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<document id="FA9F6DDA706CC21EB2178FAC133BD8AE" ID-CLB-Dataset="27348" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4581.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5b259853-01f6-4307-8bef-58c98ec73bd3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2633842" ID-ZooBank="20A9776D-AE5F-41BC-A35B-0C5E42EDFE48" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554804587469" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Winterton, Shaun L., Martins, Caleb Califre, Makarkin, Vladimir, Ardila-Camacho, Adrian &amp; Wang, Yongjie" docDate="2019" docId="03C47176FF8F8D387AD20422FE3295ED" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4581.1.1.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4581 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Osmylidae Leach 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFFD090EFF838D347A450740FFA0923D" masterDocTitle="Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1698719428342" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B41FF2E53EFD99715CDE3E3CC207C843">Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9BC018516F4E63801E6C106A3BE8DF0E">Winterton, Shaun L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DD070F2F6D99371DC8477A88B9B59324">Martins, Caleb Califre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E979331E26EE31A15E84B3B5BD443F95">Makarkin, Vladimir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F4D456804A36D09228D5373C1C72F50">Ardila-Camacho, Adrian</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03C47176FF8F8D387AD20422FE3295ED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631422" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156146875" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631422" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C47176FF8F8D387AD20422FE3295ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C47176FF8F8D387AD20422FE3295ED" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection id="C37793EBFF8F8D387AD20422FD789141" box="[151,728,866,892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD2C060FF8F8D387AD20422FD789141" blockId="12.[151,728,866,892]" box="[151,728,866,892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D09A770CFF8F8D387AD20422FD789141" bold="true" box="[151,728,866,892]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D387AD20422FD789141" bold="true" box="[151,728,866,892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387AD20422FE499141" ID-CoL="DRB" ID-ENA="279424" authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[151,489,866,892]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
OSMYLIDAE
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FF8F8D387B160422FE499141" author="Leach" box="[339,489,866,892]" firstAuthor="Leach" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="57 - 172" refId="ref50218" refString="Leach, W. E. (1815) Entomology. In: Brewster, D. (Ed.), Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Vol. 9. Pt. 1. Blackwood, Edinburgh, pp. 57 - 172." type="book chapter" year="1815">Leach, 1815</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(‘lance lacewings’)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37793EBFF8F8D387AD204E8FDE99183" box="[151,585,936,958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD2C060FF8F8D387AD204E8FDE99183" blockId="12.[151,585,936,958]" box="[151,585,936,958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D387AD204E8FEB69183" bold="true" box="[151,278,936,958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="54D67EC2FF8F8D387AD204E8FF6C9183" box="[151,204,936,958]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
genus.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387B5904E8FDE59183" authority="Latreille, 1802: 289" authorityName="Latreille" authorityPageNumber="289" authorityYear="1802" box="[284,581,936,958]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Osmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D387B5904E8FED39183" box="[284,371,936,958]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Osmylus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FF8F8D387B3F04E8FDB29183" author="Latreille" box="[378,530,936,958]" firstAuthor="Latreille" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref50179" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1802) Histoire naturelle, generale et particuliere de Crustaces et des Insectes. Vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart, Paris, 467 pp." type="book" year="1802">Latreille, 1802</bibRefCitation>
: 289
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37793EBFF8F8D387AD204ABFC9297C1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BD2C060FF8F8D387AD204ABFC9297C1" blockId="12.[151,1437,1003,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D387AD204ABFEAA9639" bold="true" box="[151,266,1003,1028]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Adult head with dorsal tentorial arms weakly developed; ocelli usually present, medial ocellus sometimes reduced (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387BFC034FFDC59615" box="[441,613,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Paryphosmylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D387BFC034FFDC59615" box="[441,613,1039,1064]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Paryphosmylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or all ocelli completely absent (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387E52034FFB3B9615" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[1047,1179,1039,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gumillinae">Gumillinae</taxonomicName>
); palpimaculae absent; antennae filiform; wings with basal subcostal veinlet simple in costal area, sometimes forked but never recurrent; single basal crossvein (
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D387BDF0318FE669652" box="[410,454,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sc-r</emphasis>
) between Sc and R, rarely more than one (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D38799D0318FBE29652" box="[984,1090,1112,1135]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Porismus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D38799D0318FBE29652" box="[984,1090,1112,1135]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Porismus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387E0A0317FAAC964D" box="[1103,1292,1111,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" genus="Archaeosmylidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D387E0A0317FAAC964D" box="[1103,1292,1111,1136]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Archaeosmylidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); Sc and RA fused apically and joining costal margin before wing apex in both wings; single branch of RP, subsequently pectinately branched (5 or more branches); FW radial branches frequently curved posteriorly in apical half of wing, sometimes sinuous; FW medial vein fork variably placed along wing, HW medial vein fork near wing base; FW CuP pectinately (rarely dichotomously) branched; cubital field relatively large in both wings; nygmata typically present; trichosors present in both wings (rarely reduced to apical margin); end twigging along wing margin present, sometimes extensive and multi-layered; jugal lobe present; female gonocoxite 9 (gx 9) (i.e., gonopophysis lateralis) elongate and with terminal stylus; female with a pair of sclerotised spermathecae; male genitalia with well-developed arched gonarcus with paired entoprocesses fused laterally; mediuncus curved; parameres present or absent, sometimes fused into single arched sclerite; larva (
<figureCitation id="1356DCE5FF8F8D38797C02DBFCDC9789" box="[825,892,1435,1460]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1557,1579]" captionTargetBox="[173,1418,621,1528]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[173,1418,621,1528]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Larval stages of Osmylidae: A. Kempynus sp. (photo: Kristi Ellington); B. Isostenosmylus sp. (photo: Enio Branco); C. unidentified stenosmyline (photo: Kristi Ellington)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2633844/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) with straight, highly elongate jaws; gular-like sclerite absent; seven Malphigian tubules, of which five are incorporated into the cryptonephridium; eversible claws present on paired prolegs on last abdominal segment.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37793EBFF8F8D387A820147FE3295ED" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD2C060FF8F8D387A820147FE3295ED" blockId="12.[151,1437,1003,2000]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D387A820147FEE8941D" bold="true" box="[199,328,1543,1568]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Comments</emphasis>
. The monophyly of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D3878720147FD10941D" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[567,688,1543,1568]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
relative to other lacewings is unquestioned, based on a series of both adult and larval characters. The distinction of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387899016BFCF59479" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[732,853,1579,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D3879D9016BFBF39479" authorityName="Riek" authorityYear="1953" box="[924,1107,1579,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Archeosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Archeosmylidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387EC9016BFA9F9479" authorityName="Ren &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[1164,1343,1579,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saucrosmylidae</taxonomicName>
is more problematic, and some authors consider the latter to be a subfamily of
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D3879E1010FFB819455" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[932,1057,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387E6E010FFB7E9455" authorityName="Ren &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[1067,1246,1615,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saucrosmylidae</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387A900133FEEE94B1" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[213,334,1651,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
based on the expanded area between veins RA and RP, with multiple rows of crossveins present.
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387AD201D7FEEF948D" authorityName="Riek" authorityYear="1953" box="[151,335,1687,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Archeosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Archeosmylidae</taxonomicName>
is differentiated from
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D38780F01D7FD63948D" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[586,707,1687,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
by the absence of pectinate branching in the posterior part of the wing and RP branches not sinuous distally. The larval characters listed here as synapomorphic for the family reflect our lack of knowledge of larval stages of closely related fossil families
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387982019FFBDA94C5" authorityName="Ren &amp; Yin" authorityYear="2003" box="[967,1146,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Saucrosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Saucrosmylidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387EF1019FFACB94C5" authorityName="Riek" authorityYear="1953" box="[1204,1387,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Archeosmylidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Archeosmylidae</taxonomicName>
and the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387B070043FE5F9521" authorityName="Bode" authorityYear="1953" box="[322,511,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesosmylininae">Mesosmylininae</taxonomicName>
. Once larval stages are discovered for more
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387E580043FB369521" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1053,1174,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
and any of the fossil families, then the larval definition for
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D3878190067FD75957D" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[604,725,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Osmylidae</taxonomicName>
may need modification. The family is divided into the nine subfamilies:
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387B6E000BFE079559" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[299,423,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Osmylinae">Osmylinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387BF2000BFDE99559" authorityName="Carpenter" authorityYear="1943" box="[439,585,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Kempyninae">Kempyninae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D38781C000BFCA09559" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[601,768,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenosmylinae">Stenosmylinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387955000BFC319559" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1912" box="[784,913,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Gumillinae">Gumillinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D3879E5000BFBE39559" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[928,1091,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Spilosmylinae">Spilosmylinae</taxonomicName>
, Eidoporisminae, Porisminae,
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387AD2002FFE9995B5" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,313,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Protosmylinae">Protosmylinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6DBBE3FF8F8D387B37002FFD8F95B5" authorityName="Bode" authorityYear="1953" box="[370,559,1903,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Osmylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mesosmylininae">Mesosmylininae</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FF8F8D38787F002FFCB895BA" author="Beutel" box="[570,792,1903,1928]" firstAuthor="Beutel" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="311 - 329" refId="ref47660" refString="Beutel, R. G., Zimmermann, D., Krauss, M., Randolf, S. &amp; Wipfler, B. (2010) Head morphology of Osmylus fulvicephalus (Osmylidae, Neuroptera) and its phylogenetic implications. Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 10, 311 - 329. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 010 - 0024 - 0" type="journal article" year="2010">
Beutel
<emphasis id="B9191C72FF8F8D3878CE0030FD6595B5" box="[651,709,1903,1928]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
provided a detailed study of the adult head morphology, MacLeod (1964) examined the head sclerites of the larva and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFCBD91FF8F8D38791400D4FB3E9591" author="Matsuno &amp; Yoshitomi" box="[849,1182,1939,1964]" firstAuthor="Matsuno" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="348 - 366" refId="ref51379" refString="Matsuno, S. &amp; Yoshitomi, H. (2016) Descriptions of three larvae of Osmylus species from Japan (Neuroptera: Osmylidae), with a proposed naming system for the larval sclerites. Zootaxa, 4189 (2), 348 - 366. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4189.2.9" type="journal article" year="2016">Matsuno &amp; Yoshitomi (2016)</bibRefCitation>
proposed terminology for the larval sclerites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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