4F968FEA8F2FA" box="[202,306,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. minutus</emphasis>
(H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A342F968FE6CF2FB" author="Clark, H. L." box="[380,502,1687,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A036F968FF5DF29C" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A036F968FD10F2FA" box="[520,650,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. nigrescens</emphasis>
H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A0F2F968FF5DF29C" author="Clark, H. L." pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A2E8F94AFE68F29D" authority="(Sluiter, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Sluiter" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[214,498,1717,1739]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parmatus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A2E8F94AFECBF29C" box="[214,337,1717,1738]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. parmatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A35FF94AFE70F29D" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[353,490,1717,1739]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref16022" refString="Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Die Holothurien der Siboga - Expedition. Siboga - Expeditie 44: 1 - 142, 10 pls. Buchhandlung en Druckerei v. E. J. Brill: Leiden." type="book chapter" year="1901">Sluiter, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A3C1F94AFC9CF29C" authority="Hickman, 1962" authorityName="Hickman" authorityYear="1962" box="[511,774,1716,1739]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ravum">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A3C1F94AFDC6F29C" box="[511,604,1717,1738]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. ravum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A058F94AFC9CF29C" author="Hickman, V. V." box="[614,774,1716,1739]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="49 - 72" refId="ref14544" refString="Hickman, V. V. 1962. Tasmanian sea-cucumbers (Holothuroidea). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 96: 49 - 72, 2 pls, 186 figs." type="book chapter" year="1962">Hickman, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A280F92CFD82F2BF" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1938)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[190,536,1746,1769]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinuliferus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A280F92CFED6F2B1" box="[190,332,1746,1768]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. spinuliferus</emphasis>
(H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A3A8F92DFD8AF2BF" author="Clark, H. L." box="[406,528,1746,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark, 1938</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6554561FFFA5A2ADF900FB1EF338" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561FFFA5A2ADF900FA98F1EA" blockId="7.[147,779,1791,1903]" lastBlockId="7.[817,1449,1388,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A2ADF900FF76F342" box="[147,236,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks</emphasis>
. The descriptive term “thorn” ossicles is used for the body wall ossicles in the form of irregular short branched rods that are pointed distally. They occur in
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A011F8C4FE9EF339" authority="H. L. Clark" authorityName="H. L. Clark" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nigrescens">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A011F8C4FC90F307" box="[559,778,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidium nigrescens</emphasis>
H. L. Clark
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A30DF8A5FD2CF339" authority="Sluiter. H. L. Clark (1938)" authorityName="Sluiter. H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[307,694,1881,1903]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parmatus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A30DF8A5FE34F339" box="[307,430,1882,1903]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. parmatus</emphasis>
Sluiter. H. L.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A006F8A6FD2CF339" author="Clark, H. L." box="[568,694,1881,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref14009" refString="Clark, H. L. 1938. Echinoderms fromAustralia. An account of collections made in 1929 and 1932. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 55: 1 - 596, 28 pls, 63 figs." type="book chapter" year="1938">Clark (1938)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
referred to them as “triradiate particles/spicules”.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A6EDFA93FAC0F1D4" author="Sluiter, C. P." box="[1235,1370,1388,1410]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 142" refId="ref16022" refString="Sluiter, C. P. 1901. Die Holothurien der Siboga - Expedition. Siboga - Expeditie 44: 1 - 142, 10 pls. Buchhandlung en Druckerei v. E. J. Brill: Leiden." type="book chapter" year="1901">Sluiter (1901)</bibRefCitation>
did not report their presence. The
<typeStatus id="54EE887D561FFFA5A67FFA76FBF7F1C8" box="[1089,1133,1417,1438]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A6AFFA76FA95F1C8" authorityName="Sluiter. H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[1169,1295,1417,1438]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parmatus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A6AFFA76FA95F1C8" box="[1169,1295,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. parmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was examined by one of us (PMO), and their presence noted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561FFFA5A169FA3CFB7CF2F2" blockId="7.[817,1449,1388,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A169FA3CFB1EF18F" author="Pawson, D. L. &amp; Valentine, J. F." box="[855,1156,1475,1497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="450 - 54" refId="ref15693" refString="Pawson, D. L. and Valentine, J. F. 1981. Psolidium prostratum, new species, from off the east coast of the USA. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94 (2): 450 - 54." type="journal article" year="1981">Pawson and Valentine (1981)</bibRefCitation>
reported that their Atlantic species
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A1BAFA1FFBFDF1A3" authorityName="Pawson &amp; Valentine" authorityYear="1981" box="[900,1127,1504,1525]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="prostratum">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A1BAFA1FFBFDF1A3" box="[900,1127,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidium prostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacked endplates in the dorsal tube feet.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B2E561FFFA5A1A9FA02FBA3F245" author="Thandar, A. S." box="[919,1081,1533,1555]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref16108" refString="Thandar, A. S. 2006. New species and new records of dendrochirotid and dactylochirotid holothuroids (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from off the east coast of South Africa. Zootaxa 1245: 1 - 51." type="journal article" year="2006">Thandar (2006)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A697FA02FAF5F244" authorityName="Thandar" authorityYear="2006" box="[1193,1391,1533,1554]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="multipes">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A697FA02FAF5F244" box="[1193,1391,1533,1554]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidium multipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F342764F561FFFA5A10FF9E5FC27F266" box="[817,957,1562,1584]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, and among characteristic
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A6DDF9E5FAD1F279" box="[1251,1355,1562,1583]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A6DDF9E5FAD1F279" box="[1251,1355,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
features reported that the sole was not distinct from the dorsum, the ventral tube feet were in radial series, and there were multi-layered ossicles in the sole. These characters are atypical of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A10FF971FC03F2F5" box="[817,921,1678,1699]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A10FF971FC03F2F5" box="[817,921,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but may indicate juvenile form.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA36DF561FFFA5A169F954FB1EF338" blockId="7.[817,1449,1388,1903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
The Australian species of
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A643F954FB7FF296" box="[1149,1253,1707,1728]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A643F954FB7FF296" box="[1149,1253,1707,1728]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished from each other in the key. The key indicates three morphological groupings of Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A6F5F91AFA12F2AD" box="[1227,1416,1765,1787]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A6F5F91AFAA9F2AC" box="[1227,1331,1765,1786]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Psolidium</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A7ADF919FC09F34E" authorityName="Sluiter. H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="parmatus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A7ADF919FC09F34E" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. parmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A1F5F8FCFBF9F341" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1938" box="[971,1123,1794,1816]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spinuliferus">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A1F5F8FCFBF9F341" box="[971,1123,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. spinuliferus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and with their vertical pillars/ spires on dorsal and lateral scales; species with cupped crosses and cups (as for the
<typeStatus id="54EE887D561FFFA5A62DF8C3FBDAF307" box="[1043,1088,1852,1873]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C554D5C561FFFA5A69EF8C2FA8EF307" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1886" box="[1184,1300,1852,1874]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Psolidae" genus="Psolidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dorsipes">
<emphasis id="B921EACD561FFFA5A69EF8C2FA8EF307" box="[1184,1300,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">P. dorsipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and species lacking cupped crosses and cups.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>