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<document id="B3336E8746A70EE347F15BE8242C68CD" ID-CLB-Dataset="3600" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5061.2.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f14ff0c1-7ea3-47bb-a716-e18d17344ade" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5649371" ID-ZooBank="377AE2A3-B846-4747-95B4-8880734D6D53" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1636143950905" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Minaei, Kambiz &amp; Mound, Laurence" docDate="2021" docId="03B88D7CAD58FF9EFF0FFC68CAAFFE79" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5061.2.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5061 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Haplothrips Amyot &amp; Serville" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="378" masterDocId="FF81F504AD59FF9CFF98FFBACE3AFFD4" masterDocTitle="Character-state evaluation when discriminating Thysanoptera taxa (Insecta)" masterLastPageNumber="382" masterPageNumber="377" pageNumber="378" updateTime="1699467817462" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="9DA583CC4C8969635023B135CA8E7D0F">
<mods:title id="03473952CAC9B345CA30107DA14F3791">Character-state evaluation when discriminating Thysanoptera taxa (Insecta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FE2BF9C541C2562430FA0CB2E13B9A9F">Minaei, Kambiz</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0D088C06061E4114D2CCB7A8C7D4D72C">Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="26003D370999469A0C80DCA80D54FAE9">Mound, Laurence</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="86EE003898087F5602D2C12932E0DDA0">CSIRO Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, ACT, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3B3D1D0305E962857E06F9879DC2DE6C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5F295F733E87CFDB578382F15C109CE8">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="64D6EE2C94B9B68AA347339DE6E852EC">2021-11-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ED914E9D7A7C44EC1B14257A6BFD8E40">5061</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C6A95166115BA2C3EC746462FB2B0A4E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5061.2.10</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B88D7CAD58FF9EFF0FFC68CAAFFE79" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5699316" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190304470" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5699316" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B88D7CAD58FF9EFF0FFC68CAAFFE79" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B88D7CAD58FF9EFF0FFC68CAAFFE79" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
<subSubSection id="C30B6FE1AD58FF9DFF0FFC68CC30FC38" box="[151,522,978,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAE3C6AAD58FF9DFF0FFC68CC30FC38" blockId="1.[151,522,978,1005]" box="[151,522,978,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
<heading id="D0E68B06AD58FF9DFF0FFC68CC30FC38" bold="true" box="[151,522,978,1005]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFF0FFC68CC30FC38" ID-CoL="4TLK" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" box="[151,522,978,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFF0FFC68CC30FC38" bold="true" box="[151,522,978,1005]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFF0FFC68CF12FC39" bold="true" box="[151,296,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Haplothrips</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B6FE1AD58FF9DFF0FFBADCF0EFB9A" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BAE3C6AAD58FF9DFF0FFBADCF0EFB9A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1047,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFF0FFBADCC7EFBFB" ID-CoL="4TLK" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843: 640" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityPageNumber="640" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,580,1047,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFF0FFBADCF2BFBFB" box="[151,273,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Haplothrips</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843: 640
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54AA82C8AD58FF9DFDD5FBA2CC45FBE4" box="[589,639,1048,1072]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD4EFBADCA7BFBFB" ID-CoL="4GH28" authority="Burmeister" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1836" box="[726,1089,1047,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFD4EFBADCDF0FBFB" box="[726,970,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Phloeothrips albipennis</emphasis>
Burmeister
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFBC6FBADCB49FBFB" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1803" box="[1118,1395,1047,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Thripidae" genus="Thrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aculeatus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFBC6FBADCB32FBFB" box="[1118,1288,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Thrips aculeatus</emphasis>
Fabricius
</taxonomicName>
], by monotypy.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B6FE1AD58FF9DFF0FFBEECF47FB5F" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BAE3C6AAD58FF9DFF0FFBEECF47FB5F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1047,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB011B44AD58FF9DFF0FFBEECF47FB5F" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB01A7BAD58FF9DFF0FFBEECCE0FBB8" author="Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A." box="[151,730,1108,1133]" page="632" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" year="2007">
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFF0FFBEECCE0FBB8" authority="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, 2007: 632" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityPageNumber="632" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,730,1108,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFF0FFBEECEC3FBB8" box="[151,249,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Jironiella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF80419BAD58FF9DFE99FBEECCE0FBB8" author="Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A." box="[257,730,1108,1133]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" pagination="627 - 635" refId="ref3877" refString="Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A. (2007) Revision taxonomica del grupo Haplothrips - Karnyothrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, 55 (2), 627 - 635. [in Spanish] https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 55 i 2.6037" type="journal article" year="2007">Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, 2007: 632</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54AA82C8AD58FF9DFD7DFBEFCD2DFBB9" box="[741,791,1109,1133]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFCEAFBEECB4DFBB8" ID-CoL="3QPF7" authority="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[882,1399,1108,1133]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saidi">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFCEAFBEECA37FBB8" box="[882,1037,1108,1132]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Jironiella saidi</emphasis>
Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez
</taxonomicName>
, by monotypy.
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFEA1FBC9CF47FB5F" bold="true" box="[313,381,1139,1163]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Syn.n.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B6FE1AD58FF9DFF0FFB03CD68FA04" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAE3C6AAD58FF9DFF0FFB03CD68FA04" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFE80FB03CFBEFB07" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[280,388,1209,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFE80FB03CFBEFB07" box="[280,388,1209,1235]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Jironiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erected for a single species collected from
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFC2CFB03CA0DFB07" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[948,1079,1209,1235]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3067CFAAD58FF9DFBF8FB03CAE5FB07" box="[1120,1247,1209,1235]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, and was distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFEA0FB67CF85FB23" box="[312,447,1245,1271]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFEA0FB67CF85FB23" box="[312,447,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Haplothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on the grounds that the maxillary bridge between the maxillary stylets in the head is “absent”.
<bibRefCitation id="EF80419BAD58FF9DFE9EFABBCC1DFACF" author="Goldarazena, A. &amp; Mound, L. A. &amp; Strassen, R." box="[262,551,1281,1308]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" pagination="961 - 968" refId="ref3143" refString="Goldarazena, A., Mound, L. A. &amp; zur Strassen, R. (2008) Nomenclatural problems among Thysanoptera (Insecta) of Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical, International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, 56 (2), 961 - 968. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 56 i 2.5637" type="journal article" year="2008">
Goldarazena
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFE04FAB8CFF4FACF" box="[412,462,1281,1307]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
. (2008)
</bibRefCitation>
disputed this statement, claiming that fragments of the maxillary bridge could be seen in a
<typeStatus id="54AA82C8AD58FF9DFEBDFA9CCFBFFA94" box="[293,389,1318,1344]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFE34FA9FCFD8FAEB" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[428,482,1317,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saidi">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFE34FA9FCFD8FAEB" box="[428,482,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">saidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and they regarded
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD5BFA9FCD15FAEB" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[707,815,1317,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFD5BFA9FCD15FAEB" box="[707,815,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Jironiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFC6FFA9FCA44FAEB" box="[1015,1150,1317,1343]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFC6FFA9FCA44FAEB" box="[1015,1150,1317,1343]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Haplothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, these authors also erroneously synonymized
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFDB6FAF3CC5EFAB7" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[558,612,1353,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saidi">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFDB6FAF3CC5EFAB7" box="[558,612,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">saidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD3AFAF3CDE0FAB7" authority="Hood" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1912" box="[674,986,1353,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminis">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFD3AFAF3CDA9FAB7" box="[674,915,1353,1379]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Haplothrips graminis</emphasis>
Hood
</taxonomicName>
, a common species on grasses in Central America. In contrast,
<bibRefCitation id="EF80419BAD58FF9DFE17FAD7CC53FA53" author="Bhatti, J. S. &amp; Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A." box="[399,617,1389,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" pagination="24 - 28" refId="ref2984" refString="Bhatti, J. S., Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A. (2020) Taxonomic review of Jironiella Retana &amp; Soto 2007, revalidated from synonymy under Haplothrips, and Jironiella saidi Retana &amp; Soto 2007 restored from Haplothrips (Phlaeothripidae). Indian Journal of Entomology, 82, 24 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.5958 / 0974 - 8172.2020.00005. X" type="journal article" year="2020">
Bhatti
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFE44FAD4CC35FA53" box="[476,527,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
rejected the generic synonymy and re-validated the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFA92FAD7CB4CFA53" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[1290,1398,1389,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFA92FAD7CB4CFA53" box="[1290,1398,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Jironiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as discussed below. We have now re-examined the
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD33FA2BCCDBFA7F" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[683,737,1425,1451]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saidi">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFD33FA2BCCDBFA7F" box="[683,737,1425,1451]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">saidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="54AA82C8AD58FF9DFD7FFA28CD7DFA78" box="[743,839,1426,1452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
and confirm that the maxillary bridge is “not visible”, and that
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFF60FA0FCF14FA1B" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[248,302,1461,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saidi">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFF60FA0FCF14FA1B" box="[248,302,1461,1487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">saidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a valid species distinguishable from
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD7FFA0CCD71FA1B" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1912" box="[743,843,1462,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminis">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFD7FFA0CCD71FA1B" box="[743,843,1462,1487]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">graminis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30B6FE1AD58FF9EFF5FFA60CAAFFE79" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAE3C6AAD58FF9DFF5FFA60CF5DF81C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
In rejecting the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD8BFA63CC45FA27" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[531,639,1497,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFD8BFA63CC45FA27" box="[531,639,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Jironiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD27FA63CA1EFA27" authority="Bhatti et al. (2020)" authorityName="Bhatti" authorityYear="2020" box="[703,1060,1497,1524]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFD27FA63CD7CFA27" box="[703,838,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Haplothrips</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF80419BAD58FF9DFCD6FA63CA1EFA27" author="Bhatti, J. S. &amp; Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A." box="[846,1060,1497,1524]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" pagination="24 - 28" refId="ref2984" refString="Bhatti, J. S., Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A. (2020) Taxonomic review of Jironiella Retana &amp; Soto 2007, revalidated from synonymy under Haplothrips, and Jironiella saidi Retana &amp; Soto 2007 restored from Haplothrips (Phlaeothripidae). Indian Journal of Entomology, 82, 24 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.5958 / 0974 - 8172.2020.00005. X" type="journal article" year="2020">
Bhatti
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFC02FA60CDF1FA27" box="[922,971,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
provided no other discriminating character state to distinguish these genera apart from the lack of a maxillary bridge. No comment was made on the phylogenetic relationship between them, despite the many shared character states and the fact that many
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFA8DF99BCED2F98B" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFA8DF99BCBA6F9EF" box="[1301,1436,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Haplothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
also live on
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFEEEF9FCCFE8F9B4" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[374,466,1606,1632]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD9FF9FFCCB7F98B" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[519,653,1605,1631]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
. Although the paper by
<bibRefCitation id="EF80419BAD58FF9DFC0FF9FFCA51F98B" author="Bhatti, J. S. &amp; Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A." box="[919,1131,1605,1632]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" pagination="24 - 28" refId="ref2984" refString="Bhatti, J. S., Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A. (2020) Taxonomic review of Jironiella Retana &amp; Soto 2007, revalidated from synonymy under Haplothrips, and Jironiella saidi Retana &amp; Soto 2007 restored from Haplothrips (Phlaeothripidae). Indian Journal of Entomology, 82, 24 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.5958 / 0974 - 8172.2020.00005. X" type="journal article" year="2020">
Bhatti
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFC7AF9FCCA29F98B" box="[994,1043,1605,1631]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
was published in an Indian journal, no mention was made of a genus from
<collectingCountry id="F3067CFAAD58FF9DFD37F9D3CCD1F957" box="[687,747,1641,1667]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">India</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD60F9D3CAB1F950" authority="Tyagi &amp; Kumar (2006)" authorityName="Tyagi &amp; Kumar" authorityYear="2006" box="[760,1163,1641,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Aphlothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFD60F9D3CD46F957" box="[760,892,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Aphlothrips</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF80419BAD58FF9DFC1BF9D3CAB1F950" author="Tyagi, K. &amp; Kumar, V." box="[899,1163,1641,1668]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" pagination="337 - 340" refId="ref3947" refString="Tyagi, K. &amp; Kumar, V. (2006) A remarkable new phlaeothripid (Tubulifera: Thysanoptera) related to Haplothrips, from India. Journal of Experimental Zoology India, 9, 337 - 340." type="journal article" year="2006">Tyagi &amp; Kumar (2006)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, that was also described for a single species taken from grass. That genus was also distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFB95F937CAAEF973" box="[1037,1172,1677,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFB95F937CAAEF973" box="[1037,1172,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Haplothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only by the absence of a maxillary bridge. Thus, even if the “absence” of a maxillary bridge is considered phylogenetically significant, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFE92F96FCF4CF93B" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[266,374,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFE92F96FCF4CF93B" box="[266,374,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Jironiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might need to be considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFCFDF96FCDD3F93B" authorityName="Tyagi &amp; Kumar" authorityYear="2006" box="[869,1001,1749,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Aphlothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFCFDF96FCDD3F93B" box="[869,1001,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Aphlothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Given that the species involved share most of their character states with the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFD28F943CD0DF8C7" box="[688,823,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFD28F943CD0DF8C7" box="[688,823,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Haplothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are two ways of interpreting this situation: either these two species from disparate parts of the world represent an ancient lineage in which the maxillary bridge that is typical of
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFE91F8FBCF9AF88F" box="[265,416,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplothripini">Haplothripini</taxonomicName>
had not yet evolved, or the absence of the maxillary bridge in the two species is a reversal – that is, a “loss apomorphy”. There being no evidence to support the first possibility, the second is here considered to be the most sensible as it is in accordance with the well-established philosophical principle of parsimony known as Occam’s Razor.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAE3C6AAD58FF9EFF5FF86BCAAFFE79" blockId="1.[151,1437,1209,2028]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">
Curiously,
<bibRefCitation id="EF80419BAD58FF9DFED9F86BCC2EF83F" author="Bhatti, J. S. &amp; Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A." box="[321,532,2001,2028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" pagination="24 - 28" refId="ref2984" refString="Bhatti, J. S., Retana-Salazar, A. P. &amp; Soto-Rodriguez, G. A. (2020) Taxonomic review of Jironiella Retana &amp; Soto 2007, revalidated from synonymy under Haplothrips, and Jironiella saidi Retana &amp; Soto 2007 restored from Haplothrips (Phlaeothripidae). Indian Journal of Entomology, 82, 24 - 28. https: // doi. org / 10.5958 / 0974 - 8172.2020.00005. X" type="journal article" year="2020">
Bhatti
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFE14F868CF86F83F" box="[396,444,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
stated in the “ABSTRACT” to their paper “
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFC65F86BCA53F83F" authorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" box="[1021,1129,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Jironiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFC65F86BCA53F83F" box="[1021,1129,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Jironiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is related to
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD58FF9DFB6EF86BCBAAF83F" authorityName="Ananthakrishnan" authorityYear="1957" box="[1270,1424,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Bamboosiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD58FF9DFB6EF86BCBAAF83F" box="[1270,1424,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="378">Bamboosiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” another genus associated with
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD5BFF9EFE73FF2DCC70FF65" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[491,586,151,177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
. But the authors give no information in support of this statement in the main text of the paper. They ignored that the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD5BFF9EFD46FF01CD42FF01" authorityName="Ananthakrishnan" authorityYear="1957" box="[734,888,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Bamboosiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD5BFF9EFD46FF01CD42FF01" box="[734,888,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Bamboosiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack prosternal basantral sclerites, the antennae have two sense cones on the third segment and three on the fourth, and the maxillary stylets are scarcely retracted into the head capsule anterior to the post-occipital ridge. Currently, because of these character states, the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD5BFF9EFF0FFE9DCF0BFE95" authorityName="Ananthakrishnan" authorityYear="1957" box="[151,305,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Bamboosiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD5BFF9EFF0FFE9DCF0BFE95" box="[151,305,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Bamboosiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not considered to be a member of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD5BFF9EFCABFE9DCDF0FE95" box="[819,970,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplothripini">Haplothripini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF80419BAD5BFF9EFC41FE9DCA44FE95" author="Okajima, S." box="[985,1150,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" refId="ref3758" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, 720 pp." type="book" year="2006">Okajima 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF80419BAD5BFF9EFB11FE9DCBABFE95" author="Mound, L. A. &amp; Minaei, K." box="[1161,1425,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" pagination="2919 - 2978" refId="ref3648" refString="Mound, L. A. &amp; Minaei, K. (2007) Australian thrips of the Haplothrips lineage (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Journal of Natural History, 42, 2919 - 2978. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930701783219" type="journal article" year="2007">Mound &amp; Minaei 2007</bibRefCitation>
). We therefore conclude that the apparent absence of a maxillary bridge in the Costa Rican species
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD5BFF9EFB40FEF1CBA6FEB1" baseAuthorityName="Retana-Salazar &amp; Soto-Rodriguez" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[1240,1436,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saidi">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD5BFF9EFB40FEF1CBA6FEB1" box="[1240,1436,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Haplothrips saidi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is yet another “loss apomorphy”, a reversal that has arisen more than once among
<taxonomicName id="4C1147E9AD5BFF9EFBADFED5CB22FE5D" box="[1077,1304,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B965E078AD5BFF9EFBADFED5CA86FE5D" box="[1077,1212,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="379">Haplothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, and is thus of limited significance in indicating systematic relationships within this species-rich genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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