264 lines
32 KiB
XML
264 lines
32 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1EE8933A37B03E347F2F498287ADB6CB">Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C1B50398A5902213DA362C4232A68D59">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FB492447D403301B05B1F0226434C6C">Martins, Caleb Califre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D6198297506BA6969FFB4C2F06DAC4BA">Makarkin, Vladimir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="09C77640EF9D0D197E5E6DF4D117B660">Ardila-Camacho, Adrian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2F9409D7701D8B4D40735BDB8555935">Wang, Yongjie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="25F11323401D65A645FB9CBC39F8761D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DC10753434C4B722F49EE25D86E7CC89">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="989A82BF388503726C0B9D64E5CA9159">2019-04-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DB217908F52211D59756459D7C2D35B6">4581</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C47176FFD68D627AD20079FE209465" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156146873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C47176FFD68D627AD20079FE209465" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C47176FFD68D627AD20079FE209465" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFD68D617AD20079FC77956E" box="[151,983,1849,1875]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFD68D617AD20079FC77956E" blockId="85.[151,983,1849,1875]" box="[151,983,1849,1875]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<heading id="D09A770CFFD68D617AD20079FC77956E" bold="true" box="[151,983,1849,1875]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617AD20079FC77956E" bold="true" box="[151,983,1849,1875]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617AD20079FD28956E" ID-CoL="FYY" authority="Ren & Yin, 2003" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,648,1849,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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SAUCROSMYLIDAE
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D617BFD0079FD28956E" author="Ren & Yin" box="[440,648,1849,1875]" firstAuthor="Ren" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref53835" refString="Ren, D. & Yin, J. (2003) New ' osmylid-like' fossil Neuroptera from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 111, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2003) 111 [0001: NOFNFT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Ren & Yin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(‘elegant lance lacewings’)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFD68D617AD2003AFCDD95AD" box="[151,893,1914,1936]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFD68D617AD2003AFCDD95AD" blockId="85.[151,893,1914,1936]" box="[151,893,1914,1936]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617AD2003AFEB695AD" bold="true" box="[151,278,1914,1936]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<typeStatus id="54D67EC2FFD68D617AD2003AFF6C95AD" box="[151,204,1914,1936]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Type</typeStatus>
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genus.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD68D617B59003AFDD695AD" authority="Ren & Yin, 2003: 3" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="2003" box="[284,630,1914,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Saucrosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617B59003AFE0895AD" box="[284,424,1914,1936]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Saucrosmylus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD68D617BEA003BFDFF95AD" author="Ren & Yin" box="[431,607,1914,1936]" firstAuthor="Ren" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref53835" refString="Ren, D. & Yin, J. (2003) New ' osmylid-like' fossil Neuroptera from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 111, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2003) 111 [0001: NOFNFT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Ren & Yin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 3
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</taxonomicName>
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(by original designation).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFD68D627AD200FDFE059000" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFD68D627AD200FDFE059000" blockId="85.[151,1436,1981,2006]" lastBlockId="86.[151,1437,151,1624]" lastPageId="86" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD68D617AD200FDFEB195EB" bold="true" box="[151,273,1981,2006]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Antenna filiform, shorter than half of FW length; wings broad, ovoid to subtriangular, often with the posterior margin sinuate distally (in either wing) and often with distinct markings; costal area relatively narrow; nygmata present; venation dense with numerous longitudinal veins, veinlets and crossveins present; venation in FW and HW remarkably similar in the size and branching pattern of vein fields; end-twigging along posterior margin dense multi-layered and irregular; trichosors present apparently around entire wing margin; costal area relatively narrow, subcostal veinlets simple to forked, interlinked by crossveins; single basal subcostal crossvein present; Sc and RA fused apically and curved posterior to enter margin before wing apex; area between RA and RP wide, with 2–7 irregular rows of cells; RP divergent from RA in basal half of wing, convergent with RA distally; RP branches numerous, distal forking irregular and angled toward posterior margin of wing, occasionally with secondary vein fusion, branches slightly curved posteriorly in distal part of wing; gradate absent; FW M fork close to wing base, usually between origin of RP1 and RP2; MP pectinately branched, sometimes irregularly with extensive secondary branching; CuA pectinately branched (sometimes irregularly) in middle of wing, larger in area than CuP in both wings.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFFD58D627A82050BFE209465" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFD58D627A82050BFB6A97D5" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,1624]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627A82050BFEEF9059" bold="true" box="[199,335,587,612]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Comments.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627B19050BFDAF9059" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[348,527,587,612]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saucrosmylidae</taxonomicName>
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is an extinct family of Mesozoic lance lacewings originally described as a subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627B78052FFD1190B5" authority="(Ren & Yin, 2003)" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Ren & Yin" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[317,689,623,648]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Osmylidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D627B880530FD0A90B5" author="Ren & Yin" box="[461,682,623,648]" firstAuthor="Ren" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref53835" refString="Ren, D. & Yin, J. (2003) New ' osmylid-like' fossil Neuroptera from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 111, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1664 / 0028 - 7199 (2003) 111 [0001: NOFNFT] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Ren & Yin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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based on a series of symplesiomorphic characteristics found throughout
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627B5E05D4FE3D9096" box="[283,413,660,683]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
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. Of these, the most distinctive (although not necessarily unique to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627EDC05D3FAEE9091" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[1177,1358,659,684]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saucrosmylidae</taxonomicName>
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) is the presence of multiple irregular rows of cells between RA and RP. Although the wing shape may vary between the forewing and hind wing, the wings are remarkably homogeneous in vein branching pattern and the size of vein fields. The density of vein branching and crossveins is typical of distantly related families in Myrmeleontoidea (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627A9A0463FE0E9101" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[223,430,803,828]" class="Insecta" family="Kalligrammatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kalligrammatidae</taxonomicName>
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), although other families with such dense venation frequently have quite different branching patterns between the fore- and hind wings (i.e., various Myrmeleontoidea). Following the unpublished thesis study by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D627B0A042CFE4591B9" author="Wang" box="[335,485,876,900]" firstAuthor="Wang" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" refId="ref54589" refString="Wang, Y. (2010) Systematics of extant Osmylidae and Mesozoic osmylid-like families from China (Insecta: Neuroptera). PhD thesis, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 340 pp." type="book" year="2010">Wang (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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some authors have considered
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627913042BFBA991B9" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[854,1033,875,900]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saucrosmylidae</taxonomicName>
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as a distinct family, either closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627B4204CFFE209195" baseAuthorityName="Ren & Yin" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[263,384,911,936]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D627BCA04CFFD279195" author="Makarkin" box="[399,647,911,936]" firstAuthor="Makarkin" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref51046" refString="Makarkin, V. N., Yang, Q., Shi, C. F. & Ren, D. (2013) The presence of the recurrent veinlet in the Middle Jurassic Nymphidae (Neuroptera) from China: a unique condition in Myrmeleontoidea. ZooKeys, 325, 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 325.5453" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Makarkin
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D62784004D1FDE59195" box="[517,581,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.,</emphasis>
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2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D6278D604CFFCE49195" author="Liu" box="[659,836,911,936]" firstAuthor="Liu" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="301 - 304" refId="ref50435" refString="Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Fang, Y., Zheng, D., Zhang, Q. & Jarzembowski, E. A. (2014) A new saucrosmylid lacewing (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. Alcheringa, 38, 301 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03115518.2014.886849" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Liu
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D62788404D1FD5A9195" box="[705,762,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D62790A04CFFBA19195" author="Khramov" box="[847,1025,911,936]" firstAuthor="Khramov" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="59 - 68" refId="ref49424" refString="Khramov, A. V. (2017) Jurassic Lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) of Western Siberia. Paleontological Journal, 51, 59 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0031030117010063" type="journal article" year="2017">Khramov, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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), or closer to Myrmeleontoidea (i.e., psychopsid-clade) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D627B3704F4FD9A91F1" author="Yang" box="[370,570,947,972]" firstAuthor="Yang" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref56217" refString="Yang, Q., Makarkin, V. N., Winterton, S. L., Khramov, A. V. & Ren, D. (2012) A remarkable new family of Jurassic insects (Neuroptera) with primitive wing venation and its phylogenetic position in Neuropterida. PLoS ONE, 7 (9), e 44762, 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0044762" type="journal article" year="2012">
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Yang
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627BF304F5FE4F91F1" box="[438,495,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2012
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</bibRefCitation>
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), while others have continued to treat it as a subfamily of
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<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627E8B04F3FEA891CD" authority="(Liu et al., 2013)" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="2013" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Osmylidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D627F1204F3FEA091CD" author="Liu" firstAuthor="Liu" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="387 - 391" refId="ref50354" refString="Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Fang, Y., Zheng, D., Zhang, Q. & Jarzembowski, E. A. (2013) A new genus of Saucrosmylinae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. Zootaxa, 3736, 387 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3736.4.6" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Liu
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<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627FCD04F5FF1491CD" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627B510497FE6791CD" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[276,455,983,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saucrosmylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
was finally elevated to family rank formally by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D6279B70498FB1F91CD" author="Fang" box="[1010,1215,983,1008]" firstAuthor="Fang" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref48536" refString="Fang, H., Ren, D. & Wang, Y. (2015) Familial clarification of Saucrosmylidae stat. nov. and new saucrosmylids from Daohugou, China (Insecta, Neuroptera). PLoS ONE, 10, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0141048" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Fang
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627E760499FBCC91CD" box="[1075,1132,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and we follow this decision herein. Genera within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627BBE04BBFD0E9629" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[507,686,1019,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saucrosmylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have distinctive variations in wing markings and wing shape, but tend to be homogeneous amongst genera, indicating a preponderance of genera based on species-level characteristics (e.g., nine species in eight genera). For example, while features such as shape of RP and posterior margin of the wing may be typically useful generic level characters in osmyloid genera, wing markings and rows of cells are usually not. Moreover, only the hind wing is known for
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D62792F03CBFC599699" box="[874,1017,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Rudiomsylus</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627E6A03CBFB449699" box="[1071,1252,1163,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Daohugosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627E6A03CBFB449699" box="[1071,1252,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Daohugosmylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Fang
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627F1803CCFA359699" box="[1373,1429,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016), while the forewing is only known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D6278F203EFFCCC96F5" box="[695,876,1199,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Huiyingosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D6278F203EFFCCC96F5" box="[695,876,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Huiyingosmylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D6279BD03EFFB7196F5" authorityName="Ponomarenko" authorityYear="1985" box="[1016,1233,1199,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Prohemerobiidae" genus="Thaumatomerobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D6279BD03EFFB7196F5" box="[1016,1233,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Thaumatomerobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As discussed in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D627AD20393FE6E96D1" author="Winterton & Brooks" box="[151,462,1235,1260]" firstAuthor="Winterton" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="16 - 28" refId="ref55103" refString="Winterton, S. L. & Brooks, S. J. (2002) Phylogeny of the Apochrysine green lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae: Apochrysinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 95, 16 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.1603 / 0013 - 8746 (2002) 095 [0016: POTAGL] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Winterton & Brooks (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the erection of numerous monotypic genera based on spurious species-level characters results in the continued proliferation of monotypic genera for any newly discovered taxa as the previously described genera are too narrowly defined. Similarly, the limits of the various genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627E28025BFA809709" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[1133,1312,1307,1332]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saucrosmylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
require reevaluation in a phylogenetic context, for example, based on more stable features such as the shape of RP in both wings. The shape of RP in both wings suggests that there are two groups of taxa, including those with a relatively straight RP (i.e.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627B1C02C7FB35979D" box="[345,1173,1415,1440]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627B1C02C7FDB1979D" box="[345,529,1415,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Huiyingosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Huiyingosmylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D62785802C7FD74979D" box="[541,724,1415,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Daohugosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Daohugosmylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D6278A402C7FCD3979D" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[737,883,1415,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Rudiosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rudiosmylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D6279C502C7FBBD979D" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[896,1053,1415,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Saucrosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Saucrosmylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627E6F02C7FB35979D" box="[1066,1173,1415,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" genus="Ulrikezza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ulrikezza</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) and those with an RP that is arched anteriorly (i.e.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627BB202EBFC8897F9" box="[503,808,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627BB202EBFD2897F9" box="[503,648,1451,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Bellinympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bellinympha</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D6278D202EBFC8897F9" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[663,808,1451,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Laccosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Laccosmylus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D62792202EBFB9F97F9" authorityName="Ponomarenko" authorityYear="1985" box="[871,1087,1451,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Prohemerobiidae" genus="Thaumatomerobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D62792202EBFB9F97F9" box="[871,1087,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Thaumatomerobius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Various keys to species are presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D627B69028FFE7D97D5" author="Liu" box="[300,477,1487,1512]" firstAuthor="Liu" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="387 - 391" refId="ref50354" refString="Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Fang, Y., Zheng, D., Zhang, Q. & Jarzembowski, E. A. (2013) A new genus of Saucrosmylinae (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. Zootaxa, 3736, 387 - 391. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3736.4.6" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627B1F0291FE2B97D5" box="[346,395,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FFD58D627BAD0290FD8297D5" author="Liu" box="[488,546,1488,1512]" firstAuthor="Liu" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" pagination="301 - 304" refId="ref50435" refString="Liu, Q., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Fang, Y., Zheng, D., Zhang, Q. & Jarzembowski, E. A. (2014) A new saucrosmylid lacewing (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. Alcheringa, 38, 301 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03115518.2014.886849" type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Fang
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D6278DA0291FD7797D5" box="[671,727,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016). Larvae are unknown for this family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2C060FFD58D627A8202B7FE209465" blockId="86.[151,1437,151,1624]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627A8202B7FE3A942D" bold="true" box="[199,410,1527,1552]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Included genera.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627BE902B7FD41942D" authority="Wang et al." authorityName="Wang" box="[428,737,1527,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Bellinympha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627BE902B7FD9A942D" box="[428,570,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Bellinympha</emphasis>
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D6278D802B8FD41942D" box="[669,737,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D6278BC02B7FB9A942D" authority="Liu et al." authorityName="Liu" box="[761,1082,1527,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Daohugosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D6278BC02B7FC0E942D" box="[761,942,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Daohugosmylus</emphasis>
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D6279BD02B8FB9A942D" box="[1016,1082,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627E1602B7FA35942D" authority="Liu et al." authorityName="Liu" box="[1107,1429,1527,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Huiyingosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627E1602B7FAA8942D" box="[1107,1288,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Huiyingosmylus</emphasis>
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627F1702B8FA35942D" box="[1362,1429,1527,1552]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627AD2015BFE129409" authority="Ren & Yin" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,434,1563,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Laccosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627AD2015BFE889409" box="[151,296,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Laccosmylus</emphasis>
|
||
Ren & Yin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627BFA015BFD779409" authority="Ren & Yin" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[447,727,1563,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Rudiosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627BFA015BFDEE9409" box="[447,590,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Rudiosmylus</emphasis>
|
||
Ren & Yin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D6278A0015BFBAA9409" authority="Ren & Yin" authorityName="Ren & Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[741,1034,1563,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Saucrosmylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D6278A0015BFC209409" box="[741,896,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Saucrosmylus</emphasis>
|
||
Ren & Yin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627E52015BFA379409" authority="Ponomarenko" authorityName="Ponomarenko" authorityYear="1985" box="[1047,1431,1563,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Prohemerobiidae" genus="Thaumatomerobius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627E52015BFB509409" box="[1047,1264,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Thaumatomerobius</emphasis>
|
||
Ponomarenko
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FFD58D627AD2017FFE209465" authority="Fang et al." authorityName="Fang" box="[151,384,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" genus="Ulrikezza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627AD2017FFEA39465" box="[151,259,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Ulrikezza</emphasis>
|
||
Fang
|
||
<emphasis id="B9191C72FFD58D627B0D0100FE209465" box="[328,384,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |