182 lines
22 KiB
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182 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="12FF07165820EF05955DD477FA103704" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5353.4.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="C76FDD6A-9810-4A5D-99C9-FE8F22C635DF" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1697020536641" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Delgado, Alonso, Larson, Paul, Sheridan, Nancy & Daly, Marymegan" docDate="2023" docId="03D64103140BCC58FF07AC94FB33FE39" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5353.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5353 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.4.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bellactis Dube 1983" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="382" masterDocId="FFEF397B1409CC5CFF90A97AFF84FFB0" masterDocTitle="Bellactis lux n. sp. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Aiptasiidae), a new sea anemone from the Gulf of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="392" masterPageNumber="379" pageNumber="381" updateTime="1697020605757" updateUser="GgImagineBatch" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1FCDBD4C9945AC8B037078EA96CC8EF4">Bellactis lux n. sp. (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Aiptasiidae), a new sea anemone from the Gulf of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="43D2F65836451C0599563FE00CF47172">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="96F93C6411C83E1C6F8CE7567324D5D7">Delgado, Alonso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="07BB003FEBBBE24F1AE14F7D28577629">Department of Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio USA 43210 delgado. 152 @ osu. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7874 - 0293</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB0CA04E75D102298ABCE740663037C7" type="email">delgado.152@osu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D7D4481FB617FEDC9E14E6351B0F267B">Larson, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E04BB97B6647127FE9A38B1DCC89DA1D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4698-3124</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6045AEE9A58060077B7391D6532C99C9">Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 8 Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA paul. larson @ myfwc. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4698 - 3124</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C16674893F7C2DB9424FAA70A28ABCCF" type="email">paul.larson@myfwc.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5F0571B2FC4B327C8BA70CCF6ED3BB42">Sheridan, Nancy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AB6AA7D6E74AFF5CB77E73360253C99B" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4698-3124</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="F091C2E076C29F7CC64E5677B019C31D">Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 100 8 Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA paul. larson @ myfwc. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4698 - 3124</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0C9F2A0BC19A7D8F42D53DDAB4533DAD" type="email">paul.larson@myfwc.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="006F2C2B50C5EDB8056BDD6C01BA5FA3">Daly, Marymegan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE0C274DA3C90AF74216FD8530301AFD">Department of Evolution, Ecology & Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio USA 43210 delgado. 152 @ osu. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7874 - 0293</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3050AD615E85460603ABEEB200178B44" type="email">delgado.152@osu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="05796BB12F29875F7F0EB744EFC8E366">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4A8F5CCA49A05BA4649A78C0875BF0E7">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="57C02EE9C0426AFBF33BA5DFB2FB9F30">2023-10-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="35A1C27DA8643A7091B6FE4EDB29E9F2">5353</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="FC95961FFF092D285E857466DE2E9823">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5353.4.5</mods:url>
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<subSubSection id="C365A39E140BCC5EFF07AC94FE6EF9B8" box="[151,490,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC0F015140BCC5EFF07AC94FE6EF9B8" blockId="2.[151,490,1518,1545]" box="[151,490,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">
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<heading id="D0884779140BCC5EFF07AC94FE6EF9B8" bold="true" box="[151,490,1518,1545]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140BCC5EFF07AC94FE6EF9B8" bold="true" box="[151,490,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140BCC5EFF7EAC94FE6EF9B8" ID-CoL="7NQMH" authority="Dube, 1983" authorityName="Dube" authorityYear="1983" box="[238,490,1518,1545]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140BCC5EFF7EAC94FED2F9B9" bold="true" box="[238,342,1518,1545]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Bellactis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE8DE4140BCC5EFECEAC95FE6EF9B8" author="Dube, V. M." box="[350,490,1518,1545]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" pagination="82 - 93" refId="ref6846" refString="Dube, V. M. (1983) Contribuic " o Ao Estudo de Anemonas-Do-Mar Do Esta Do Da Bahia. Natura, 83 (5), 82 - 93." type="journal article" year="1983">Dube, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C365A39E140BCC58FF07AF4DFB33FE39" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC0F015140BCC5EFF07AF4DFD15F899" blockId="2.[151,1437,1590,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">
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Diagnosis: (after
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE8DE4140BCC5EFECDAF4DFE66F9E1" author="Dube, V. M." box="[349,482,1591,1617]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" pagination="82 - 93" refId="ref6846" refString="Dube, V. M. (1983) Contribuic " o Ao Estudo de Anemonas-Do-Mar Do Esta Do Da Bahia. Natura, 83 (5), 82 - 93." type="journal article" year="1983">Dube, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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with changes in bold)
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140BCC5EFD79AF4DFCEDF9E1" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1924" box="[745,873,1591,1617]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="2" pageNumber="381" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Aiptasiidae</taxonomicName>
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with broad base. Column smooth, thin, with
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140BCC5EFAE2AF4CFF54F9C5" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">2–4 rows</emphasis>
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of cinclides in mid-column; distinction between scapus and capitulum generally distinguishable in living specimens. Mesogleal marginal sphincter weak, alveolar,
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140BCC5EFCBCAF05FB50F928" bold="true" box="[812,1236,1662,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">may be absent in small individuals</emphasis>
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. Oral disc lobed. Tentacles very numerous, stout. More mesenteries proximally than distally. Mesenteries irregularly arranged; six or seven pairs of perfect mesenteries; first and second cycles fertile.
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140BCC5EFCFCAFBDFABAF950" bold="true" box="[876,1342,1734,1761]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Retractor muscles broad but restricted.</emphasis>
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Acontia numerous. Asexual reproduction via longitudinal fission and pedal laceration occurs in at least some members. Hosts
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140BCC5EFF4EAE74FE24F898" bold="true" box="[222,416,1806,1832]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Symbiodinaceae</emphasis>
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spp. in gastrodermis.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC0F015140BCC5EFF57AE49FEEBF825" blockId="2.[151,1437,1590,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="381">Cnidom: spirocysts (tentacles), basitrichs (pedal disc, column, tentacles, actinopharynx, filaments, acontia), and microbasic b-mastigophores (column) and microbasic p-amastigophores (pedal disc, tentacles, actinopharynx, filaments, acontia).</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF00A09D140ACC5FFF08ACA6FCCAF934" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" startId="3.[152,255,1500,1524]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1476]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BC0F015140ACC5FFF08ACA6FCCAF934" blockId="3.[151,1437,1500,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="382">
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140ACC5FFF08ACA6FE9CFA44" bold="true" box="[152,280,1500,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="382">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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External anatomy of specimen
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140ACC5FFDCAACA6FD5CFA44" authority="Delgado & Larson & Sheridan & Daly, 2023" authorityName="Delgado & Larson & Sheridan & Daly" authorityYear="2023" box="[602,728,1500,1524]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lux" status="n. sp.">
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140ACC5FFDCAACA6FD5CFA44" box="[602,728,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="382">Bellactis lux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140ACC5FFD74ACA6FC99FA44" bold="true" box="[740,797,1500,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="382">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A238917C140ACC5FFD74ACA6FC99FA44" box="[740,797,1500,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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A. Top view of living animal, showing oral disc and mouth. B. Side view of living animal, showing tentacles, column, and limbus. Pedal disc is retracted into the proximal column. C. Lateral view of living animal, showing raised cinclides in mid-column. Tentacles inflated and pointed inwards. The scale bar is 5mm. D. Lateral view of preserved animal, showing outer tentacles forming bunches in the endo- and exo- coels of last cycles of two short tentacles flanking a longer middle tentacle. Scale bar is 10mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC0F015140ACC58FF57AFACFB33FE39" blockId="3.[151,1437,1750,2029]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="383" pageId="3" pageNumber="382">
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Explanation of changes: The diagnosis above incorporates information from previous descriptions and revisions (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE8DE4140ACC5FFF31AF80FE7CF8A4" author="Grajales, A. & Rodriguez, E." box="[161,504,1786,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" pagination="55 - 100" refId="ref7279" refString="Grajales, A. & Rodriguez, E. (2014) Morphological revision of the genus Aiptasia and the family Aiptasiidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Metridioidea). Zootaxa, 3826 (1), 55 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3826.1.2" type="journal article" year="2014">Grajales and Rodríguez 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE8DE4140ACC5FFD97AF80FD5EF8A5" author="Ocana, O. & Den Hartog, J. C. & Brito, A. & Moro, L. & Herrera, R. & Martin, J. & Bacallado, J. J." box="[519,730,1786,1813]" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" refId="ref7925" refString="Ocana, O., Den Hartog, J. C., Brito, A., Moro, L., Herrera, R., Martin, J. & Bacallado, J. J. (2015) A survey on Anthozoa and its habitats along the Northwest African coast and some islands: new records, descriptions of new taxa and biogeographical, ecological and taxonomical comments. Part I. Available from: http: // rua. ua. es / dspace / handle / 10045 / 52860 (accessed 2 October 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
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Ocaña
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140ACC5FFDC9AF81FD12F8A4" box="[601,662,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="382">et al.</emphasis>
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2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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) and information from the species described here. Per these additional records, we note that the base of many specimens is regular and oval, rather than irregular as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE8DE4140ACC5FFF2BAE38FEC8F8EC" author="Dube, V. M." box="[187,332,1858,1884]" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" pagination="82 - 93" refId="ref6846" refString="Dube, V. M. (1983) Contribuic " o Ao Estudo de Anemonas-Do-Mar Do Esta Do Da Bahia. Natura, 83 (5), 82 - 93." type="journal article" year="1983">Dube (1983)</bibRefCitation>
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, although this feature varies among specimens and depends on the state of contraction. Likewise, the column is variable in height, from squat to elongate, depending on contraction. Whether the column is divided into a capitulum and scapus is not known for
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140ACC5FFD05AEF1FCA5F814" authorityName="Ocana, den Hartog & Brito" authorityYear="2015" box="[661,801,1930,1956]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140ACC5FFD05AEF1FCA5F814" box="[661,801,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="382">B. caeruleus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but in
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140ACC5FFCE6AEF1FB81F814" authorityName=", Dube" authorityYear="1983" box="[886,1029,1930,1956]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ilkalyseae">
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140ACC5FFCE6AEF1FB81F814" box="[886,1029,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="382">B. ilkalyseae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140ACC5FFBACAEF1FBF9F814" authorityName="Delgado & Larson & Sheridan & Daly" authorityYear="2023" box="[1084,1149,1930,1956]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lux">
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140ACC5FFBACAEF1FBF9F814" box="[1084,1149,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="382">B. lux</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, this distinction is visible in living specimens (see Discussion). Tentacles are stout and may appear short relative to the column when the animal is extended. Retractor muscles restricted to diffuse:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE8DE4140ACC5FFCBEAEA8FB07F85C" author="Grajales, A. & Rodriguez, E." box="[814,1155,2002,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="382" pagination="55 - 100" refId="ref7279" refString="Grajales, A. & Rodriguez, E. (2014) Morphological revision of the genus Aiptasia and the family Aiptasiidae (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Metridioidea). Zootaxa, 3826 (1), 55 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3826.1.2" type="journal article" year="2014">Grajales and Rodriguez (2014</bibRefCitation>
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||
: Fig. 18A) show sections through the
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<typeStatus id="54C44EB7140DCC58FEB4A9EDFED0FF01" box="[292,340,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="383">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140DCC58FE28A9EDFDCDFF01" authorityName=", Dube" authorityYear="1983" box="[440,585,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="383" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ilkalyseae">
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<emphasis id="B90B2C07140DCC58FE28A9EDFDCDFF01" box="[440,585,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="383">B. ilkalyseae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that are wide but restricted, and we see the same morphology in the new species described here and in
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140DCC58FE64A9C1FD00FF65" authorityName="Ocana, den Hartog & Brito" authorityYear="2015" box="[500,644,187,213]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="383" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90B2C07140DCC58FE64A9C1FD00FF65" box="[500,644,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="383">B. caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Asexual reproduction via longitudinal fission has been documented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140DCC58FF25A9A5FEC1FF49" authorityName=", Dube" authorityYear="1983" box="[181,325,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="383" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ilkalyseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90B2C07140DCC58FF25A9A5FEC1FF49" box="[181,325,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="383">B. ilkalyseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE8DE4140DCC58FE11A9A5FD49FF49" author="Oliveira, T. G. L. & Gomes, P. B." box="[385,717,222,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="383" pagination="67 - 72" refId="ref8026" refString="Oliveira, T. G. L. & Gomes, P. B. (2005) Primeira descric " o do comportamento de Bellactis ilkalyseae (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) durante o processo de reproduc " o assexuada. Tropical Oceanography, 33 (1), 67 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5914 / tropocean. v 33 i 1.5071" type="journal article" year="2005">OLIVEIRA and Gomes 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and pedal laceration is reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140DCC58FBFFA9A5FB78FF49" authorityName="Ocana, den Hartog & Brito" authorityYear="2015" box="[1135,1276,223,249]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="383" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90B2C07140DCC58FBFFA9A5FB78FF49" box="[1135,1276,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="383">B. caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE8DE4140DCC58FAA9A9A5FF7CFEAD" author="Ocana, O. & Den Hartog, J. C. & Brito, A. & Moro, L. & Herrera, R. & Martin, J. & Bacallado, J. J." pageId="4" pageNumber="383" refId="ref7925" refString="Ocana, O., Den Hartog, J. C., Brito, A., Moro, L., Herrera, R., Martin, J. & Bacallado, J. J. (2015) A survey on Anthozoa and its habitats along the Northwest African coast and some islands: new records, descriptions of new taxa and biogeographical, ecological and taxonomical comments. Part I. Available from: http: // rua. ua. es / dspace / handle / 10045 / 52860 (accessed 2 October 2023)" type="url" year="2015">
|
||
Ocaña
|
||
<emphasis id="B90B2C07140DCC58FA18A9A5FF30FEAD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="383">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE8DE4140DCC58FEBFA879FE55FEAD" author="Dube, V. M." box="[303,465,259,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="383" pagination="82 - 93" refId="ref6846" refString="Dube, V. M. (1983) Contribuic " o Ao Estudo de Anemonas-Do-Mar Do Esta Do Da Bahia. Natura, 83 (5), 82 - 93." type="journal article" year="1983">Dube’s (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
statement that they are not capable of asexual reproduction is incorrect and has been corrected in the genus diagnosis. Previous accounts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140DCC58FD6EA85DFC0AFEF1" authorityName=", Dube" authorityYear="1983" box="[766,910,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="383" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ilkalyseae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90B2C07140DCC58FD6EA85DFC0AFEF1" box="[766,910,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="383">B. ilkalyseae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7F8B96140DCC58FC54A85DFBD5FEF1" authorityName="Ocana, den Hartog & Brito" authorityYear="2015" box="[964,1105,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Aiptasiidae" genus="Bellactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="383" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caeruleus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90B2C07140DCC58FC54A85DFBD5FEF1" box="[964,1105,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="383">B. caeruleus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
describing irregularly-placed tentacles may be attributable to asexual reproduction, as might the variation in the shape of the pedal disc. We have amended the identity of the photosymbionts to reflect contemporary taxonomy of that lineage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |