183 lines
19 KiB
XML
183 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="4BCF752D546DF6A07A1585B07755E2D4" ID-CLB-Dataset="21232" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c4d067fa-4c56-4248-8084-caf4dd1eea21" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3993611" ID-ZooBank="3540218C-34FA-4D91-925A-3E89C6C3A7C1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597950731833" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Venugopal, Akhil S. & Thomas, Sabu K." docDate="2019" docId="03FB8782FFF477534AFEF8A23784FDB1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4608.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4608 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pheropsophus nigricollis Arrow 1901" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FFC2FFFAFFF8775E4A69FFAD3561FE32" masterDocTitle="Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1698845024281" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BE6AB1A5314FE140D9CA05E618A24D28">Bombardier beetles of the genus Pheropsophus Solier 1833 (Carabidae: Brachininae: Brachinini) from Indian subcontinent</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2785FDFF6F1726B7AAC91074B8086E05">Venugopal, Akhil S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4B3FEFA845B7666C4AF9426E328ABEAC">Thomas, Sabu K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E595E21E700A55A451BABABB167E90B6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="221B422500E0F91C666FD3E7CED53AA9">
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<mods:date id="2A315B5654E2AFCACEC7A521FF79C55D">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="53C27175B6DFA142F916CF0AC5A5CB2F">2019-05-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A4076935F3E0AE46D46EA572139B4BAD">4608</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="53FC72ACFAB5B14B07606A61F6B1C33E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4608.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FB8782FFF477534AFEF8A23784FDB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335153" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167284782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335153" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFF477534AFEF8A23784FDB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB8782FFF477534AFEF8A23784FDB1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF477524AFEF8A23715F91B" box="[151,628,1807,1834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AFEF8A23715F91B" blockId="12.[151,628,1807,1870]" box="[151,628,1807,1834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<heading id="D0A581F8FFF477524AFEF8A23715F91B" bold="true" box="[151,628,1807,1834]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFF477524AFEF8A23715F91B" ID-CoL="778JF" authority="ARROW, 1901" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,628,1807,1834]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AFEF8A23715F91B" bold="true" box="[151,628,1807,1834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AFEF8A234A4F918" bold="true" box="[151,453,1807,1834]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Pheropsophus nigricollis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF477524BA2F8A23715F91B" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[459,628,1807,1833]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref18260" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1901) The Carabid genus Pheropsophus: Notes and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1901">ARROW, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF477524AFEF89E3467F97C" box="[151,262,1843,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AFEF89E3467F97C" blockId="12.[151,628,1807,1870]" box="[151,262,1843,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
|
||
(
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<figureCitation id="13692A11FFF477524AC9F89E359FF97C" box="[160,254,1843,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1867,1892]" captionTargetBox="[220,1413,191,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[204,1425,179,1827]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal habitus of Pheropsophus from India (cont.)–A) Pheropsophus lissoderus (Holotype, ‘Tibet’, MNHN), B) P. nanodes (Verified specimen, ‘S.E.Tibet’, BMNH), C) P. picicollis (Syntype, ‘Siam (now Thailand)’ MNHN), D) P. nigricollis (Holotype, ‘Bangalore’, BMNH), E) P. occipitalis (Verified specimen, ‘China’, BMNH), F) P. prophylax (Holotype, ‘Manipur’, BMNH), G) P. scythropus (Holotype, ‘Gopaldhara’, BMNH), H) P. scythropus dissolutus (‘Laos’, BMNH)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3993615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3993615/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Fig. 2 D</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF477524AFEF8DA3471F9C5" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AFEF8DA36CFF9BD" blockId="12.[151,942,1911,1936]" box="[151,942,1911,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4211BAFFF477524AFEF8DA36CFF9BD" box="[151,942,1911,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFF477524AFEF8DA3730F9BD" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[151,593,1911,1936]" page="203" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" year="1901">
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFF477524AFEF8DA3730F9BD" ID-CoL="778JF" authority="Arrow, 1901: 203" authorityName="Arrow" authorityPageNumber="203" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,593,1911,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AFEF8DA34F7F9BD" box="[151,406,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Pheropsophus nigricollis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF477524BF2F8D53730F9BD" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[411,593,1911,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref18260" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1901) The Carabid genus Pheropsophus: Notes and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1901">Arrow, 1901: 203</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFF477524833F8DA3657F9BD" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[602,822,1911,1936]" page="198" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" year="1919">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF477524833F8DA3657F9BD" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[602,822,1911,1936]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" pagination="119 - 217" refId="ref17745" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1919) On the types of Oriental Carabidae in the British Museum and in the Hope Department of the Oxford University Museum. Transactions of Entomological Society of London, 1919, 119 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1919. tb 00006. x" type="journal article" year="1919">Andrewes, 1919: 198</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF31085FFF477524928F8DA36CBF9BD" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[833,938,1911,1935]" page="274" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF477524928F8DA36CBF9BD" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[833,938,1911,1935]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">1930: 274</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF477524AFEF8153471F9C5" blockId="12.[151,1436,1976,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF477524AFEF81534B8F9E1" bold="true" box="[151,473,1976,2003]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Specimens examined (n=7)</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CC9FFF477524B80F8153471F9C5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846550324" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54E98836FFF477524B80F8153735F9E0" box="[489,596,1976,2002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, labelled “
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<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFF4775248A7F815315BF9E1" ID-CoL="778JF" authority="Arrow" authorityName="Arrow" authorityYear="1901" box="[718,1082,1976,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricollis">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF4775248A7F8153688F9E0" box="[718,1001,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">Pheropsophus nigricollis</emphasis>
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Arrow
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</taxonomicName>
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, type, Bangalore. 85 52.”, type in
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<collectionCode id="ED43AE51FFF477524ADDF870346DF9C5" box="[180,268,2013,2039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="77">BMNH</collectionCode>
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||
;
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF577534AAEFF3431F1FD0E" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF577534AAEFF3437F8FEE5" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">
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Other specimens examined:
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<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CC9FFF57753486CFF3430E2FE81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846550305" box="[517,1411,153,179]" collectingDate="2016-02-28" collectorName="S. V. Akhil & Hand Picking" country="India" location="Ettimadai" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
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<specimenCount id="9D54FD1DFFF57753486CFF343728FE81" box="[517,585,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" type="generic">3 exs.</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFF57753483DFF3437F3FE81" box="[596,658,153,179]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">India</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFF5775348F5FF343644FE81" box="[668,805,153,179]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
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:
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<location id="8E8D604FFFF577534946FF3436FEFE81" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFF477534AFEF8A23784FDB1:8E8D604FFFF577534946FF3436FEFE81" box="[815,927,153,179]" country="India" name="Ettimadai" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Ettimadai</location>
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,
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<date id="FFEC1054FFF5775349C3FF343140FE81" box="[938,1057,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" value="2016-02-28">
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<collectingDate id="EFA8E9BCFFF5775349C3FF343140FE81" box="[938,1057,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" value="2016-02-28">28.II.2016</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="26A75342FFF577534E0CFF3431BDFE81" box="[1125,1244,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">S.V. Akhil</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26A75342FFF577534E8FFF3430E2FE81" box="[1254,1411,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Hand Picking</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B3A3CC9FFF577534FE7FF3437F8FEE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846550361" collectionCode="TNAU" country="India" location="Coimbatore" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" specimenCount="3" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">
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<specimenCount id="9D54FD1DFFF577534FE7FF3435A7FEE5" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" type="generic">3 exs.</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFF577534ABBFF103471FEE5" box="[210,272,189,215]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">India</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFF577534B70FF1034C3FEE5" box="[281,418,189,215]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
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||
:
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<location id="8E8D604FFFF577534BC4FF103750FEE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FB8782FFF477534AFEF8A23784FDB1:8E8D604FFFF577534BC4FF103750FEE5" box="[429,561,189,215]" country="India" name="Coimbatore" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Coimbatore</location>
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||
(
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<collectionCode id="ED43AE51FFF577534856FF1037F1FEE5" box="[575,656,189,215]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu Agricultural University" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">TNAU</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF577534AAEFF4D3700FEC9" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,899]" box="[199,609,224,251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF577534AAEFF4D3438FEC9" bold="true" box="[199,345,224,251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Description.</emphasis>
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Length: 15.0–16.0 mm
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF577534AAEFEA9315DFFC5" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF577534AAEFEA93445FF2D" bold="true" box="[199,292,260,287]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Colour:</emphasis>
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Pitch black; very bright; head brownish yellow except the mid line; epistome reddish brown; first four antennal segments reddish yellow with reddish brown rings on their posterior end, segments 5–11 reddish brown, pronotum completely black; elytra black with pale yellow humeral spots and median bands; legs with coxa, trochanter, femur, tibia reddish yellow and tarsi dark reddish brown; apex of femur without black spot; palpi, labial and maxillary, with last two segments reddish brown and apex reddish yellow; mentum and submentum reddish yellow with a black spot on each lateral tooth of the mentum; ventral side of head completely reddish yellow; prosternum, mesosternum and abdomen black; metasternum and metepisternum reddish yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF577534AAEFDAC342FFC0D" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF577534AAEFDAC3471FC29" bold="true" box="[199,272,513,539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Head:</emphasis>
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Narrower than pronotum; spear shaped mark on the head extending from behind the eyes to the clypeus; eyes protruding.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF577534AAEFDE4302BFCB5" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF577534AAEFDE43428FC51" bold="true" box="[199,329,585,611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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Longer than broad, disc with apical margin straight, basal margin bisinuate, disc convex, sparsely punctuate; lateral margin of basal half parallel and that of apical half convex; with pronounced lateral bead.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF577534AAEFD3C36E4FCC1" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF577534AAEFD3C347CFC99" bold="true" box="[199,285,657,683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Elytra:</emphasis>
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Broad, wider towards apex, lateral sides curved; humerus distinct, humeral spot small and rounded; median transverse band wide, rounded and reaching the suture and the lateral edges; yellow apical band very fine and narrow; striations deep, wide and rounded, intervals flat, wide.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF577534AAEFD5131F1FD0E" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF577534AAEFD513762FD25" bold="true" box="[199,515,764,791]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F3457604FFF577534860FD50373CFD25" box="[521,605,765,791]" name="India" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFF57753480CFD5037BCFD25" box="[613,733,765,791]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
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: Bangalore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF57753490FFD503690FD25" author="Arrow, G. J." box="[870,1009,765,791]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref18260" refString="Arrow, G. J. (1901) The Carabid genus Pheropsophus: Notes and descriptions of new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1901, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="1901">Arrow 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Chikkaballapura, Manganale, Shivamogga (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC34B65FFF577534A9BFC8C34C9FD09" author="Andrewes, H. E." box="[242,424,801,827]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" refId="ref18200" refString="Andrewes, H. E. (1930) Catalogue of Indian Insects. Part 18. Carabidae. Government of India Central Publication Branch, Calcutta, xxi + 389 pp." type="book" year="1930">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4996F876FFF577534BD5FC8C3724FD09" box="[444,581,801,827]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Ettimadai (New record), Coimbatore (New record).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C348651FFFF577534AAEFCE83784FDB1" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BED3694FFF577534AAEFCE83784FDB1" blockId="13.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF577534AAEFCE8345AFD6D" bold="true" box="[199,315,837,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Very close to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C524D17FFF577534BB2FCEB371EFD6D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[475,639,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Pheropsophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="78" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B926EA86FFF577534BB2FCEB371EFD6D" box="[475,639,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="78">P. bimaculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but differs by narrow head and pronotum, pronotum entirely black and presence of spear shaped black spot on the forehead.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |