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<mods:title id="8F1B7002D9145C267A4BA22F40D84490">New data on spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Iraqi Kurdistan, with new species and records</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA7CA1AB63191D450899F299A7B77971">Zamani, Alireza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="00DEC06097970B4B2A3FF8C6429AD5FA">Zoological Museum, Biodiversity Unit, FI- 20014 University of Turku, Turku 20500, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="23EB6B958E0BB06A1A46B22CE17822E6">Khudhur, Farhad A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="797E01DB30C823DF2005DB89401113CA">University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq &amp; University of Mendel, Brno, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0E3543E4F89C18AF654948A255555B6B" type="email">qi.ude.lusvinu@ruhduhk.dahraf</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D07627C41DDD1300007D3B6645FAB8A5">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="506181192924EB99437FBC9B698951D0">Institute for Biological Problems of the North FEB RAS, Magadan, Russia &amp; Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia &amp; Department of Zoology &amp; Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C3541C96515EFFE2FF6515F6FDAD7283" box="[151,526,951,978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="265" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF14F1D515EFFE2FF6515F6FDAD7283" blockId="5.[151,526,951,978]" box="[151,526,951,978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">
<heading id="D0B9F871515EFFE2FF6515F6FDAD7283" bold="true" box="[151,526,951,978]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="265" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93A930F515EFFE2FF6515F6FDAD7283" bold="true" box="[151,526,951,978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4E349E515EFFE2FF1C15F6FDAD7283" ID-CoL="494G" authority="Latreille, 1804" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[238,526,951,978]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Dysdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A930F515EFFE2FF1C15F6FEF27280" bold="true" box="[238,337,951,978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">Dysdera</emphasis>
Latreille, 1804
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<subSubSection id="C3541C96515EFFE2FF6515BEFD6475FB" pageId="5" pageNumber="265" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF14F1D515EFFE2FF6515BEFD6475FB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1023,1193]" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">
<emphasis id="B93A930F515EFFE2FF6515BEFEB7754B" bold="true" box="[151,276,1023,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">Comment.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C4E349E515EFFE2FEE915BEFED9754B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1804" box="[283,378,1023,1049]" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Dysdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93A930F515EFFE2FEE915BEFED9754B" box="[283,378,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">Dysdera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the largest spider genera, with 326 named species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF32EC515EFFE2FBD215BEFB01754B" author="WSC" box="[1056,1186,1023,1049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="265" refId="ref8532" refString="WSC (2024) World Spider Catalog. Version 25.0. Natural History Museum Bern, Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 4 May 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2" type="url" year="2024">WSC 2024</bibRefCitation>
). Only one species,
<taxonomicName id="4C4E349E515EFFE2FA731241FE12756F" authority="C. L. Koch, 1838" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1838" class="Arachnida" family="Dysderidae" genus="Dysdera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crocata">
<emphasis id="B93A930F515EFFE2FA731241FA36754B" box="[1409,1429,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">D</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B93A930F515EFFE2FF651265FF4F756F" box="[151,236,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">crocata</emphasis>
C.L. Koch, 1838
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, has a global distribution due to anthropogenic dispersal. The vast majority of the species have very limited ranges.Almost all species known from neighboring
<collectingCountry id="F3590F8D515EFFE2FC521209FC6E7530" box="[928,973,1096,1122]" name="Iran" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">Iran</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F3590F8D515EFFE2FBF31206FBF27533" box="[1025,1105,1095,1121]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">Turkey</collectingCountry>
are endemics or subendemics (Zamani
<emphasis id="B93A930F515EFFE2FEF3122DFE9575D7" box="[257,310,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">et al</emphasis>
. 2023;
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF32EC515EFFE2FE63122DFD3275D7" author="Danisman, T. &amp; Kunt, K. B. &amp; Ozkutuk, R. S. &amp; Cosar, I." box="[401,657,1131,1158]" pageId="5" pageNumber="265" refId="ref8305" refString="Danisman, T., Kunt, K. B., Ozkutuk, R. S. &amp; Cosar, I. (2024) The Checklist of the Spiders of Turkey. Version 2024, Online. Available from: http: // www. spidersofturkey. info (accessed 13 June 2024)" type="url" year="2024">
Danışman
<emphasis id="B93A930F515EFFE2FDFC122DFDEA75D7" box="[526,585,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="265">et al.</emphasis>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, for the two new species described here, we have only compared them with species from nearby regions.
</paragraph>
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