318 lines
43 KiB
XML
318 lines
43 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="138BF4B068E8D2583135B8A16C141F19">The Lower Pliocene marine gastropods of Santa Maria Island, Azores: Taxonomy and palaeobiogeographic implications</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03CF879C2C0B095FFF1DFF77FE8A704B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7975750" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209633137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7975750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF879C2C0B095FFF1DFF77FE8A704B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF879C2C0B095FFF1DFF77FE8A704B" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subSubSection id="C37C65012C0B095CFF1DFF77FE5974CE" box="[151,483,150,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C0B095CFF1DFF77FE5974CE" blockId="25.[151,483,150,219]" box="[151,483,150,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<heading id="D09181E62C0B095CFF1DFF77FE5974CE" bold="true" box="[151,483,150,177]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFF1DFF77FE5974CE" ID-CoL="eb218357-f7e8-4d4b-9ef1-ef1d2d83e040" authority="Bronn, 1861" authorityName="Bronn" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,483,150,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hartungi">
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF1DFF77FE5974CE" bold="true" box="[151,483,150,177]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF1DFF77FEF074CF" bold="true" box="[151,330,150,177]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Turbo hartungi</emphasis>
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Bronn, 1861
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37C65012C0B095CFF1DFF5AFE9774A5" box="[151,301,187,219]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C0B095CFF1DFF5AFE9774A5" blockId="25.[151,483,150,219]" box="[151,301,187,219]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C0B095CFF1DFF5AFE9C74AB" box="[151,294,187,219]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="138.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@138.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="138" captionText="PLATE 1. A. Danilia pterostomus (Bronn, 1861), height 5.0 mm, width 4.0 mm, Forno da Cré (figure taken from Bronn in Hartung, 1861, pl. 19, fig. 2). B1-B2. Emarginula octaviana Coen, 1939, DBUA-F 487-1, height 1.8 mm, diameter 3.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. C. Bolma cf. rugosa (Linné, 1767), DBUA-F 471-3, diameter 4.1 mm, Ponta do Castelo. D1-D5. Turbo hartungi Bronn 1861, DBUA-F 1295-1, height 9.0 mm, width 8.0 mm, Malbusca (east cave). E1-E3. Nerita cf. funata Dujardin, 1837, DBUA-F 917-1, height 4.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo. F1-F2. Thericium crenulosum (Bronn, 1862), height 10.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Ponta do Norte lighthouse, LNEG collection (unnumbered). G1-G2. Thericium hartungi (Mayer, 1862), height 29.0 mm, width 13.0 mm, Pinheiros (figure taken from Bronn in Reiss, 1862, pl. 1, fig. 11). H1-H2. Thericium incultum (Mayer, 1862), DBUA-F 1034-2, height 23.0 mm, width 10.0 mm, Macela viewpoint. I1-I2. Thericium incultum (Mayer, 1862), DBUA-F 1027-1, height 29.0 mm, width 11.0 mm, Malbusca II. J1-J2, K1-K2. Bittium miradouroense nov. sp., Holotype DBUAF 1034-5, height 6.8 mm, width 1.9 mm (J); Paratype DBUA-F 1034-6(1), height 5.3 mm, width 1.9 mm (K), Macela viewpoint. L1-L2, M1-M2. Bittium nov. sp., DBUA-F 488-2, height 4.5 mm, width 1.8 mm (L), height 4.2 mm, width 1.7 mm (M), Ponta do Castelo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965287" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965287/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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Plate 1 D
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<subScript id="17E234CF2C0B095CFF75FF2CFEBD74A5" attach="left" box="[255,263,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1</subScript>
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-D
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</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="135D2A0F2C0B095CFEAFFF2CFE9774A5" box="[293,301,205,219]" captionStart="PLATE 5" captionStartId="146.[151,234,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-24@146.[203,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="146" captionText="PLATE 5. A1-A2. Tritia atlantica (Mayer, 1862), DBUA-F 1295-2, height 13.0 mm, width 6.5 mm, Malbusca (east cave). B1-B2 C1-C2. Tritia serraticosta (Ĥrnes, 1852), DBUA-F 1292-A, height 6.2 mm, width 4.1 mm (B); height 8.1 mm, width 4.2 mm (C), Macela viewpoint. D. Tritia vetulum (Mayer, 1862), height 12.0 mm, width 6.0 mm, Pinheiros (figure taken from Bronn in Reiss, 1862, pl. 1, fig. 5). E1-E2. Aplus sp., height 7.5 mm, width 4.0 mm, Ponta do Castelo, LNEG collection (unnumbered). F1- F2. Orania cf. bellardiana (Foresti, 1884), DBUA-F 828-2, height 17.0 mm, width 12.0 mm, Ponta dos Frades. G1-G2. Favartia suboblonga (d’Orbigny, 1852), DBUA-F 946-3, height 19.0 mm, width 10.0 mm, Ponta dos Cedros. H1-H2. Bellardithala obsoleta (Brocchi, 1814), DBUA-F 542-4, height 5.9 mm, width 2.0 mm, Ponta dos Frades. I1-I2 J. Cancilla volvaria (Bronn, 1862), DBUA-F 937-2, height 10.9 mm, width 4.8 mm (I), Ponta do Castelo; height 15.5 mm, width 5.5 mm (J), Pinheiros (figure taken from Bronn in Reiss, 1862, pl. 1, fig. 4). K. Mitra (s.l.) peregrinula Mayer, 1864 species inquirenda, height 5.5 mm, width 2.5 mm, Feteirinhas (= Ponta das Salinas) (figure taken from Mayer, 1864, pl. 7, fig. 61). L1-L2. Mitra (s.l.) sp., DBUA-F 1295-3, height 12.9 mm, width 7.0 mm, Malbusca (east cave). M. Africonus trochilus (Mayer, 1864), length 16.0 mm, width 9.0 mm (incomplete spire fragment), Pinheiros, (figure taken from Mayer, 1864, pl. 7, fig. 60). N1-N2. Lautoconus cf. anomalomamillus (Sacco, 1893), DBUA-F 924-1, height 22.0 mm, width 11.0 mm, Malbusca. O. Plagioconus sp., height 35.5 mm, width 16.0 mm, unknown locality, LNEG collection (unnumbered). P1-P2 Q. Stephanoconus candidatus (Mayer, 1862), DBUA-F 913, diameter 19.0 mm (apical fragment of juvenile), Ponta dos Frades (P); diameter 40.0 mm, height 22.0 mm (incomplete spire fragment), Pinheiros (figure taken from Bronn in Reiss, pl. 1, fig. 1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7965299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7965299/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<subScript id="17E234CF2C0B095CFEAFFF2CFE9774A5" attach="left" box="[293,301,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">5</subScript>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37C65012C0B095CFF1DFEE1FD7D752B" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C0B095CFF1DFEE1FD4F7569" blockId="25.[151,757,255,341]" box="[151,757,255,280]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF1DFEE1FF1E7569" box="[151,164,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">*</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFF2EFF1EFE277569" authority="Bronn" authorityName="Bronn" box="[164,413,255,279]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Trochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hartungi">
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF2EFF1EFEE27569" box="[164,344,255,279]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trochus Hartungi</emphasis>
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Bronn
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</taxonomicName>
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in Hartung 1861: 118, figs. 1 a-c.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C0B095CFF1DFEFFFD617548" blockId="25.[151,757,255,341]" box="[151,731,286,310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C0B095CFF1DFEFFFD617548" box="[151,731,286,310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFF1DFEFFFECB754B" authority="Br." authorityName="Br." box="[151,369,286,310]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Trochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hartungi">
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF1DFEFFFEF1754B" box="[151,331,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trochus Hartungi</emphasis>
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Br.
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</taxonomicName>
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in Hrtg.—Bronn in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C0B095CFDB4FEFFFD6D7548" author="Reiss, W." box="[574,727,286,310]" page="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1862">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C0B095CFDB4FEFFFD6D7548" author="Reiss, W." box="[574,727,286,310]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref122153" refString="Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1862">Reiss 1862: 32</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C0B095CFF1DFEDDFD7D752B" blockId="25.[151,757,255,341]" box="[151,711,316,341]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7611A42C0B095CFF1DFEDDFD7D752B" box="[151,711,316,341]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFF1DFEDDFEC6752B" ID-CoL="eb218357-f7e8-4d4b-9ef1-ef1d2d83e040" authority="Bronn" authorityName="Bronn" box="[151,380,316,341]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hartungi">
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||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF1DFEDDFE8D752A" box="[151,311,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Turbo Hartungi</emphasis>
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Bronn
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC7109B2C0B095CFE1CFEDCFD80752A" author="Mayer, K." box="[406,570,316,341]" page="60" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" year="1864">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C0B095CFE1CFEDCFD80752A" author="Mayer, K." box="[406,570,316,341]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref114600" refString="Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls." type="book" year="1864">Mayer 1864: 60</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 6, fig. 39.
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37C65012C0B095CFF1DFE62FC687677" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C0B095CFF1DFE62FDE075BF" blockId="25.[151,1437,386,1997]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B0E3CD72C0B095CFF1DFE62FDEC75BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4117111309" collectorName="Ponta dos Matos" location="Azores" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acores" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF1DFE62FEFD75E2" bold="true" box="[151,327,386,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
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<typeStatus id="54DD88282C0B095CFF1DFE62FF6875E3" box="[151,210,387,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
Single specimen height 25.0 mm, width 25.0 mm,
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||
<collectorName id="2693535C2C0B095CFC19FE62FBEE75E3" box="[915,1108,387,413]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Ponta dos Matos</collectorName>
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||
, Santa Maria Island,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C0B095CFACFFE62FA2275E3" box="[1349,1432,387,413]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Azores</collectingRegion>
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||
; whereabouts unknown (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C0B095CFE29FE46FDF775BF" author="Beu, A. G." box="[419,589,422,449]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" pagination="119 - 222" refId="ref94683" refString="Beu, A. G. (2017) Evolution of Janthina and Recluzia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Epitoniidae). Records of the Australian Museum, 69, 119 - 222. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 2201 - 4349.69.2017.1666" type="journal article" year="2017">Beu 2017: 165</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C0B095CFF4DFE2BFC687677" blockId="25.[151,1437,386,1997]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF4DFE2BFDF5759A" bold="true" box="[199,591,458,484]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Santa Maria material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum height 9.0 mm, width 8.0 mm.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED77AE4F2C0B095CFBBDFE2AFB25759B" box="[1079,1183,459,485]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">DBUA-F</collectionCode>
|
||
1295-1 (1), Malbusca (east cave), Santa Maria Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C0B095CFE74FE0EFDEA7677" box="[510,592,495,521]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Touril Complex, Lower Pliocene.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C0B095FFF4DFDF3FE7C7563" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C0B095CFF4DFDF3FE2D72F7" blockId="25.[151,1437,386,1997]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF4DFDF3FE7A7652" bold="true" box="[199,448,530,556]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Original description.</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFE46FDF2FD247013" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Eine lose senkrecht durchgespaltene Steinerfüllte Schale ohne Mūndung, von der Form und Grösse unseres
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFEF1FDD6FD82762F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[379,568,567,593]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">Turbo fimbriatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
und des
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFD14FDD6FCEE762F" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[670,852,567,593]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Trochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patulus">Trochus patulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, erstem von unten und letztem von oben ähnlich. Er ist 25
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFF52FDBAFEF2760B" box="[216,328,603,629]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Marmarostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hoch">Mm. hoch</taxonomicName>
|
||
und
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFE0FFDBAFE06760B" box="[389,444,603,629]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Marmarostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="breit">breit</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Die Oberseite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFDFAFDBAFD1E760B" box="[624,676,603,629]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Marmarostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="breit">breit</taxonomicName>
|
||
kegelförmig, spitz, mit seichter Naht und flachen Windungen. Der Querschnitt der inneren Höhle ist rundlich, etwas quer (in der Zeichnung (b) breiter, weil der Querbruch schief auf die Achse geht). Die Unterseite scheint wenig gewölbt; die Schale in der Nabelgegend sehr dick, theilweise in Folge der Auflagerung einer der oberen und inneren Seite des letzten Umgangs entsprechenden Schalen-Schicht auf die des vorletzten, wodurch auch der Nabel gänzlich verdeckt worden zu sein scheint. Der äussere Umfang der 5-6 Umgänge ist von oben nach unten
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFDC0FCEEFDC47757" box="[586,638,783,809]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Marmarostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="breit">breit</taxonomicName>
|
||
abgerundet; die Höhe der Gewind-Seite verhält sich zu der der Nabel-Seite = 3:2. Letzte zeigt in der Nähe des Nabels eine seichte Spiralfurche, die eine glatte flache Nabel-schwiele einzufassen scheint; darum eine breite glatte und nur fein strahliggestreifte Spiralzone; dann ganz in der Nähe des äusseren Umfangs und auf der gewölbten Aussenfläche selbst 7 an Grösse abwechselnd etwas ungleiche rundliche Spiral-Reife (c), über welche auf der schief abfallenden Oberseite der Windung noch 7–8 andere folgen, die, gleich ihren etwas engeren Zwischen-räumen und gleich jenen vorigen, parallel zur Mündung schief gestreift sind. Nur oben nächst der Naht treten diese Streifen weiter aus einander und werden stärker; so dass die 2—3 obersten Spiral-Reife undeulich werden und ein wellig-knotiges Ansehen bekommen, so dass der Naht-Reif etwa 36 schiefe Knötchen auf der letzten Windung trägt. Der nächst vorhergehende Umgang des Gewindes zeigt unterhalb dieser welligen Spiralzone nur noch 3 einfache Reife
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[An almost vertically split stone-filled shell without aperture, of the shape and size of our
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFE1CFB96FDEF70EF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[406,597,1143,1169]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fimbriatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFE1CFB96FDEF70EF" box="[406,597,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Turbo fimbriatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C0B095CFD36FB96FCCA70EF" authorityName="Brocchi" authorityYear="1814" box="[700,880,1143,1169]" class="Gastropoda" family="Trochidae" genus="Trochus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="patulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFD36FB96FCCA70EF" box="[700,880,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trochus patulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, similar to the former from below and the latter from above. It is
|
||
<quantity id="4C9E9B6F2C0B095CFEEAFB7BFE0B70CB" box="[352,433,1178,1205]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height and width. The upper side broadly cone-shaped, pointed, with shallow suture and flat whorl. The cross-section of the inner cavity is roundish, somewhat transverse (in the drawing (b) wider, because the transverse fracture runs obliquely to the vertical axis). The underside seems to be slightly convex; the shell in the umbilical region is very thick, partly as a result of the accumulation of a shell layer corresponding to the upper and inner side of the last whorl on that of the penultimate one, whereby the umbilicus seems to have been completely covered. The periphery of the 5-6 whorls is broadly rounded throughout from top to bottom; the height of the whorls side relative to the umbilical side [height-width ratio] is = 3:2. The base shows a shallow spiral groove near the umbilicus, which seems to surround a smooth flat umbilical callus; leaving therefore a broad smooth and only finely spirally striate zone; then very close to the curved periphery 7 irregular spirals of alternating strength (c), above which 7-8 further spirals on the shoulder, which are like the previous spirals somewhat narrower than their interspaces and parallel to the aperture and obliquely striated. Only near the suture are the cords stronger and wider spaced; so that the 2-3 uppermost spirals become subobsolete and wavy-nodular, about 36 oblique nodules on the last whorl. The penultimate whorl bears only 3 simple spirals below the wavy spiral adjacent to the suture.]” (Bronn in Hartung 1861: 118).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C0B095CFF4DF973FEB773B3" blockId="25.[151,1437,386,1997]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C0B095CFF4DF973FE0672D2" bold="true" box="[199,444,1682,1708]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Revised description.</emphasis>
|
||
Shell small, turbiniform. Protoconch paucispiral, 1.5 flattened whorls. Teleoconch of five whorls, first two whorls flattened to shoulder, shoulder sharply angled, straight below to suture. Shoulder bearing small open spines. Third whorl subsutural ramp becoming increasingly convex, portion below shoulder covered by succeeding whorl. Suture relatively deep, undulating around shoulder spines. Sculpture of rounded cords of slightly irregular strength interrupted by close set strongly prosocline growth lines weakly beading some of the cords, two subsutural cords strongly beaded. Last whorl slightly concave in subsutural area strongly convex mid-whorl, flattened at base, imperforate. Spiral sculpture on last whorl not persisting onto base. Aperture rounded, peristome complete, outer lip simple, columella roundly excavated, columella callus thickened, completely closing umbilicus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C08095FFF4DFF77FE7C7563" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFF4DFF77FE5274CE" bold="true" box="[199,488,150,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Intraspecific variability.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B0E3CD72C08095FFE65FF76FE797563" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4117111332" county="Bronn's" location="Bronn in Hartung" municipality="The" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D60FD032C08095FFDA4FF76FD7274CF" box="[558,712,151,177]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
is at hand but fits relatively well with the original figure (
|
||
<location id="8EB960512C08095FFADEFF76FEAA74AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF879C2C0B095FFF1DFF77FE8A704B:8EB960512C08095FFADEFF76FEAA74AB" county="Bronn's" municipality="The" name="Bronn in Hartung" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bronn in Hartung</location>
|
||
1861: figs. 1 a-c).
|
||
<location id="8EB960512C08095FFE68FF5AFDB474AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CF879C2C0B095FFF1DFF77FE8A704B:8EB960512C08095FFE68FF5AFDB474AB" box="[482,526,187,213]" county="Bronn's" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">The</location>
|
||
subsutural row of beads and base devoid of spiral cords is well illustrated (figs. 1 a-c).
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBDACF02C08095FFF5AFF3EFF467487" box="[208,252,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
whorls in the specimen at hand are possibly slightly more convex than in
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62B84E062C08095FFBB4FF3EFB2D7487" box="[1086,1175,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bronn’s</collectingCounty>
|
||
figures and the base of the outer lip less produced
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C08095FFF4DFEC7FE8A7793" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C08095FFF4DFEC7FE8A7793" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFF4DFEC7FEF6753E" bold="true" box="[199,332,294,320]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Generic placement in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFD42FEC6FC79753F" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[712,963,294,321]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFD42FEC6FCB1753F" box="[712,779,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFC9EFEC6FC79753F" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[788,963,294,321]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref112867" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on the flattened protoconch and earliest teleoconch whorl with spines produced at the shoulder, similar to that seen in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFA89FEAAFF6875F7" authority="Risso, 1826" authorityName="Risso" authorityYear="1826" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Bolma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFA89FEAAFAF6751B" box="[1283,1356,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bolma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFADDFEAAFF6875F7" author="Risso, A." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref122462" refString="Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe me´ridionale et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes-Maritimes. 4. Mollusques. Levrault, Paris, 439 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 58984" type="book" year="1826">Risso, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but subsequent whorls are smooth and convex. A detailed molecular phylogeny of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFB3BFE8EFA9175F7" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[1201,1323,367,393]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Turbinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not yet available. However, the preliminary work by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFD29FE72FC6975D3" author="Williams, S. T. & Ozawa, T." box="[675,979,403,429]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="33 - 51" refId="ref128989" refString="Williams, S. T. & Ozawa, T. (2006) Molecular phylogeny suggests polyphyly of both the turban shells (family Turbinidae) and the superfamily Trochoidea (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 39, 33 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2005.12.017" type="journal article" year="2006">Williams & Ozawa (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFBE5FE72FB0875D3" box="[1135,1202,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
, in its widest sense, was not monophyletic. Today
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFE71FE56FD8475AF" box="[507,574,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
is a tropical Indo-Pacific genus. Neogene Atlantic and European records of
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFF32FE3AFF41758B" box="[184,251,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
are scarce.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFE0CFE3AFCD6758B" authority="Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917" authorityName="Cossmann & Peyrot" authorityYear="1917" box="[390,876,475,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="neuvillei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFE0CFE3AFD89758B" box="[390,563,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo neuvillei</emphasis>
|
||
Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Atlantic Lower Miocene Aquitanian of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C08095FFF1DFE1EFF597667" box="[151,227,511,537]" name="France" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
is, in our opinion, a member of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFD35FE1EFB937667" authority="Swainson, 1829" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1829" box="[703,1065,511,537]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Marmarostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFD35FE1EFCD67666" box="[703,876,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Marmarostoma</emphasis>
|
||
Swainson, 1829
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus which still occurs in the Caribbean today.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFED6FDC2FD397643" authority="Olsson, 1922" authorityName="Olsson" authorityYear="1922" box="[348,643,547,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="saltus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFED6FDC2FE5D7643" box="[348,487,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo saltus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFE65FDC2FD397643" author="Olsson, A. A." box="[495,643,547,573]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="177 - 339" refId="ref118073" refString="Olsson, A. A. (1922) The Miocene of northern Costa Rica. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 9, 177 - 339." type="journal article" year="1922">Olsson, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Lower Pleistocene Moin Formation of Caribbean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFAA8FDC2FA267643" authority="Rica" authorityName="Rica. Pleistocene" authorityYear="1778" box="[1314,1436,547,573]" class="Gastropoda" family="Calyptraeidae" genus="Dyspotaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="costa">Costa Rica</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFF4DFDA6FEF5761F" box="[199,335,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Taenioturbo</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFEDCFDA6FDB6761F" author="Woodring, W. P." box="[342,524,583,609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref129238" refString="Woodring, W. P. (1928) Miocene mollusks from Bowden, Jamaica. 2. Gastropods and discussion of results. Carnegie Institution of Washington DC, Washington, 564 pp." type="book" year="1928">Woodring, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species. In the NHMW coll. (ex. Landau coll.) are specimens of an undescribed species of true
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFEB5FD8AFE3876FB" box="[319,386,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
from the Lower Pliocene Gurabo Formation of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F371761A2C08095FFC13FD8AFB8476FB" box="[921,1086,619,645]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
|
||
Republic. Today, there are five species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFE99FD6EFEEC76D7" box="[275,342,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
reported in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFC0EFD6EFAC776D7" authority="Ortea & Espinosa, 1996" authorityName="Ortea & Espinosa" authorityYear="1996" box="[900,1405,655,681]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="angelvaldesi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFC0EFD6EFBE576D7" box="[900,1119,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo angelvaldesi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFBE2FD6EFAC776D7" author="Ortea, J. & Espinosa, J." box="[1128,1405,655,681]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="103 - 110" refId="ref118547" refString="Ortea, J. & Espinosa, J. (1996) Dos especies y on subgenero de prosobranquios (Mollusca: Gastropoda) marinos nuevos del Golfo de Mexico. Avicennia, 4 / 5, 103 - 110." type="journal article" year="1996">Ortea & Espinosa, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a species endemic to the Gulf of Mexico);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFDD7FD52FB8176B3" authority="P. Fischer & Bernardi, 1857" authorityName="P. Fischer & Bernardi" authorityYear="1857" box="[605,1083,690,717]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cailletii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFDD7FD52FD4676B3" box="[605,764,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo cailletii</emphasis>
|
||
P.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFC96FD52FB8176B3" author="Fischer, P. & Bernardi, A. C." box="[796,1083,690,717]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="292 - 300" refId="ref102756" refString="Fischer, P. & Bernardi, A. C. (1857) Descriptions d'especes nouvelles. Journal de Conchyliologie, 5 (3), 292 - 300, pls. 8 - 9." type="journal article" year="1857">Fischer & Bernardi, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFBCCFD52FF68768F" authority="Hermann, 1781" authorityName="Hermann" authorityYear="1781" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="canaliculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFBCCFD52FA9D76B3" box="[1094,1319,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo canaliculatus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFAA7FD52FF68768F" author="Hermann, J." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="50 - 56" refId="ref107752" refString="Hermann, J. (1781) Erste brief ¸ ber einige Petrefakten anden herausgeben. Der Naturforscher, 16, 50 - 56, pl. 2." type="journal article" year="1781">Hermann, 1781</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFF54FD36FD8A768F" authority="Gmelin, 1791" authorityName="Gmelin" authorityYear="1791" box="[222,560,727,753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="castanea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFF54FD36FE36768E" box="[222,396,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo castanea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFE19FD36FD8A768F" author="Gmelin, J. F." box="[403,560,727,753]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="3021 - 4120" refId="ref105152" refString="Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Caroli a Linnei systema natura per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, disserentis, synonymis, locis etc. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata, cura J. F. Gmelin. 1 (6). Vermes testacea. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 4120." type="book chapter" year="1791">Gmelin, 1791</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFDE1FD36FC72768F" authority="Robertson, 1957" authorityName="Robertson" authorityYear="1957" box="[619,968,726,753]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Turbo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="haraldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFDE1FD36FCBD768F" box="[619,775,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo haraldi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFC85FD36FC72768F" author="Robertson, R." box="[783,968,726,753]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="316 - 319" refId="ref122516" refString="Robertson, R. (1957) The subgenus Halopsephus Rehder, with notes on the western Atlantic species of Turbo and the subfamily Bothropomatinae Thiele. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 47 (9), 316 - 319." type="journal article" year="1957">Robertson, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(endemic from the Caribbean). However, these are all sculptured and may be members of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFCA6FD1AFC63776A" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1829" box="[812,985,763,788]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Marmarostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFCA6FD1AFC63776A" box="[812,985,763,788]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Marmarostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFBE8FD1AFB1F776B" box="[1122,1189,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
. The validity of these genera in the extant species needs to be confirmed by molecular data before we can attempt to apply them to fossil forms. Therefore, if we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFD9EFCA2FD7B7722" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1829" box="[532,705,835,860]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Marmarostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFD9EFCA2FD7B7722" box="[532,705,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Marmarostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFCF8FCA2FC0F7723" box="[882,949,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
, it was present in the Caribbean and mid-Atlantic islands in the Lower Pliocene and is still present today in the Caribbean. If
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFBC2FC86FB3177FF" box="[1096,1163,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
is considered a separate genus from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C664D092C08095FFEAFFC6AFE6877DA" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1829" box="[293,466,907,932]" class="Gastropoda" family="Turbinidae" genus="Marmarostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trochida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFEAFFC6AFE6877DA" box="[293,466,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Marmarostoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, then true
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFDDFFC6AFD2277DB" box="[597,664,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
was present in the Caribbean and mid-Atlantic islands during the Lower Pliocene but does not occur in the Atlantic today. The presence of
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFC34FC4EFBBB77B7" box="[958,1025,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Turbo</emphasis>
|
||
in the Azores suggests tropical water temperatures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37C65012C08095FFF4DFC17FE8A704B" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD9368A2C08095FFF4DFC17FE8A704B" blockId="26.[151,1437,150,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B912EA982C08095FFF4DFC17FEDB706E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1014,1040]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Lower Pliocene: Atlantic, Santa Maria,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A2F8682C08095FFCA7FC16FCC6706F" box="[813,892,1015,1041]" country="Portugal" name="Acores" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Azores</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Bronn in Hartung 1861; Bronn in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFA9DFC16FA2D706F" author="Reiss, W." box="[1303,1431,1015,1041]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref122153" refString="Reiss, W. (1862) Mittheilungen u ¨ ber die tertia ¨ ren Schichten von Santa Maria, der su ¨ dlichsten der Azoren, und ihre organischen Einschlu ¨ sse. Nebst Beschreibung dieser letzten und Abbildung der neuen Arten, von H. G. Bronn. Neues Jahrbuch fu ¨ r Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefactunkunde, 1862, 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1862">Reiss 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF74B7B2C08095FFF1DFBFAFE99704B" author="Mayer, K." box="[151,291,1051,1077]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refId="ref114600" refString="Mayer, K. (1864). Die Tertiar-fauna der Azoren und Madeiren. Zurich, published by the author. Z ¸ rich: vi + 107 pp. + 7 pls." type="book" year="1864">Mayer 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |