226 lines
31 KiB
XML
226 lines
31 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FF5DE3E314EF2AB5E5D8C01987F83B4D">A reassessment of the Andean genus Myopella Malloch (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E086237C3BBC6DFF093ABCFDC6F877" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8284456" ID-GBIF-Taxon="212460548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8284456" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E086237C3BBC6DFF093ABCFDC6F877" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E086237C3BBC6DFF093ABCFDC6F877" lastPageNumber="414" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
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<paragraph id="8BF637357C3BBC6DFF093ABCFD94FF78" blockId="1.[151,534,223,250]" box="[151,534,223,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
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<heading id="D0BE80597C3BBC6DFF093ABCFD94FF78" bold="true" box="[151,534,223,250]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF093ABCFD94FF78" bold="true" box="[151,534,223,250]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFF703ABCFD94FF78" ID-CoL="63D3M" ID-ENA="2173499" authority="Malloch, 1934" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1934" box="[238,534,223,250]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF703ABCFEDCFF7B" bold="true" box="[238,350,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFEF83ABCFD94FF78" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[358,534,223,249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="171 - 346" refId="ref3586" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1934) Muscidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 7 (2). British Museum of Natural History, London, pp. 171 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1934">Malloch, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35364BE7C3BBC6DFF093B47FA09FD1F" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF637357C3BBC6DFF093B47FB4AFEBD" blockId="1.[151,1434,291,347]" box="[151,1224,291,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB59101B7C3BBC6DFF093B47FB4AFEBD" box="[151,1224,291,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE811247C3BBC6DFF093B47FE45FEBA" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[151,455,291,316]" page="196" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" year="1934">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFF093B47FE45FEBA" ID-CoL="63D3M" authority="Malloch, 1934: 196" authorityName="Malloch" authorityPageNumber="196" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,455,291,316]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF093B47FF75FEBD" box="[151,247,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFF633B47FE45FEBA" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[253,455,291,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="171 - 346" refId="ref3586" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1934) Muscidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 7 (2). British Museum of Natural History, London, pp. 171 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1934">Malloch, 1934: 196</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F289977C3BBC6DFE4F3B47FD81FEBD" box="[465,515,292,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFDFE3B47FC4FFEBD" ID-CoL="8CY86" authority="Stein, 1904" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1904" box="[608,973,292,316]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFDFE3B47FCD3FEBD" box="[608,849,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopina appendiculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFCC93B47FC4FFEBD" author="Stein, P." box="[855,973,292,316]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="414 - 495" refId="ref3808" refString="Stein, P. (1904) Die Amerikanischen Anthomyiden des Koniglichen Museums fur Naturkunde zu Berlin und des Ungarischen National-Museums zu Budapest. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 2, 414 - 495." type="journal article" year="1904">Stein, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF637357C3BBC6DFF093B21FA18FEDB" blockId="1.[151,1434,291,347]" box="[151,1434,322,347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB59101B7C3BBC6DFF093B21FA18FEDB" box="[151,1434,322,347]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE811247C3BBC6DFF093B21FE7EFEDB" author="Michelsen, V." box="[151,508,322,346]" page="1273" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" year="2010">
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFF093B21FE7EFEDB" ID-CoL="9HYLM" authority="Michelsen, 2010" authorityName="Michelsen, 2010" authorityPageNumber="1273" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,508,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF093B21FE88FEDB" box="[151,266,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopinella</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFE8F3B21FE7EFEDB" author="Michelsen, V." box="[273,508,322,346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="1271 - 1276" refId="ref3625" refString="Michelsen, V. (2010) 106. Anthomyiidae (anthomyiid flies). In: Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 1271 - 1276." type="book chapter" year="2010">Michelsen, 2010: 1273</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFD983B21FDE6FEDB" bold="true" box="[518,612,322,346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E565C7C3BBC6DFD983B21FDE6FEDB" box="[518,612,322,346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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Unnecessary
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E565C7C3BBC6DFD6C3B20FC5EFEDB" box="[754,988,322,346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">new replacement name</taxonomicNameLabel>
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for
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFB983B21FB42FEDB" ID-CoL="63D3M" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[1030,1216,322,346]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFB983B21FBE4FEDB" box="[1030,1126,322,346]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella</emphasis>
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Malloch
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</taxonomicName>
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(see following note).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF637357C3BBC6DFF093BEBFA09FD1F" blockId="1.[151,1437,392,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF093BEBFE08FE23" box="[151,394,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Nomenclatorial note.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFE0B3BEBFDCAFE22" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[405,584,392,419]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="171 - 346" refId="ref3586" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1934) Muscidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 7 (2). British Museum of Natural History, London, pp. 171 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1934">Malloch (1934)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFCA53BEBFC27FE23" ID-CoL="63D3M" ID-ENA="2173499" authority="Malloch, 1934" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1934" box="[827,933,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFCA53BEBFC27FE23" box="[827,933,392,418]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFC4F3BEBFBBCFE23" ID-CoL="CZP" box="[977,1086,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Muscidae</taxonomicName>
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(now
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFB123BEBFAB3FE23" ID-CoL="6H7" baseAuthorityName="Michelsen 2010" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[1164,1329,392,418]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthomyiidae</taxonomicName>
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), thereby overlooking the earlier homonymous use of the name in
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFC993BCFFC02FE47" ID-CoL="8HX" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[775,896,428,454]" class="Insecta" family="Conopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Conopidae</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFC363BCFFB5EFE46" author="Robineau-Desvoidy, A. J. B." box="[936,1244,428,455]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="83 - 160" refId="ref3769" refString="Robineau-Desvoidy, A. J. B. (1853) Dipteres des environs de Paris. Famille des myopaires. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de l'Yonne, 7, 83 - 160." type="journal article" year="1853">Robineau-Desvoidy (1853)</bibRefCitation>
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. This homonomy was mentioned by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFEF63BB2FD08FE6A" author="Pont, A. C. & Ackland, D. M." box="[360,650,464,491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="5 - 56" refId="ref3715" refString="Pont, A. C. & Ackland, D. M. (2009) The types of Anthomyiidae (Diptera) in the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Germany. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 85, 5 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / zoos. 200800015" type="journal article" year="2009">Pont & Ackland (2009: 9)</bibRefCitation>
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, but no action taken. Accordingly, in my key to the Neotropical genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFF283B97FDF2FD8E" ID-CoL="6H7" authority="(Michelsen 2010)" baseAuthorityName="Michelsen 2010" baseAuthorityPageNumber="2010" baseAuthorityYear="2010" box="[182,624,500,527]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Anthomyiidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFEF83B97FDEAFD8E" author="Michelsen, V." box="[358,616,500,527]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="1271 - 1276" refId="ref3625" refString="Michelsen, V. (2010) 106. Anthomyiidae (anthomyiid flies). In: Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 2. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 1271 - 1276." type="book chapter" year="2010">Michelsen 2010: 1273</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, I proposed the new replacement name
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFBA93B97FB35FD8F" ID-CoL="9HYLM" authorityName="Michelsen, 2010" authorityYear="2010" box="[1079,1207,500,526]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFBA93B97FB35FD8F" box="[1079,1207,500,526]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopinella</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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for the preoccupied name
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFF42387BFE31FDB3" ID-CoL="63D3M" authority="Malloch." authorityName="Malloch." box="[220,435,536,562]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF42387BFEC4FDB3" box="[220,326,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella</emphasis>
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||
Malloch.
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</taxonomicName>
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This was unfortunate, as I subsequently realized (cf.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFB8D387BFAB5FDB2" author="Evenhuis, N. L. & O'Hara, J. E. & Pape, T. & Pont, A. C." box="[1043,1335,536,563]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 265" refId="ref3451" refString="Evenhuis, N. L., O'Hara, J. E., Pape, T. & Pont, A. C. (2010) Nomenclatural studies toward a World List of Diptera Genus-Group Names. Part I: Andre-Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy. Zootaxa, 2373 (1), 1 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3141.1.1" type="journal article" year="2010">
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||
Evenhuis
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFB1A387AFB3FFDB3" box="[1156,1213,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2010: 113
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
) that the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFF44385FFDA9FDD7" ID-CoL="63D3M" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1853" box="[218,555,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF44385FFEC6FDD7" box="[218,324,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella</emphasis>
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Robineau-Desvoidy
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</taxonomicName>
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||
by a ruling of the Commission (Opinion 1870) had been placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFCD23802FB90FDFA" author="ICZN" box="[844,1042,609,635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="133 - 135" refId="ref3519" refString="ICZN (1997) Opinion 1870. Sicus Scopoli, 1763 and Myopa Fabricius, 1775 (Insecta, Diptera): conserved by the designation of Conops ferrugineus Linnaeus, 1761 and C. buccatus Linnaeus, 1758 as the respective type species; and Coenomyia Latreille, 1776 placed on the Official List. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 54, 133 - 135." type="journal article" year="1997">ICZN 1997: 133</bibRefCitation>
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), evidently for reasons other than Malloch’s homonymous use of the name. Accordingly, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFCEE38E7FB06FD1E" ID-CoL="63D3M" authority="Malloch, 1934" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1934" box="[880,1156,644,671]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFCEE38E7FC58FD1F" box="[880,986,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84AC47C3BBC6DFC7E38E7FB06FD1E" author="Malloch, J. R." box="[992,1156,644,671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" pagination="171 - 346" refId="ref3586" refString="Malloch, J. R. (1934) Muscidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 7 (2). British Museum of Natural History, London, pp. 171 - 346." type="book chapter" year="1934">Malloch, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is re-instated herewith.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35364BE7C3BBC6DFF5938CBFCCDFA7E" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF637357C3BBC6DFF5938CBFCCDFA7E" blockId="1.[151,1437,392,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF5938CBFEF7FD43" bold="true" box="[199,373,680,706]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Small (wing length 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19AD07C3BBC6DFD1C38CAFD51FD42" box="[642,723,681,707]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8mm</quantity>
|
||
), wholly black anthomyiid flies (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722BB07C3BBC6DFBA938CBFB30FD42" box="[1079,1202,680,707]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[165,1409,180,1902]" captionTargetId="figure-15@2.[153,1435,179,1918]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Myopella angustifrons Malloch (A, B), M. appendiculata (Stein) (C), males. Habitus (A); head, dorso-lateral view (B, C). Same scale for B and C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281747" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281747/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Figs 1A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with dark pruinosity leaving no shine on facial parts of head and no dark pattern on dorsum of thorax and abdomen.Arista short, thickened basally, very short-pubescent. Mouthparts unremarkable with small, bicuspid prestomal teeth. One presutural pair of acrostichals stronger than prescutellar pair. Prealar seta very short, slightly spinose, surrounded by 2–3 similar, but finer spinules. Prosternum with strong marginal setulae. Vein C bare ventrally (excluding slightly ventrally displaced setulae from the lower anterior spinule-setula row). Upper calypter small, wider than long, lower calypter reduced to a narrow strip, concave at hind margin. Inner hind margin of hind coxa forming a conspicuous (males) or short (females) angular process. Fore tibia with 2 long
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFCB739C7FCB5FC3F" box="[809,823,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">d</emphasis>
|
||
setae; mid tibia with 1–2
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFBFC39C6FB15FC3F" box="[1122,1175,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">av–v</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFB2239C7FB5AFC3F" box="[1212,1240,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">ad</emphasis>
|
||
, 2
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFB6039C7FA98FC3F" box="[1278,1306,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">pd</emphasis>
|
||
setae; hind tibia with 3–4
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFEA539AAFED7FC63" box="[315,341,969,994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">av</emphasis>
|
||
, 3
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFEE739ABFE17FC63" box="[377,405,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">ad</emphasis>
|
||
and 3 long and a variable number of short
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFCE239ABFC1AFC63" box="[892,920,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">pd</emphasis>
|
||
setae. Male legs, especially fore femur, stout; all tarsi shorter than respective tibiae; distal tarsomeres wider than and as long as combined length of two preceding tarsomeres. Male abdomen: sternite I setulose; tergite III latero-ventrally expanded compared to adjacent tergites; sternites II–IV extremely modified with apodemal lateral extensions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722BB07C3BBC6DFC063E57FB96FBCE" box="[920,1044,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionTargetBox="[164,1423,194,1776]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[151,1436,181,1783]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Myopella appendiculata (Stein) (A), M. angustifrons Malloch (B), males. Sternites II–V (A); sternites I–V (B). Same scale for A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281751/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Figs 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Male terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722BB07C3BBC6DFB783E57FAE3FBCE" box="[1254,1377,1076,1103]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1949,1973]" captionTargetBox="[240,1355,190,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-15@4.[229,1358,181,1925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Myopella angustifrons Malloch, male terminalia. Hypopygium, lateral (A), and caudal (B); pre- and postgonite (C); phallus (D); sternite V (E). Same scale. Setae omitted on epandrium in A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281755/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Figs 3A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722BB07C3BBC6DFAF23E56FF2EFBF2" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[199,1391,192,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[188,1399,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Myopella appendiculata (Stein), male terminalia. Hypopygium, lateral (A), and caudal (B); pre- and postgonite (C); phallus (D); sternite V (E). Same scale. Setae omitted on epandrium in A and B." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281759/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">4A– E</figureCitation>
|
||
): sternite V large, posterior lobes long and slender, richly setose; tergite VI bare, fused together with pregenital sclerite; articulation between surstyli and the epandrium mediated by an intercalary sclerite; bacilliform sclerites absent; surstyli without usual anthomyiid subapical incision but with a row of 3–4 short denticles medio-ventrally; pregonites short, with single apical seta; postgonites short, with antero-basal seta and a few sensilla; phallus with short distiphallus bearing a simple, sheet-like acrophallus. Female abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722BB07C3BBC6DFC713E8BFBEEFA82" box="[1007,1132,1256,1283]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1303,1327]" captionTargetBox="[227,1371,192,1269]" captionTargetId="figure-15@6.[216,1371,181,1279]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Myopella appendiculata (Stein), female abdomen. Tergites I–V (A); sternites I–V (B). Same scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281761" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281761/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Figs 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
): sternite I bare; segment V extended, 1.5–2 times as long as segment IV; posterior margin of tergite V with a pair of dorso-lateral membranous incisions leaving three flexible sclerotized flaps that, together with a similar flap from sternite V, help to seal the tip of segment V after full retraction of the ovipositor. Ovipositor (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722BB07C3BBC6DFCCF3F37FC51FAEF" box="[849,979,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[201,1382,184,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[201,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Myopella appendiculata (Stein) (A, B), M. angustifrons (Malloch) (C, D), females. Ovipositor, flat mounted (A, C); spermathecae (B, D). Same scale for A, B and D." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281765" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281765/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Figs 6A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
): sternites VI and VII only maintained on posterior part of each segment; segment VIII without dorsal hind marginal setae/setulae; epiproct much wider than long, with two unequal pairs of setulae; hypoproct small, smooth and slender with 2(–3) tiny setulae; cerci helmetshaped, smooth sclerites with short setulae and a few sensilla arising from enlarged alveoles; spermathecae oblong, somewhat irregular in shape; ducts very slender on distal part.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35364BE7C3BBC6DFF593C6BFB6EF933" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF637357C3BBC6DFF593C6BFB6EF933" blockId="1.[151,1437,392,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF593C6BFEE3F9A3" bold="true" box="[199,353,1544,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus with only two known species has been found exclusively under the harsh, cool temperate conditions of the Central and South Andes, ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="4CB19AD07C3BBC6DFC8C3C4EFCE2F9C6" box="[786,864,1581,1607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.029999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" unit="m" value="4030.0">4030m</quantity>
|
||
asl in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35E77A57C3BBC6DFC393C4EFC58F9C6" box="[935,986,1581,1607]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
to sea level on Tierra del Fuego (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13722BB07C3BBC6DFAD43C4FFA0CF9C6" box="[1354,1422,1580,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[151,1436,181,1893]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE7. KnownrecordsofMyopella angustifronsMalloch (blackdots) andM.appendiculata(Stein) (bluedots)superimposed on a map of South America." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8281767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8281767/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The known South Andean range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFD803C33FC9AF9EA" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1934" box="[542,792,1616,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFD803C33FC9AF9EA" box="[542,792,1616,1643]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella angustifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
coincides with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFB8C3C32FB54F9EB" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1904" box="[1042,1238,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFB8C3C32FB54F9EB" box="[1042,1238,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">M. appendiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The only species found at very high altitudes in the Central Andes is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFD493C16FC1FF90F" authorityName="Stein" authorityYear="1904" box="[727,925,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFD493C16FC1FF90F" box="[727,925,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">M. appendiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The reason might be that the fully feminized (broad-fronted) male head makes it better adjusted for a living in wind-stroken and barren habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35364BE7C3BBC6DFF593CDFFDC6F877" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF637357C3BBC6DFF593CDFFDC6F877" blockId="1.[151,1437,392,2038]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFF593CDFFEA5F957" bold="true" box="[199,295,1724,1750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown apart from what can be inferred from the morphology of the adult flies. The pronounced feminization of the male head in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFDB43C83FCC2F97B" baseAuthorityName="Stein" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[554,832,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appendiculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFDB43C83FCC2F97B" box="[554,832,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella appendiculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
indicates an adjustment to “terrestrial” rather than “aerial” courtship behavior necessitated by a living in open, windy habitats (alpine meadows, littoral zones). Other adjustments to a “terrestrial” life found in both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C494CB67C3BBC6DFCB13D4BFC1BF8C3" box="[815,921,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Anthomyiidae" genus="Myopella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93DEB277C3BBC6DFCB13D4BFC1BF8C3" box="[815,921,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="414">Myopella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the stout legs with short, robust tarsi and abundant setae. The strongly modified venter of the male abdomen may also play a role in courtship behavior (release of sex pheromones?). The flaps at the hind margin of the female segment V effectively seal the entrance to the fully retracted soft-cuticular ovipositor, a possible means to reduce water loss in dry periods. The long, soft ovipositor with short cerci suggests that oviposition takes place within some kind of decaying organic matter in which larval development takes place.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |