treatments-xml/data/03/FA/86/03FA864EFFA92F5FFF1AFCCFFC13FEAD.xml

<document id="CF7429BDAA08E608A368AEE45DCC1BA6" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217474" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1722603694281" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Masson, Didier, Magain, Nicolas &amp; Sérusiaux, Emmanuël" docDate="2024" docId="03FA864EFFA92F5FFF1AFCCFFC13FEAD" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.657.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 657 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.657.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Parmotrema intonsum D. M. Masson, Magain &amp; Serus., sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FFC3FE36FF982F6AFF92FF84FF9FFFE4" masterDocTitle="Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1726075871790" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="28C06D988BA7FA4CBABF3097116B6D6C">Small island but great diversity: thirty six species of Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), including sixteen new species, on Réunion (Mascarenes), with additional data from the Western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C16799D0570989D320F6090D74C5BC39">Masson, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F95D4DC882B7CC52494016DCECD4D075">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CDA782EA0A55404A37D173BFC9DA8E93">Magain, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5E4C83CF8EA722517FD55F5B810AA7D3">Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium nicolas. magain @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5409 - 9518</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CF50BACFC0CCC6C0B766FF9B64F1A4DF">Sérusiaux, Emmanuël</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F5428963DD203157A8B77ACFD6549B8E">Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472 &amp; Evolution and Conservation Biology, InBios research centre, Sart Tilman B 22, Quartier Vallée 1, Chemin de la vallée 4, B- 4000 Liège, Belgium e. serusiaux @ uliege. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0456 - 0131 * Corresponding author &amp; Vertevoye, 2860 route d’Irieu, F- 40390 Saint-Martin-de-Seignanx, France di. masson @ wanadoo. fr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3340 - 5472</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFA92F5BFF1AFCCFFBFBFC81" box="[136,1124,842,869]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA92F5BFF1AFCCFFBFBFC81" blockId="49.[136,1452,842,1120]" box="[136,1124,842,869]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="D0A48034FFA92F5BFF1AFCCFFBFBFC81" box="[136,1124,842,869]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFF1AFCCFFD63FC80" authority="D.M. Masson, Magain &amp; Serus." authorityName="D. M. Masson, Magain &amp; Serus." box="[136,764,842,869]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFF1AFCCFFE12FC80" bold="true" box="[136,397,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Parmotrema intonsum</emphasis>
D.M. Masson, Magain &amp; Sérus.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFC95FCCFFCC3FC80" box="[775,860,843,868]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2145631FFA92F5BFC95FCCFFCC3FC80" box="[775,860,843,868]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
MycoBank no. 853869
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFF1AFCF6FF6EFC6C" bold="true" box="[136,241,882,904]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFEE4FCF7FD19FC6C" authority="(Mont.) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Mont." box="[374,646,882,904]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFEE4FCF7FD9DFC63" box="[374,514,882,904]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">P. melanothrix</emphasis>
(Mont.) Hale
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of granular isidia and/or laciniae, the larger ascospores and shorter conidia, and by the presence of protolichesterinic and lichesterinic acids in the medulla.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA92F5BFF1AFC3EFC73FBF3" blockId="49.[136,1452,842,1120]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFF1AFC3EFF7AFC2B" bold="true" box="[136,229,954,975]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFA92F5BFF1AFC3EFF7AFC2B" box="[136,229,954,975]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFA92F5BFE90FC3EFEF9FC2B" box="[258,358,954,975]" name="France" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFA92F5BFEE0FC3EFE58FC34" box="[370,455,954,976]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: Saint-Denis, Roche Écrite trail, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFCD5FC3EFC0AFC2B" box="[839,917,954,975]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFA92F5BFC33FC3EFB8AFC34" box="[929,1045,954,976]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="14" value="-20.95389">20°57’14”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFA92F5BFBB0FC3EFB08FC34" box="[1058,1175,954,976]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="15" value="55.4375">55°26’15”E</geoCoordinate>
, at the edge of a windward montane rainforest and a 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFE27FC5AFD14FC17" box="[437,651,990,1011]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cryptomeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE27FC5AFD14FC17" box="[437,651,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cryptomeria japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plantation, in an overall NW orientation, on the bark of an old 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFB67FC5AFA33FC17" box="[1269,1452,990,1011]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reunionensis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFB67FC5AFA33FC17" box="[1269,1452,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Erica reunionensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trunk, 
<date id="FFED1198FFA92F5BFF6EFB86FE09FBFC" box="[252,406,1026,1048]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2015-08-20">20 August 2015</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE32FB87FDF7FBF3" box="[416,616,1026,1048]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">D. Masson 974.4745</emphasis>
(MNHN-PC-PC0088072; 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFA92F5BFCF9FB86FC2BFBFC" box="[875,948,1026,1048]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
: LG).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA92F5BFF1AFBA2FC46FBD8" blockId="49.[136,1452,842,1120]" box="[136,985,1062,1084]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
GenBank accession numbers: ITS (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFA92F5BFE49FBA2FE67FBDF" box="[475,504,1062,1083]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PP</collectionCode>
840423), mtSSU (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFA92F5BFD37FBA2FD5DFBD8" box="[677,706,1062,1084]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PP</collectionCode>
842559), EF1-α (
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFA92F5BFCF4FBA2FC1CFBD8" box="[870,899,1062,1084]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">PP</collectionCode>
852822).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA92F5BFF1AFBC2FF74FB84" blockId="49.[136,1452,842,1120]" box="[136,235,1094,1120]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
(
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA92F5BFF02FBC2FF7DFB84" box="[144,226,1094,1120]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-56@50.[150,1435,320,1839]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 21. Parmotrema intonsum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); D: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.0359); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFA92F58FF1AFB0AFF6AFEE4" blockId="49.[136,1452,1166,2093]" lastBlockId="50.[136,1451,158,257]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFF1AFB0AFF43FB4C" box="[136,220,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Thallus</emphasis>
foliose, loosely to moderately adnate, membranaceous, up to 12 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFC77FB0AFBAEFB4D" box="[997,1073,1166,1193]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFBAFFB0AFB1FFB4C" box="[1085,1152,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lobes</emphasis>
irregular, imbricate, 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFAE1FB0AFF2BFB29" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="9.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="3.0">3–15 mm</quantity>
wide, irregularly wrinkled, often concave, with margins undulated, dentate or lacerate to laciniate, rarely lobulate, ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA92F5BFF4DFB52FED7FB14" box="[223,328,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-56@50.[150,1435,320,1839]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 21. Parmotrema intonsum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); D: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.0359); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21E</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFECCFB52FE09FB14" box="[350,406,1238,1264]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Cilia</emphasis>
conspicuous, black, rarely with coppery glints (pigments), dense and ± evenly distributed at the lobe margins, also present at the margin of lobules and phyllidia and at the tip of isidia, sometimes laminal, simple, rarely 1–2(3) times branched, ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFDC8FA9AFD62FADD" box="[602,765,1310,1337]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.08 mm</quantity>
in diameter at the base, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFBDFFA9BFB11FADD" box="[1101,1166,1311,1337]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFB47FA9BFAEAFADC" box="[1237,1397,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Upper surface</emphasis>
pale yellowish grey centrally, more greenish towards the periphery, mat, glossier towards lobe tips, ± distinctly punctiform white-maculate, maculae more conspicuous on the laciniae and near apothecia, smooth to rugose, sometimes slightly granulate, very rarely cracked, generally isidiate, lacking schizidia, pustules, dactyls, soralia. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFB16FA0EFB5BFA40" box="[1156,1220,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Isidia</emphasis>
mainly marginal and submarginal, occasionally also laminal, very often apically ciliate (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA92F5BFCFDFA2AFC4AFA2C" box="[879,981,1454,1480]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-56@50.[150,1435,320,1839]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 21. Parmotrema intonsum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); D: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.0359); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
); mainly granular, more rarely cylindrical, sometimes developing into 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE2DFA56FDBCFA08" box="[447,547,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">phyllidia</emphasis>
, up to 3.5 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFD27FA56FD66FA09" box="[693,761,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, or into irregular coralloid-branched outgrowths, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFAF8FA56FA33FA09" box="[1386,1452,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
high; occasionally lacking in highly laciniate thalli. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFD54FA73FCB7F9F4" box="[710,808,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Laciniae</emphasis>
occasional, but may be abundant in some thalli, marginal, often repeatedly branched and brittle when developed, ciliate, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFC1CF99EFC4EF9D1" box="[910,977,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
long and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFBD1F99EFB1AF9D1" box="[1091,1157,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
wide (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA92F5BFB46F99EFAA1F9D0" box="[1236,1342,1562,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-56@50.[150,1435,320,1839]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 21. Parmotrema intonsum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); D: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.0359); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFAC1F99EFA33F9D0" box="[1363,1452,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lobules</emphasis>
occasional, marginal, rarely laminal, up to 3.5 × 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFD2FF9BAFC9BF9BD" box="[701,772,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFC83F9BAFCF1F9BC" box="[785,878,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Medulla</emphasis>
white throughout. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFBDEF9BBFB70F9BC" box="[1100,1263,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Lower surface</emphasis>
rugulose, rarely smooth, exceptionally reticulate, rather dull in the central part, shiny in the periphery, black to the margin, or with a buff or chestnut brown erhizinate marginal zone (ca. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFD40F902FCB1F945" box="[722,814,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="1.0">1–9 mm</quantity>
wide) at main lobe tips, the margin of the isidiate lobes is most often ivory or ivory-mottled over a width of 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFD20F92EFCBAF921" box="[690,805,1706,1733]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="2.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–5 mm</quantity>
, underside of the laciniae ivory or ivory-mottled. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFADEF92EFA34F920" box="[1356,1451,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Rhizines</emphasis>
in ± scattered clusters, concolor to the lower surface, simple, rarely 1–2 times branched, heterogeneous in size, up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFF1AF976FF56F8E9" box="[136,201,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE9DF976FE1EF8E8" box="[271,385,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Apothecia</emphasis>
rather rare (fertile thalli found in six localities out of twenty), submarginal, stipitate on swollen stipes (up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFE8DF892FEFCF8D5" box="[287,355,1814,1841]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in diameter), up to 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFA92F5BFDD9F892FD03F8D5" box="[587,668,1814,1841]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
in diameter; disc imperforate, orange brown, ± glossy, concave and smooth at first (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA92F5BFEAFF8BEFE39F8B0" box="[317,422,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-56@50.[150,1435,320,1839]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 21. Parmotrema intonsum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); D: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.0359); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
), flattening and ± rugose with age; margin crenate, generally early isidiate and ciliate, and developing irregular, ± branched and ciliate outgrowths with age (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFA92F5BFCE1F8DAFC45F89C" box="[883,986,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-56@50.[150,1435,320,1839]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 21. Parmotrema intonsum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); D: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.0359); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 21C</figureCitation>
); amphithecium maculate, rugose-striate; hymenium s. lat. (105)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE0AF806FE48F878" box="[408,471,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">121.1</emphasis>
–(140) µm high, proper exciple with hyaline layer (6)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFBDAF806FBF4F878" box="[1096,1131,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">9.4</emphasis>
–(12) µm high, intermediate layer (6)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFF66F822FE88F824" box="[244,279,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">8.8</emphasis>
–(13) µm high, cortex-like basal layer (12)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFD6AF822FCB6F824" box="[760,809,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">18.1</emphasis>
–(26) µm high. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFC46F823FBCCF825" box="[980,1107,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ascospores</emphasis>
8 per ascus, simple, colourless, broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal, (21)23– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFDC6F84EFD1AF800" box="[596,645,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">27.0</emphasis>
–31(33) × (12)13.5– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFCF5F84EFC07F800" box="[871,920,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">15.6</emphasis>
–17.5(18) µm, Q = (1.33)1.42– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFB63F84EFABDF800" box="[1265,1314,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">1.74</emphasis>
–2.06(2.20), epispore (2)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE8DF86AFEDDF7EC" box="[287,322,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">3.0</emphasis>
–(4) µm thick, n = 120, from 4 thalli, mean values for each thallus: 25.6 × 15.6, 27.2 × 15.6, 27.2 × 16.0, 28.0 × 15.2 µm. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFE3AF796FD93F7C8" box="[424,524,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pycnidia</emphasis>
frequent, submarginal towards lobe apices, black. 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFA92F5BFBC5F796FB2EF7C8" box="[1111,1201,2066,2092]" class="Arthoniomycetes" family="Arthoniaceae" genus="Conidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Arthoniales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFA92F5BFBC5F796FB2EF7C8" box="[1111,1201,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Conidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subbacilliform 5–6 × ca. 1 µm. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FE91FF1BFE04FF5C" box="[259,411,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Upper cortex</emphasis>
palisade plectenchymatous, not fragile, (11)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FC3EFF1AFC42FF5C" box="[940,989,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">15.8</emphasis>
–(22) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FB0CFF1AFA80FF5C" box="[1182,1311,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Algal layer</emphasis>
continuous, (10)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FF57FF46FF69FF38" box="[197,246,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">17.6</emphasis>
–(24) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FE3EFF46FD96FF38" box="[428,521,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Medulla</emphasis>
(90)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FDDFFF46FD13FF38" box="[589,652,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">102.9</emphasis>
–(115) µm thick. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FCC2FF47FC7AFF38" box="[848,997,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Lower cortex</emphasis>
prosoplectenchymatous, (11)– 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FAACFF46FAE2FF38" box="[1342,1405,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">15.2–</emphasis>
(18) µm thick.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2C67D0FFAA2F58FF1AF8CCFD28F809" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" startId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" targetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" targetPageId="50" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAA2F58FF1AF8CCFD28F809" blockId="50.[136,1452,1864,2030]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FF1AF8CCFE96F8B9" bold="true" box="[136,265,1864,1886]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAA2F58FE9DF8CCFE7AF8B9" box="[271,485,1864,1885]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FE9DF8CCFE7AF8B9" box="[271,485,1864,1885]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Parmotrema intonsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FE62F8CCFD9EF8B9" bold="true" box="[496,513,1864,1885]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">A</emphasis>
: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FB80F8CCFBBDF8B9" bold="true" box="[1042,1058,1864,1885]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">B</emphasis>
: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAA2F58FC70F8E8FAAAF865" author="Rivas-Martinez, S. &amp; Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A." box="[994,1333,1900,1922]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 634" refId="ref129604" refString="Rivas-Martinez, S., Rivas-Saenz, S. &amp; Penas, A. (2011) Worldwide bioclimatic classification system. Global Geobotany 1: 1 - 634 + 4 maps." type="book chapter" year="2011">
Rivas-Martínez 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FBEDF8E8FB34F865" box="[1151,1195,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al</emphasis>
. 2011: 17–18
</bibRefCitation>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FADBF8E8FAC5F866" bold="true" box="[1353,1370,1900,1922]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C</emphasis>
: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FA01F814FA3BF841" bold="true" box="[1427,1444,1936,1957]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">D</emphasis>
: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FCC0F830FC63F82D" box="[850,1020,1972,1993]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Masson 974.0359</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAA2F58FB82F830FBBFF82D" bold="true" box="[1040,1056,1972,1993]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E</emphasis>
: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars: A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAB2F59FF2FFF1AFB80FEE4" blockId="51.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF2FFF1AFEA4FF5C" bold="true" box="[189,315,158,184]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Chemistry</emphasis>
:— 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FECDFF1BFD05FF5C" box="[351,666,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Spot tests and fluorescence</emphasis>
: upper cortex K+ yellow, UV−; medulla K−, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFAB2F59FB2FFF1AFB7DFF5C" box="[1213,1250,158,184]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C−</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFAB2F59FB60FF1AFAB4FF5C" box="[1266,1323,158,184]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">KC−</collectionCode>
, P−, UV−. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF1AFF46FE17FF38" box="[136,392,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Secondary metabolites</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFAB2F59FE0AFF46FE4CFF38" box="[408,467,194,220]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">TLC</collectionCode>
): upper cortex with atranorin and chloroatranorin; medulla with protolichesterinic acid (major) and lichesterinic acid (minor); ± 2 undetermined ciliary pigments: PV, P2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFAB2F59FF2FFE8EFE56FDC5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAB2F59FF2FFE8EFE19FEAC" blockId="51.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF2FFE8EFEA1FEC0" bold="true" box="[189,318,266,292]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Etymology</emphasis>
:—From the Latin 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FD81FE8FFDEFFEC0" box="[531,624,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">intonsus</emphasis>
: unshaven. The name refers to the shaggy appearance of the thalli due to the abundance of cilia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAB2F59FF2FFED6FE56FDC5" blockId="51.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF2FFED6FE68FE88" bold="true" box="[189,503,338,364]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
:—So far only known from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FCACFED6FC02FE88" box="[830,925,338,364]" name="Réunion" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Réunion</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FC4BFED6FBFDFE88" box="[985,1122,338,364]" name="Madagascar" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
. The oldest collections from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FF1AFEF2FF78FE74" box="[136,231,374,400]" name="Réunion" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Réunion</collectingCountry>
date to the nineteenth century. Since then, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FD49FEF3FC47FE74" box="[731,984,375,400]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FD49FEF3FC47FE74" box="[731,984,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmotrema intonsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found on this island at least in 21 localities in 18 UTM 1× 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAB2F59FE52FE1EFE68FE50" box="[448,503,410,436]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
grid cells (or 16 UTM 2× 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAB2F59FC8CFE1EFCC7FE50" box="[798,856,410,436]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
grid cells, 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFAB2F59FC44FE1EFBA0FE50" box="[982,1087,410,436]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-56@50.[150,1435,320,1839]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 21. Parmotrema intonsum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); D: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.0359); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
). These localities are distributed between 1240 and 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAB2F59FEF5FE3AFE5FFE3D" box="[359,448,446,473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1980.0">1980 m</quantity>
elev., mainly on the northern and eastern slopes of the Piton des Neiges massif. The specimen (belonging to the laciniate morphotype) collected in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FCD3FE66FC57FE18" box="[833,968,482,508]" name="Madagascar" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
was cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FBCDFE66FAA3FE18" author="des Abbayes, H." box="[1119,1340,482,508]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="81 - 121" refId="ref118844" refString="des Abbayes, H. (1961) Lichens recoltes a Madagascar et a la Reunion (mission H. des Abbayes, 1956). I. Introduction, II. Parmeliacees. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Serie B 10 (2): 81 - 121." type="journal article" year="1961">des Abbayes (1961)</bibRefCitation>
under the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FF5EFD82FE5DFDC4" box="[204,450,518,544]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF5EFD82FE5DFDC4" box="[204,450,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmelia melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34964D3FFAB2F5FFF2FFDAEFC13FEAD" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAB2F59FF2FFDAEFE39FC6D" blockId="51.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF2FFDAEFE83FDA0" bold="true" box="[189,284,554,580]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ecology</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FED2FDAFFDA1FDA0" box="[320,574,555,580]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FED2FDAFFDA1FDA0" box="[320,574,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmotrema intonsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a corticolous species, growing on various phorophytes (
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FB7FFDAFFAA4FDA1" box="[1261,1339,555,581]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FB7FFDAFFAA4FDA1" box="[1261,1339,555,581]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FADEFDAEFA3AFDA0" box="[1356,1445,554,580]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aphloiaceae" genus="Aphloia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Crossosomatales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FADEFDAEFA3AFDA0" box="[1356,1445,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Aphloia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FF1AFDCAFF6CFD8C" box="[136,243,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF1AFDCAFF6CFD8C" box="[136,243,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Dombeya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FE93FDCBFE56FD8C" box="[257,457,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FE93FDCBFEDDFD8C" box="[257,322,591,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Erica</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FEDFFDCBFE56FD8C" box="[333,457,591,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Hypericum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hypericum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FE45FDCBFDA3FD8C" box="[471,572,591,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Monimiaceae" genus="Monimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FE45FDCBFDA3FD8C" box="[471,572,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Monimia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FDD8FDCBFD6EFD8C" box="[586,753,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FDD8FDCBFD0FFD8C" box="[586,656,591,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Stilbaceae" genus="Nuxia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Nuxia</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FD09FDCAFD6EFD8C" box="[667,753,590,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Phylica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phylica</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FD6CFDCBFC16FD8C" box="[766,905,591,616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FD6CFDCBFC16FD8C" box="[766,905,591,616]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Weinmannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, etc.). On 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FC6CFDCAFBFFFD8C" box="[1022,1120,590,616]" name="Réunion" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Réunion</collectingCountry>
, it was collected significantly more frequently on branches than on trunks (15 collections on branches, five on trunks, χ² = 5, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FB39FDF7FB23FD68" box="[1195,1212,627,652]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P</emphasis>
= 0.025). This lichen typically grows in cloud forests [‘forêt mésotherme’, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FD7DFD12FC16FD54" author="Cadet, L. J. T." box="[751,905,662,688]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refId="ref116978" refString="Cadet, L. J. T. (1980) La vegetation de l'ile de la Reunion. Etude phytoecologique et phytosociologique. Imprimerie Cazal, Saint-Denis de la Reunion, 312 pp." type="book" year="1980">Cadet (1980)</bibRefCitation>
], in four habitats: windward montane rainforest (52% of the localities), leeward montane rainforest (29%), 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FCBBFD3FFCE8FD31" box="[809,887,699,725]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FCBBFD3FFCE8FD31" box="[809,887,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane forest (10%) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FB22FD3FFB71FD30" box="[1200,1262,699,724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FB22FD3FFB71FD30" box="[1200,1262,699,724]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Erica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane thicket (5%). It was also found once in subalpine shrubland. The bioclimate of the Reunionese localities is pluvial tropical; thermotype belts are mainly mesotropical = from upper thermotropical to upper mesotropical (360 ≤ It ≤ 497), ombrotype belts are variable = from lower humid to ultrahyperhumid (8.8 ≤ Io ≤ 28.9) (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFAB2F59FBFAFCA2FB50FCA4" box="[1128,1231,806,832]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="50.[136,229,1864,1886]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,322,1838]" captionTargetId="figure-56@50.[150,1435,320,1839]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 21. Parmotrema intonsum. A: Distribution on Réunion (UTM 2×2 km grid system); B: Bioclimatic characteristics of collection sites (abbreviations and threshold values for thermotype and ombrotype horizons from Rivas-Martínez et al. 2011: 17–18); C: Part of thallus with granular or cylindrical ciliate isidia and a mature apothecium with ± branched and ciliate outgrowths on margin (holotype); D: Part of thallus with ciliate phyllidia/laciniae and apothecia of various ages (Masson 974.0359); E: Gross morphology of thallus (holotype). Scale bars:A = 10 km; C = 5 mm; D = 4 mm; E = 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217516" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217516/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
). The bioclimate of the Malagasy locality is also pluvial tropical, with thermotype belt = upper thermotropical (It = 498), ombrotype belt = lower humid (Io = 7.5).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAB2F59FF2FFC16FE87FA08" blockId="51.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF2FFC16FE9FFC48" bold="true" box="[189,256,914,940]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Notes</emphasis>
:—This taxon has been known from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FD31FC16FC9DFC48" box="[675,770,914,940]" name="Réunion" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Réunion</collectingCountry>
since the 19 
<superScript id="7C269A10FFAB2F59FC00FC16FC00FC44" attach="left" box="[914,927,914,928]" fontSize="6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">th</superScript>
century. It was reported there under the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FF1AFC32FDFDFC34" authority="(DC.) Duby" authorityName="Duby" baseAuthorityName="DC." box="[136,610,950,977]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="perlata" variety="ciliata">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF1AFC32FED4FC34" box="[136,331,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmelia perlata</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FE1AFC32FE4FFC34" box="[392,464,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ciliata</emphasis>
(DC.) Duby
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FD00FC32FCCEFC35" author="Nylander, W." box="[658,849,950,977]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="205 - 264" refId="ref128463" refString="Nylander, W. (1859) Lichenes in regionibus exoticis quibusdam vigentes. Exponit synopticis enumerationibus. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 4 eme serie (Botanique) 11: 205 - 264." type="journal article" year="1859">Nylander (1859)</bibRefCitation>
, then as 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FC2EFC32FF24FC10" authority="Mull. Arg." authorityName="Mull. Arg." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="melanothrix" variety="lacinulata">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FC2EFC32FB2AFC34" box="[956,1205,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmelia melanothrix</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FB60FC32FAFBFC34" box="[1266,1380,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">lacinulata</emphasis>
Müll. Arg.
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FF77FC5FFEF7FC10" author="Hue, A. M." box="[229,360,986,1013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="27 - 220" refId="ref123230" refString="Hue, A. M. (1899) Lichenes extra-europaei a pluribus collectoribus ad Museum Parisiense missi (Suite). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, 4 eme serie, 1: 27 - 220." type="journal article" year="1899">Hue (1899)</bibRefCitation>
. Since 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FE28FC5EFDD0FC11" author="Hale, M. E." box="[442,591,986,1013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FE28FC5EFE70FC10" box="[442,495,986,1012]" genus="Hale" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
(1965a)
</bibRefCitation>
, it has been identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FCFFFC5FFB18FC10" box="[877,1159,986,1012]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FCFFFC5FFB18FC10" box="[877,1159,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmotrema melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a species described from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FF1AFC7AFF4FFBFC" box="[136,208,1022,1048]" name="Brazil" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. In the western Indian Ocean, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FDB4FC7BFD56FBFC" box="[550,713,1022,1048]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FDB4FC7BFD56FBFC" box="[550,713,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also reported from 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FC49FC7AFBFDFBFC" box="[987,1122,1022,1048]" name="Madagascar" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FBE3FC7AFB61FBFC" author="Vainio, E. A." box="[1137,1278,1022,1048]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="33 - 37" refId="ref131601" refString="Vainio, E. A. (1898) Lichenes quos in Madagascaria centrali Dr. C. Forsyth Major a. 1896 collegit. Beiblatt zur Hedwigia 37 (2): 33 - 37." type="journal article" year="1898">Vainio 1898</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FA98FC7BFAE4FBFC" author="Hue, A. M." box="[1290,1403,1022,1049]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="27 - 220" refId="ref123230" refString="Hue, A. M. (1899) Lichenes extra-europaei a pluribus collectoribus ad Museum Parisiense missi (Suite). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, 4 eme serie, 1: 27 - 220." type="journal article" year="1899">Hue 1899</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FA14FC7AFEB3FBD9" author="des Abbayes, H." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref118732" refString="des Abbayes, H. (1956) Lichens de la region malgache. I. Especes foliacees et fruticuleuses recoltees a Madagascar principalement par H. Humbert et a Moheli (Comores) par l'Institut de Recherche scientifique de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Serie B 7: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1956">des Abbayes 1956</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FEA5FBA6FEEFFBD8" author="des Abbayes, H." box="[311,368,1058,1084]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="81 - 121" refId="ref118844" refString="des Abbayes, H. (1961) Lichens recoltes a Madagascar et a la Reunion (mission H. des Abbayes, 1956). I. Introduction, II. Parmeliacees. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Serie B 10 (2): 81 - 121." type="journal article" year="1961">1961</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFAB2F59FE3DFBA6FDD3FBD8" box="[431,588,1058,1084]" country="Comoros" name="Moheli" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mohéli Island</collectingRegion>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FDE2FBA6FD48FBD8" box="[624,727,1058,1084]" name="Comoros" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Comoros</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FD74FBA6FC28FBD9" author="des Abbayes, H." box="[742,951,1058,1085]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref118732" refString="des Abbayes, H. (1956) Lichens de la region malgache. I. Especes foliacees et fruticuleuses recoltees a Madagascar principalement par H. Humbert et a Moheli (Comores) par l'Institut de Recherche scientifique de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Serie B 7: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1956">des Abbayes 1956</bibRefCitation>
). We had the opportunity to examine several Brazilian specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FE1FFBC3FDB0FB84" box="[397,559,1094,1120]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FE1FFBC3FDB0FB84" box="[397,559,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFAB2F59FD47FBC2FCA4FB84" box="[725,827,1094,1120]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Compared to the specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FB09FBC3FA0EFB84" authority=", Brazilian" authorityName="Brazilian" box="[1179,1425,1094,1121]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FB09FBC3FA82FB84" box="[1179,1309,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. intonsum</emphasis>
, Brazilian
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FA05FBC3FE90FB60" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FA05FBC3FE90FB60" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack vegetative propagules, have smaller ascospores (mean values for 3 thalli, including 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFAB2F59FB44FBEEFAA7FB60" box="[1238,1336,1130,1156]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
collection in italics: 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF65FB0AFEB7FB4C" box="[247,296,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">23.7</emphasis>
× 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FED5FB0AFEE7FB4C" box="[327,376,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">12.7</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FE15FB0AFE27FB4C" box="[391,440,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">22.7</emphasis>
× 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FE45FB0AFD99FB4C" box="[471,518,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">11.6</emphasis>
, 21.3 × 11.3 µm; epispore 1.5–3 µm thick), longer conidia [6–8(11) µm long], and contain 1–2 undetermined fatty acids (Rf 
<subScript id="17D7351DFFAB2F59FDC2FB41FDC3FB37" attach="left" box="[592,604,1221,1235]" fontSize="6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">A</subScript>
20; Rf 
<subScript id="17D7351DFFAB2F59FD35FB41FD2DFB37" attach="left" box="[679,690,1221,1235]" fontSize="6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">B</subScript>
26, 31; Rf 
<subScript id="17D7351DFFAB2F59FCBAFB41FCACFB37" attach="left" box="[808,819,1221,1235]" fontSize="6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">C</subScript>
24, 29) in the medulla [and not protolichesterinic acid as reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FE83FB52FE35FB15" author="Hale, M. E." box="[273,426,1238,1265]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FE83FB52FED9FB14" box="[273,326,1238,1264]" genus="Hale" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
(1965a)
</bibRefCitation>
]. Both taxa share negative medullary chemical spot tests, imperforate apothecial discs, and abundant marginal cilia containing the same ciliary pigments (PV, P2). 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FC09FB7FFBE2FAF1" author="des Abbayes, H." box="[923,1149,1274,1301]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref118732" refString="des Abbayes, H. (1956) Lichens de la region malgache. I. Especes foliacees et fruticuleuses recoltees a Madagascar principalement par H. Humbert et a Moheli (Comores) par l'Institut de Recherche scientifique de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institut scientifique de Madagascar, Serie B 7: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1956">Des Abbayes (1956)</bibRefCitation>
cited two collections made in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FF35FA9AFEB1FADC" box="[167,302,1310,1336]" name="Madagascar" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
and on the island of Mohéli (Comoro Archipelago) under the name of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FBF3FA9AFAC6FADC" box="[1121,1369,1310,1336]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FBF3FA9AFAC6FADC" box="[1121,1369,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmelia melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These specimens are now in REN, and were examined: they do not belong to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FC06FAC7FB32FAB8" box="[916,1197,1346,1372]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FC06FAC7FB32FAB8" box="[916,1197,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmotrema melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or to 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FB61FAC7FAEBFAB8" box="[1267,1396,1347,1372]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FB61FAC7FAEBFAB8" box="[1267,1396,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. intonsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The Malagasy collection (REN 000049) is a mixture of three taxa without vegetative propagules. Two of them react KC+; the third contains protolichesterinic and lichesterinic acids in the medulla, but also an undetermined yellow pigment not reacting with K. The Comoran collection (REN 000048) belongs to a new species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FBC6FA2BFB79FA2C" box="[1108,1254,1454,1480]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mwaliense">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FBC6FA2BFB79FA2C" box="[1108,1254,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. mwaliense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described in this paper below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAB2F59FF2FFA72FA84F8B0" blockId="51.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Besides 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FE8EFA73FE00F9F4" box="[284,415,1527,1552]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FE8EFA73FE00F9F4" box="[284,415,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. intonsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, four other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FD09FA73FCB7F9F4" box="[667,808,1527,1552]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FD09FA73FCB7F9F4" box="[667,808,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmotrema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have ciliate lobe margins, contain protolichesterinic acid as the only major medullary substance and are esorediate. The Malagasy 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FC39F99FFABCF9D0" authority="(Zahlbr.) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Zahlbr." box="[939,1315,1562,1588]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="glaucocarpoides">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FC39F99FFB1EF9D0" box="[939,1153,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. glaucocarpoides</emphasis>
(Zahlbr.) Hale
</taxonomicName>
lacks isidia, its apothecia have an eciliate margin and a perforate and somewhat pruinose disc, and its ascospores are narrower with a thinner epispore (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FECEF9E6FE73F998" author="Muller, J." box="[348,492,1634,1660]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="613 - 621" refId="ref128299" refString="Muller, J. (1884) Lichenologische Beitrage. 20. Flora 67: 613 - 621." type="journal article" year="1884">Müller 1884</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FE64F9E6FD1EF999" author="Dodge, C. W." box="[502,641,1634,1661]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="39 - 193" refId="ref120071" refString="Dodge, C. W. (1959) Some lichens of Tropical Africa III. Parmeliaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 46 (1 - 2): 39 - 193." type="journal article" year="1959">Dodge 1959</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FD19F9E7FC03F998" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[651,924,1634,1661]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
). The Chinese 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FBD2F9E7FA33F998" authority="(Zhao) J. B. Chen &amp; Elix" authorityName="J. B. Chen &amp; Elix" baseAuthorityName="Zhao" box="[1088,1452,1634,1661]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="laeve">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FBD2F9E7FB09F998" box="[1088,1174,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. laeve</emphasis>
(Zhao) J.B. Chen &amp; Elix
</taxonomicName>
lacks isidia and laciniae, the apothecial margins are smooth and eciliate, and the ascospores are smaller (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FABBF902FA38F944" author="Zhao, J. D." box="[1321,1447,1670,1696]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="139 - 166" refId="ref132766" refString="Zhao, J. D. (1964) A preliminary study on Chinese Parmelia. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica 9 (2): 139 - 166." type="journal article" year="1964">Zhao 1964</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FF1AF92EFED2F921" author="Chen, J. B. &amp; Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A." box="[136,333,1706,1733]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="93 - 113" refId="ref117211" refString="Chen, J. B., Wang, S. L. &amp; Elix, J. A. (2005) Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) lichens in China's mainland. III. The genus Parmotrema. Mycotaxon 91: 93 - 113." type="journal article" year="2005">
Chen 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF5EF92FFE9FF920" box="[204,256,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). The underside of the African 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FD26F92FFB7CF920" authority="(Krog &amp; Swinscow) Krog &amp; Swinscow" authorityName="Krog &amp; Swinscow" baseAuthorityName="Krog &amp; Swinscow" box="[692,1251,1706,1733]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="leonis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FD26F92FFC8AF920" box="[692,789,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. leonis</emphasis>
(Krog &amp; Swinscow) Krog &amp; Swinscow
</taxonomicName>
is predominantly white, the upper surface is strongly maculate, isidia and laciniae are lacking, the apothecial disc is perforate, the apothecial margins are smooth and eciliate, the ascospores are much smaller and the conidia much longer (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FAC3F976FEA0F8D4" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
). The protolichesterinic acid chemotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FCBAF893FB69F8D4" authority="(Nyl. ex Krempelh.) Hale" authorityName="Hale" baseAuthorityName="Krempelh." box="[808,1270,1814,1841]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="abessinicum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FCBAF893FC51F8D4" box="[808,974,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. abessinicum</emphasis>
(Nyl. ex Krempelh.) Hale
</taxonomicName>
lacks isidia and laciniae, the apothecial disc is perforate, and the ascospores are much smaller (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FC68F8BEFA90F8B0" author="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V." box="[1018,1295,1850,1876]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="143 - 231" refId="ref124129" refString="Krog, H. &amp; Swinscow, T. D. V. (1981) Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia (lichens) in East Africa. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany series 9: 143 - 231." type="book chapter" year="1981">Krog &amp; Swinscow 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAB2F5EFF2FF8DAFC56FEC0" blockId="51.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastBlockId="52.[136,1452,158,2093]" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
The development of isidia and laciniae seems to be rather variable in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FC7DF8DBFBEBF89C" box="[1007,1140,1887,1912]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FC7DF8DBFBEBF89C" box="[1007,1140,1887,1912]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. intonsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, at least in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAB2F59FA90F8DAFAFAF89C" box="[1282,1381,1886,1912]" name="Réunion" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Réunion</collectingCountry>
. Most thalli produce granular isidia and no laciniae. However, specimens with numerous, branched and ciliate laciniae, but totally devoid of isidia, are sometimes encountered. They include, in particular, the samples cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FA98F823FA14F824" author="Hue, A. M." box="[1290,1419,1958,1985]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="27 - 220" refId="ref123230" refString="Hue, A. M. (1899) Lichenes extra-europaei a pluribus collectoribus ad Museum Parisiense missi (Suite). Nouvelles Archives du Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris, 4 eme serie, 1: 27 - 220." type="journal article" year="1899">Hue (1899)</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FF1AF84EFDBBF800" box="[136,548,1994,2021]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="variety" species="melanothrix" variety="lacinulata">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FF1AF84EFEE2F800" box="[136,381,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parmelia melanothrix</emphasis>
var. 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FE20F84EFDBBF800" box="[434,548,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">lacinulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, later, by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAB2F59FD2CF84EFCD0F801" author="Hale, M. E." box="[702,847,1994,2021]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="193 - 358" refId="ref122458" refString="Hale, M. E. (1965 a) A monograph of Parmelia subgenus Amphigymnia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 36: 193 - 358." type="journal article" year="1965">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FD2CF84EFD6CF800" box="[702,755,1994,2020]" genus="Hale" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rank="genus">Hale</taxonomicName>
(1965a)
</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAB2F59FCE0F84FFB8CF800" box="[882,1043,1994,2020]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAB2F59FCE0F84FFB8CF800" box="[882,1043,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">P. melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These laciniae are fragile and easily detached; it is likely that they function as propagules. Apart from the 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFAB2F59FC39F86BFC44F7ED" box="[939,987,2031,2057]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
of propagules, specimens of the isidiate morphotype and those of the laciniate morphotype are morphologically, anatomically and chemically identical. It was also not possible to find any differences in the ecology or distribution of these two morphs in 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAC2F5EFB1CFF1AFB6EFF5C" box="[1166,1265,158,184]" name="Réunion" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Réunion</collectingCountry>
. Thalli with both isidia and laciniae were also found (e.g. the Malagasy collection REN 000052). For these reasons, we provisionally consider that both morphotypes belong to the same species. Unfortunately, we could not compare the two morphotypes molecularly, as sequences were only obtained from the isidiate specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAC2F5EFF2FFEABFDB3FDC4" blockId="52.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
In the ITS and 3-locus phylogenetic trees produced for this study (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFAC2F5EFC50FEAAFB97FEAC" box="[962,1032,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFAC2F5EFBA3FEAAFBDEFEAC" box="[1073,1089,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="17.[136,229,1553,1575]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,216,1510]" captionTargetId="graphics-18@17.[149,1438,191,1527]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 4. Global tree (best scoring maximum likelihood tree) of Parmotrema based on the fungal ITS barcoding marker. Figure can be enlarged for a better reading of labels. Accessions in black are those retrieved from GenBank on June 2023. Those in red are those produced by the authors for this study. Bootstrap support is indicated on branch when ≥ 70%." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217482" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217482/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">4</figureCitation>
), these isidiate specimens were recovered in two strongly supported sister clades corresponding to two different ITS sequences (
<tableCitation id="C6D102E3FFAC2F5EFB27FED6FA94FE88" box="[1205,1291,338,364]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="13.[136,224,1743,1767]" captionText="TABLE 3. ITS barcode selected in ITS 1 for all species whose DNA could be extracted. Variation within species reported as species epithet followed par 1, 2 or 3. The barcode is selected with the first six positions identical and with the last two identical. See Schoch et al. (2012) for details on the selection and use of ITS barcode. aurantioreagens G C T T T G A C G G T C C T C G G G G G C C T T C C T C C G T A C C G G austrosinense G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T T C T C C T C C G C G T C G G brachyblepharum G C T T T G G C G G G C C C C T G G G G T C T A C C T C C G C A T C G G cf clavuliferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C C C T C C G C A C C G G crinitum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T C G G G G G T C T T C C T T C G C A C C G G cristiferum G C T T T G G C G G A C C T T G G G G G T C C T C C T C C G C A T C G G ......continued on the next page" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Table 3</tableCitation>
). No variation in the sequences of the other two loci (mtSSU and EF1-α) was detected. The Stacey and bPP species delimitation analyses gave contradictory results, the former supporting the separation of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFC7FFE1FFB76FE50" box="[1005,1257,411,436]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="intonsum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFC7FFE1FFB76FE50" box="[1005,1257,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Parmotrema intonsum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into two distinct species, while the latter merged all specimens into a single species (
<figureCitation id="13682BDDFFAC2F5EFC1EFE3AFC4DFE3C" box="[908,978,446,472]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[210,1381,204,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-20@16.[197,1389,191,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogeny of the Parmotrema species studied. Best ML tree resulted from a RaxML analysis of three loci (EF1-α, ITS, mtSSU) and 102 specimens. Punctelia toxodes was selected as the outgroup. Bootstrap values are represented above the branches, and thick branches have bootstrap support value ≥ 70. Results of the species delimitation analyses are summarized to the right of the terminal labels of the tree. The first column corresponds to the results of the Stacey analysis, while the second column corresponds to the results of the bPP analysis. Specimens attributed the same colour were reconstructed as part of the same putative species by the species delimitation analysis. Major medullary extrolites are also shown for each specimen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217480/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). As there is no phenotypic, ecological or chorological data to support the recognition of two different cryptic taxa, we assume that two ITS variants are present in the populations of a single species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAC2F5EFF2FFDAEFBEBF800" blockId="52.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFF2FFDAEFD52FDA0" bold="true" box="[189,717,554,580]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Additional specimens examined (
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFAC2F5EFDD9FDAEFD5AFDA0" box="[587,709,554,580]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
)
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAC2F5EFD7FFDAEFCFDFDA0" box="[749,866,554,580]" name="France" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFAC2F5EFCFCFDAEFC4EFDA0" box="[878,977,554,580]" country="France" name="Reunion" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Réunion</collectingRegion>
: without locality, 1840, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFB77FDAFFEA3FD8C" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">M.E. Mézières de Lépervanche 25</emphasis>
(PC 0009291); without locality, 1890 &amp; 1893, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFCDDFDCAFAE7FD8C" box="[847,1400,590,617]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">frère Rodriguez (= E.A. Marquet) &amp; Chauvet s.n.</emphasis>
(PC 0722516); Cilaos, above Îlet des Salazes, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFD01FDF6FD76FD69" box="[659,745,626,653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.73" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1730.0">1730 m</quantity>
, 
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, 
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, in leeward montane rainforest, in an overall SE orientation, on the bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFD39FD13FCE2FD54" box="[683,893,663,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reunionensis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFD39FD13FCE2FD54" box="[683,893,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Erica reunionensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFC18FD12FBA2FD54" box="[906,1085,662,688]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2012-08-20">20 August 2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFBD5FD13FAB1FD54" box="[1095,1326,662,688]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.3916</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFF1AFD3EFF2BFD30" box="[136,180,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., Ravine des Calumets, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFE69FD3EFDCDFD31" box="[507,594,698,725]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1290.0">1290 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFDCFFD3EFD7CFD30" box="[605,739,698,724]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-21.153055">21°09’11”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
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, in leeward montane rainforest, in a ravine with an overall SW orientation, on the bark of a branch of an old 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFC8AFD5BFC72FD1C" box="[792,1005,735,760]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reunionensis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFC8AFD5BFC72FD1C" box="[792,1005,735,760]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Erica reunionensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFC6EFD5AFB2CFD1C" box="[1020,1203,734,760]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2012-08-21">21 August 2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFB2DFD5BFA34FD1C" box="[1215,1451,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.3942</emphasis>
(LG); La Plaine-des-Palmistes, Col de Bébour, along track towards Plaine des Cafres, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFB24FC86FA8EFCF9" box="[1206,1297,770,797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1420.0">1420 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFAB2FC86FA39FCF9" box="[1312,1446,770,797]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-21.131666">21°07’54”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFF1AFCA2FE8EFCA5" box="[136,273,806,833]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="31" value="55.575275">55°34’31”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFE8EFCA2FE43FCA4" box="[284,476,806,832]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1996-10-04">04 October 1996</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFE75FCA3FCA3FCA4" box="[487,828,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">H. Krog RE40/30 &amp; E. Timdal</emphasis>
(O L-231259); La Possession, Dos d’Âne, Piton Grand Bazar, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFE89FCCEFEE8FC81" box="[283,375,842,869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1330.0">1330 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFE15FCCEFD91FC81" box="[391,526,842,869]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-20.973612">20°58’25”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFD8CFCCEFD38FC81" box="[542,679,842,869]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="25" value="55.390278">55°23’25”E</geoCoordinate>
, in leeward montane rainforest, in an overall NW orientation, on the bark of the trunk of an undetermined shrub, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFD24FCEAFCEFFC6D" box="[694,880,878,905]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2015-08-19">19 August 2015</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFCEFFCEBFBF4FC6C" box="[893,1131,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4723</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFB6AFCEAFABBFC6C" box="[1272,1316,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFAA9FCEAFF63FC49" authority="Montagne" authorityName="Montagne" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grande">la Grande Montagne</taxonomicName>
, sentier des Lataniers, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFDAAFC16FD10FC49" box="[568,655,914,941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1330.0">1330 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFD09FC16FCBEFC49" box="[667,801,914,941]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-20.969723">20°58’11”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFCBFFC16FC2AFC49" box="[813,949,914,941]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="40" value="55.394447">55°23’40”E</geoCoordinate>
, in leeward montane rainforest, in an overall NW orientation, on the bark of a trunk of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFDCEFC33FCBEFC34" box="[604,801,950,976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Stilbaceae" genus="Nuxia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticillata">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFDCEFC33FCBEFC34" box="[604,801,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Nuxia verticillata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFCBCFC32FC7CFC35" box="[814,995,950,977]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2015-08-19">19 August 2015</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFC7CFC33FB48FC34" box="[1006,1239,950,976]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4736</emphasis>
(LG); Le Tampon, Plaine des Cafres, sentier de Bébour, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFDC8FC5EFD2FFC11" box="[602,688,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1600.0">1600 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFD28FC5EFCDFFC10" box="[698,832,986,1012]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="39" value="-21.144167">21°08’39”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFCD9FC5EFC4CFC11" box="[843,979,986,1013]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="17" value="55.57139">55°34’17”E</geoCoordinate>
, in disturbed 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFBF4FC5FFB3BFC10" box="[1126,1188,987,1012]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFBF4FC5FFB3BFC10" box="[1126,1188,987,1012]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Erica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane thicket, on the bark of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFF4CFC7BFE2EFBFC" box="[222,433,1023,1048]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reunionensis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFF4CFC7BFE2EFBFC" box="[222,433,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Erica reunionensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFE2CFC7AFDEEFBFC" box="[446,625,1022,1048]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2012-08-26">26 August 2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFDEEFC7BFCFBFBFC" box="[636,868,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4050</emphasis>
(LG); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFC22FC7AFC43FBFC" box="[944,988,1022,1048]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFBB9FC7AFB1EFBFD" box="[1067,1153,1022,1049]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.605" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1605.0">1605 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFB1EFC7AFA8CFBFC" box="[1164,1299,1022,1048]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="16" value="-21.137777">21°08’16”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFA8CFC7AFA39FBFD" box="[1310,1446,1022,1049]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="22" value="55.572777">55°34’22”E</geoCoordinate>
, in leeward montane rainforest, on the bark of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFD15FBA7FCE7FBD8" box="[647,888,1058,1084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Monimiaceae" genus="Monimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFD15FBA7FCE7FBD8" box="[647,888,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Monimia rotundifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFC17FBA6FBA6FBD8" box="[901,1081,1058,1084]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2012-08-26">26 August 2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFBD6FBA7FAB2FBD8" box="[1092,1325,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4068</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); Saint-Benoît, Piton de Bébour, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFDA0FBC2FD4DFB85" box="[562,722,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3575" metricValueMax="1.3599999999999999" metricValueMin="1.355" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1357.5" valueMax="1360.0" valueMin="1355.0">1355–1360 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFD73FBC2FCF7FB84" box="[737,872,1094,1120]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-21.125834">21°07’33”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFCE5FBC2FC60FB85" box="[887,1023,1094,1121]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="53" value="55.56472">55°33’53”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, on the bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFE0EFBEFFD0FFB60" box="[412,656,1130,1156]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Monimiaceae" genus="Monimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFE0EFBEFFD0FFB60" box="[412,656,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Monimia rotundifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFD32FBEEFCDBFB60" box="[672,836,1130,1156]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2003-04-07">07 April 2003</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFCC3FBEFFBA0FB60" box="[849,1087,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.0127</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFB5FFBEEFB66FB60" box="[1229,1273,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFADFFBEEFA38FB61" box="[1357,1447,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.385" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1385.0">1385 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFF1AFB0AFE91FB4C" box="[136,270,1166,1192]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-21.126667">21°07’36”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFE8CFB0AFE38FB4D" box="[286,423,1166,1193]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="56" value="55.565556">55°33’56”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, on the bark of branches of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFBE8FB0AFACCFB4C" box="[1146,1363,1166,1192]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="reclinata">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFBE8FB0AFACCFB4C" box="[1146,1363,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dombeya reclinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and an undetermined tree, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFEF3FB36FE60FB28" box="[353,511,1202,1228]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2003-04-07">07 April 2003</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFD98FB37FD6BFB28" box="[522,756,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.0098</emphasis>
(REU), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFCC1FB36FC23FB28" box="[851,956,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">974.0166</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFBD0FB36FBF1FB28" box="[1090,1134,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., forêt de Bébour, sentier de la Rivière des Marsouins, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFE7AFB52FDA0FB15" box="[488,575,1238,1265]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.38" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1380.0">1380 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFDD9FB52FD4DFB14" box="[587,722,1238,1264]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="41" value="-21.11139">21°06’41”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFD4FFB52FCF9FB15" box="[733,870,1238,1265]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="47" value="55.563053">55°33’47”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, on the bark of the trunk of an undetermined tree, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFE71FB7EFD1EFAF0" box="[483,641,1274,1301]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2003-04-15">15 April 2003</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFD1EFB7FFCEAFAF0" box="[652,885,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.0416</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFC69FB7EFBB8FAF0" box="[1019,1063,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., forêt de Bébour, les Trois Mares, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFF56FA9AFE83FADD" box="[196,284,1310,1337]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFEB8FA9AFE2FFADC" box="[298,432,1310,1336]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="33" value="-21.109167">21°06’33”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFE2FFA9AFDD9FADD" box="[445,582,1310,1337]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="43" value="55.561943">55°33’43”E</geoCoordinate>
, on the edge of a road through a windward montane rainforest, in an overall SE orientation, on the bark of a twig of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFDD5FAC7FD65FAB9" box="[583,762,1347,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Oxalidales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFDD5FAC7FD4DFAB8" box="[583,722,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Weinmannia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFC95FAC6FC23FAB9" box="[775,956,1346,1373]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2015-08-21">21 August 2015</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFC55FAC7FB2FFAB8" box="[967,1200,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4786</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFAA5FAC6FAFCFAB8" box="[1335,1379,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFF1AFAE2FF7EFA65" box="[136,225,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1440.0">1440 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFF7CFAE2FEEBFA64" box="[238,372,1382,1408]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-21.103056">21°06’11”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFE13FAE2FD96FA65" box="[385,521,1382,1409]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="23" value="55.55639">55°33’23”E</geoCoordinate>
, on the edge of a road through a windward montane rainforest, in an overall ESE orientation, on the bark of a dead branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFD19FA0FFC04FA40" box="[651,923,1418,1444]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Hypericum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFD19FA0FFC04FA40" box="[651,923,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Hypericum lanceolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFC3EFA0EFBF9FA41" box="[940,1126,1418,1445]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2015-08-21">21 August 2015</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFBE1FA0FFAFDFA40" box="[1139,1378,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4782</emphasis>
(LG); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFF1AFA2AFF2BFA2C" box="[136,180,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., forêt de Bébour, plateau de Duvernay, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFD26FA2AFC94FA2D" box="[692,779,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1320.0">1320 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFC85FA2AFC02FA2C" box="[791,925,1454,1480]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-21.124722">21°07’29”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFC38FA2AFBADFA2D" box="[938,1074,1454,1481]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="27" value="55.574165">55°34’27”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, in an overall SE orientation, on the bark of a branch of a young 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFCCFFA56FC6DFA09" box="[861,1010,1490,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Dombeya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFCCFFA56FC57FA08" box="[861,968,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Dombeya</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFC6DFA56FB2AFA09" box="[1023,1205,1490,1517]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2015-08-21">21 August 2015</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFB52FA57FA34FA08" box="[1216,1451,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4774</emphasis>
(Hb. DM), 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFE94FA73FE70F9F4" box="[262,495,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4775</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFE6EFA72FDFAF9F4" box="[508,613,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">974.4776</emphasis>
(LG); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFD21FA72FD40F9F4" box="[691,735,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., NW side of forêt de Bébour, trail GR R1 from gîte de Bélouve to Caverne Mussard, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFE26F99EFD93F9D1" box="[436,524,1562,1589]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1980.0">1980 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFD8AF99EFD14F9D1" box="[536,651,1562,1589]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="05.3" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="92" value="-21.088333">21°05.3’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFD05F99EFC93F9D1" box="[663,780,1562,1589]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="31.3" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="92" value="55.521667">55°31.3’E</geoCoordinate>
, rather well-lit area with mixed shrubs, including 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFAADF99FFA39F9D1" box="[1343,1446,1563,1589]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFAADF99FFAE2F9D0" box="[1343,1405,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Erica</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, on 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFF39F9BAFED6F9BC" box="[171,329,1598,1624]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Phylica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitida">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFF39F9BAFED6F9BC" box="[171,329,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Phylica nitida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFEC5F9BAFE70F9BC" box="[343,495,1598,1625]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2008-06-02">02 June 2008</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFE68F9BBFC9CF9BC" box="[506,771,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFE68F9BBFDA1F9BC" box="[506,574,1599,1624]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="van">P. van</taxonomicName>
den Boom 40489
</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFC80F9BAFCF4F9BD" box="[786,875,1598,1625]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="van">Hb. van</taxonomicName>
den Boom); Saint-Denis, Plaine d’Affouches, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFF1AF9E6FF41F999" box="[136,222,1634,1661]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.48" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1480.0">1480 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFF7AF9E6FEF0F999" box="[232,367,1634,1661]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-20.983055">20°58’59”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFEE8F9E6FD9DF999" box="[378,514,1634,1661]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="36" value="55.41">55°24’36”E</geoCoordinate>
, in leeward montane rainforest, on the bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFB17F9E7FB75F999" box="[1157,1258,1635,1661]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Erica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFB17F9E7FB5CF998" box="[1157,1219,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Erica</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFB67F9E6FA38F999" box="[1269,1447,1634,1661]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2005-08-04">04 August 2005</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFF1AF903FEE9F944" box="[136,374,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.1951</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); Saint-Joseph, Grand Coude, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFC1BF902FC7CF945" box="[905,995,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.39" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1390.0">1390 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFC63F902FBE7F944" box="[1009,1144,1670,1696]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="29" value="-21.274721">21°16’29”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFB14F902FA91F945" box="[1158,1294,1670,1697]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="51" value="55.630833">55°37’51”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, on the bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFD1FF92EFCC1F920" box="[653,862,1706,1732]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aphloiaceae" genus="Aphloia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Crossosomatales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="theiformis">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFD1FF92EFCC1F920" box="[653,862,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Aphloia theiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFCF9F92EFB81F920" box="[875,1054,1706,1732]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2017-08-24">24 August 2017</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFBBBF92FFA90F920" box="[1065,1295,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.5117</emphasis>
(LG); Sainte-Marie, Plaine des Fougères, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFD99F94AFDFCF90D" box="[523,611,1742,1769]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1640.0">1640 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFDE3F94AFD67F90D" box="[625,760,1742,1769]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="59" value="-20.999722">20°59’59”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFC97F94AFC12F90D" box="[773,909,1742,1769]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="25" value="55.506943">55°30’25”E</geoCoordinate>
, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFC28F94BFB97F90D" box="[954,1032,1743,1769]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFC28F94BFB97F90D" box="[954,1032,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Acacia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
montane rainforest, on the bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFF6DF977FE7DF8E8" box="[255,482,1778,1805]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFF6DF977FE7DF8E8" box="[255,482,1778,1805]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Acacia heterophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFE61F976FD32F8E8" box="[499,685,1778,1804]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2012-08-31">31 August 2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFD29F977FC36F8E8" box="[699,937,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4154</emphasis>
(Hb. DM); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFBA5F976FBFCF8E8" box="[1079,1123,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFB2AF976FA8EF8E9" box="[1208,1297,1778,1805]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4449999999999998" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1445.0">1445 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFAB2F976FA38F8E9" box="[1312,1447,1778,1805]" degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-20.980278">20°58’49”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFF1AF892FE8FF8D5" box="[136,272,1814,1841]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="05" value="55.50139">55°30’05”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, in an overall NNE orientation, on the bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFAD4F893FE92F8B0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Monimiaceae" genus="Monimia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rotundifolia">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFAD4F893FE92F8B0" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Monimia rotundifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFE89F8BEFE50F8B0" box="[283,463,1850,1876]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2012-08-30">30 August 2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFE48F8BFFD5CF8B0" box="[474,707,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4139</emphasis>
(LG); Salazie, Bélouve, sentier de l’École Normale, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFAC2F8BEFA38F8B1" box="[1360,1447,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.435" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1435.0">1435 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFF1AF8DAFE91F89C" box="[136,270,1886,1912]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="03" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-21.058887">21°03’32”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFE8EF8DAFE3BF89D" box="[284,420,1886,1913]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="18" value="55.555">55°33’18”E</geoCoordinate>
, in an exploited 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFDF6F8DBFCD8F89C" box="[612,839,1886,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFDF6F8DBFCD8F89C" box="[612,839,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Acacia heterophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, on the bark of a branch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAC2F5EFB41F8DBFAE0F89C" box="[1235,1407,1886,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="heterophylla">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFB41F8DBFAE0F89C" box="[1235,1407,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">A. heterophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFA1DF8DAFE84F878" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2012-08-24">24 August 2012</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFEB5F807FD8EF878" box="[295,529,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.4013</emphasis>
(LG); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFDF2F806FD13F878" box="[608,652,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., montagnes de Salazie, forêt de Bélouve, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFBFFF806FA8BF878" box="[1133,1300,1922,1948]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1893-02">February 1893</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFAB2F806FA34F878" box="[1312,1451,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Chauvet s.n.</emphasis>
(PC 0722520); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFEA1F822FEC0F824" box="[307,351,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ibid</emphasis>
., Piton d’Enchain, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFDFDF822FD5AF825" box="[623,709,1958,1985]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFD42F822FCC8F825" box="[720,855,1958,1985]" degrees="21" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-21.043055">21°02’35”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE67519FFFAC2F5EFCF0F822FC75F825" box="[866,1002,1958,1985]" degrees="55" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="15" seconds="50" value="55.497223">55°29’50”E</geoCoordinate>
, in windward montane rainforest, on the bark of the trunk of an undetermined tree, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFDF1F84EFC9DF800" box="[611,770,1994,2020]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2003-04-13">13 April 2003</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFC9FF84FFC69F800" box="[781,1014,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">D. Masson 974.0359</emphasis>
(Hb. DM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAC2F5EFF2FF86AFDF0F7C9" blockId="52.[136,1452,158,2093]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFAC2F5EFF2FF86AFDF4F7C9" collectingDate="1956-08-06" collectionCode="REN" country="Madagascar" county="d'Analamazoatra" elevation="920" location="Alaotra-Mangoro" municipality="Perinet" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="REN 000052" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAC2F5EFF2FF86AFE17F7EC" box="[189,392,2030,2056]" name="Madagascar" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
. 
<location id="8E8C6183FFAC2F5EFE01F86AFDC4F7EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA92F5FFF1AFCCFFC13FEAD:8E8C6183FFAC2F5EFE01F86AFDC4F7EC" box="[403,603,2030,2056]" country="Madagascar" county="d'Analamazoatra" municipality="Perinet" name="Alaotra-Mangoro" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Alaotra-Mangoro</location>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFAC2F5EFDF5F86AFD26F7EC" box="[615,697,2030,2056]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Périnet</collectingMunicipality>
, forêt 
<collectingCounty id="628D4FD4FFAC2F5EFC96F86AFC57F7EC" box="[772,968,2030,2056]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">d’Analamazoatra</collectingCounty>
, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAC2F5EFB83F86AFBC3F7ED" box="[1041,1116,2030,2057]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="920.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFAC2F5EFB83F86AFBC3F7ED" box="[1041,1116,2030,2057]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, sur tronc d’arbre, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAC2F5EFAA5F86AFF5CF7C9" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1956-08-06">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFAC2F5EFAA5F86AFF5CF7C9" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1956-08-06">06 August 1956</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAC2F5EFF5CF797FE25F7C8" box="[206,442,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">H. des Abbayes 2507</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBF59F23FFAC2F5EFE5BF796FDFCF7C9" box="[457,611,2066,2093]" collectionCode="REN" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35038" name="Culture Scientifique et Technique (CST) Université de Rennes 1" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">REN 000052</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAD2F5FFF2FFF19FDC0FF5C" blockId="53.[136,1452,157,329]" box="[189,607,157,184]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAD2F5FFF2FFF19FDC8FF53" bold="true" box="[189,599,157,183]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Specimens studied for comparison</emphasis>
:
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEC3758FFAD2F5FFF2FFF46FC13FEAD" blockId="53.[136,1452,157,329]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName id="4C534CDBFFAD2F5FFF2FFF46FE79FF38" box="[189,486,193,220]" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmotrema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Lecanorales" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="melanothrix">
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAD2F5FFF2FFF46FE79FF38" bold="true" box="[189,486,193,220]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Parmotrema melanothrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.— 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFAD2F5FFD95FF46FDBBFEE5" collectionCode="PC" collectorName="E. A. Vainio" country="Brazil" location="Sitio" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCode="PC 0722519" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
<collectingCountry id="F34477C8FFAD2F5FFD95FF46FDEEFF38" box="[519,625,194,220]" name="Brazil" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFAD2F5FFDEDFF46FC82FF38" box="[639,797,194,220]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="8E8C6183FFAD2F5FFCB9FF46FCFFFF38" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA92F5FFF1AFCCFFC13FEAD:8E8C6183FFAD2F5FFCB9FF46FCFFFF38" box="[811,864,194,220]" country="Brazil" name="Sitio" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Sítio</location>
[= Antônio Carlos, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC24AA9FFAD2F5FFBD8FF46FB5CFF38" author="Ahti, T." box="[1098,1219,194,220]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="37 - 46" refId="ref115019" refString="Ahti, T. (1998) E. A. Vainio and his journey to Brazil, with notes on the Cladoniaceae. In: Marcelli, M. P. &amp; Ahti, T. (Eds.) Recollecting Edvard August Vainio. CETESB, Sao Paulo, pp. 37 - 46." type="book chapter" year="1998">Ahti 1998</bibRefCitation>
], 1885, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAD2F5FFAB0FF46FA3AFF38" box="[1314,1445,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFAD2F5FFAB0FF46FA3AFF38" box="[1314,1445,194,220]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">E.A. Vainio</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAD2F5FFF1AFF62FEE4FEE4" box="[136,379,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Lich. Bras. Exs. 1053</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="DBF59F23FFAD2F5FFE18FF62FD83FEE5" box="[394,540,230,257]" collectionCode="PC" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15359" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Non-vascular Plants and Fungi" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Herbarium">PC 0722519</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFAD2F5FFDA2FF62FC7BFEC0" collectingDate="1952-10-17" collectingDateMax="1952-10-18" collectingDateMin="1952-10-17" collectionCode="PC" collectorName="Parque Nacional da Serra dos Orgaos &amp; F. Mattick" country="Brazil" county="Parque Nacional da Serra" elevation="400" location="Barreiro" municipality="Subsede" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFAD2F5FFDA2FF62FD48FEE4" box="[560,727,230,256]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFAD2F5FFD70FF62FB15FEE4" box="[738,1162,230,256]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectingCounty id="628D4FD4FFAD2F5FFD70FF62FB9EFEE4" box="[738,1025,230,256]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Parque Nacional da Serra</collectingCounty>
dos Orgaos
</collectorName>
, surroundings of 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B88AD22FFAD2F5FFADCFF62FA34FEE4" box="[1358,1451,230,256]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Subsede</collectingMunicipality>
near 
<location id="8E8C6183FFAD2F5FFF53FE8EFEBEFEC0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA864EFFA92F5FFF1AFCCFFC13FEAD:8E8C6183FFAD2F5FFF53FE8EFEBEFEC0" box="[193,289,266,292]" country="Brazil" county="Parque Nacional da Serra" municipality="Subsede" name="Barreiro" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Barreiro</location>
, elev. 
<quantity id="4CAB9ABDFFAD2F5FFEF8FE8EFE2BFEC0" box="[362,436,266,292]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="400.0">
<elevation id="007ED06BFFAD2F5FFEF8FE8EFE2BFEC0" box="[362,436,266,292]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFED1198FFAD2F5FFE53FE8EFD32FEC1" box="[449,685,266,293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1952-10-17" valueMax="1952-10-18" valueMin="1952-10-17">
<collectingDate id="EFA9E870FFAD2F5FFE53FE8EFD32FEC1" box="[449,685,266,293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" value="1952-10-17" valueMax="1952-10-18" valueMin="1952-10-17">17–18 October 1952</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAD2F5FFD28FE8FFCE5FEC0" box="[698,890,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectorName id="26A6528EFFAD2F5FFD28FE8FFCB3FEC0" box="[698,812,266,292]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">F. Mattick</collectorName>
446, c
</emphasis>
(B); 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAD2F5FFC2AFE8EFC7BFEC0" box="[952,996,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">ibid</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
., 
<materialsCitation id="3B3B3D05FFAD2F5FFC68FE8EFC13FEAD" collectionCode="C" country="Brazil" location="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="4997F9BAFFAD2F5FFC68FE8EFB3DFEC0" box="[1018,1186,266,292]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
, 1831, 
<emphasis id="B927EB4AFFAD2F5FFB64FE8EFEADFEAC" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<collectionCode id="ED42AF9DFFAD2F5FFB64FE8EFA93FEC0" box="[1270,1292,266,292]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. Gaudichaud-Beaupré 89 bis
</emphasis>
(MNHN-PC-PC0722518, 
<typeStatus id="54E889FAFFAD2F5FFDCDFEAAFD5AFEAC" box="[607,709,302,328]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
; fide 
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