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<mods:title id="A97D62CC3A15C54EF1F6511D4BE43907">A catalog of Nemestrinidae (Diptera: Brachycera: Nemestrinoidea) from Chile</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E2A0028214B6A39E0BD028F6578C89E6">Elgueta, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6BBFCF3623A97F360A6E22B30D4934F4">Carvacho, Camila</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="33FAC3E45E06024C7B547AD5D1BB1CA6">Moscas Florícolas de Chile Citizen Science Program, Patricio Lynch 940, Valdivia, Chile. &amp; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuschlöcher 1305, Osorno, Chile. rbarahona 13 @ gmail. com https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1509 - 2935</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0F78187CB2FFFA6E9B74FB0FCA2A2A4" bold="true" box="[151,876,1206,1233]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2FFFA6E9B74FB0FCA2A2A4" ID-CoL="8FHS8" authority="(Bigot, 1857)" baseAuthorityName="Bigot" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[151,876,1206,1233]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichophthalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niveibarbis" subGenus="Eurygastromyia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E9B74FB0FCA2A2A4" bold="true" box="[151,876,1206,1233]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E9B74FB0FE95A2A5" bold="true" box="[151,347,1206,1233]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Trichophthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E84C4FB1FDE0A2A5" bold="true" box="[364,558,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Eurygastromyia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6EB1F4FB0FD0BA2A5" bold="true" box="[575,709,1206,1233]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">niveibarbis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6EBF44FB0FCAAA2A4" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[724,868,1206,1232]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="277 - 308" refId="ref21986" refString="Bigot, J. M. F. (1857) Dipteres nouveaux provenant du Chili. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 3, 5, 277 - 308, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1857">Bigot, 1857</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB2FFFA6E9B74FDDFF37A281" blockId="30.[151,876,1206,1269]" box="[151,249,1243,1269]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
(
<figureCitation id="133B2A6ECB2FFFA6E9BF4FDDFF3FA281" box="[159,241,1243,1269]" captionStart="FIGURES 69–72" captionStartId="31.[152,270,1573,1597]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-237@31.[151,1436,669,1550]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 69–72. Trichophthalma niveibarbis (Bigot, 1857): (69) dorsal view, feed on Trevoa trinervis Gillies &amp; Hook (photo by Javiera Chinga); Trichophthalma nubipennis Rondani, 1863: (70) lateral view (photo by Jorge de la Torre), (71) dorsal view (photo by Ricardo Huenuanca), and Trichophthalma philippii Rondani, 1863: (72) dorsal view (photo by andyojedas)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10150170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10150170/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Fig. 69</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2FFFA6E9B74E26FDBDA343" ID-CoL="8CCCY" authority="Bigot, 1857: 282 - 283" authorityName="Bigot" authorityPageNumber="282 - 283" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,627,1311,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niveibarbis">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E9B74E26FE45A343" box="[151,395,1311,1335]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Hirmonevra niveibarbis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6E8B24E19FDBDA343" author="Bigot, J. M. F." box="[402,627,1311,1335]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="277 - 308" refId="ref21986" refString="Bigot, J. M. F. (1857) Dipteres nouveaux provenant du Chili. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, Serie 3, 5, 277 - 308, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1857">Bigot, 1857: 282–283</bibRefCitation>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB2FFFA6E9B74E39FAC5A39B" blockId="30.[151,1437,1311,1519]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110FACB2FFFA6E9B74E39FD95A322" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[151,603,1342,1366]" page="657" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" year="1865">
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2FFFA6E9B74E39FD95A322" ID-CoL="8CBQC" authority="Philippi, 1865: 657" authorityName="Philippi" authorityPageNumber="657" authorityYear="1865" box="[151,603,1342,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hermoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipennis">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E9B74E39FE40A322" box="[151,398,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Hermoneura pictipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6E8B54E38FD95A322" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[405,603,1342,1366]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref24607" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der K. - k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865: 657</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type-locality: 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB2FFFA6EBD84E38FCFFA322" box="[760,817,1342,1366]" name="Chile" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Valdivia. Refs. 
<treatmentCitation id="0AA110FACB2FFFA6EAF74E38FBB0A322" author="Reed, E. C." box="[983,1150,1342,1366]" page="289" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6EAF74E38FBB0A322" author="Reed, E. C." box="[983,1150,1342,1366]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="271 - 316" refId="ref24883" refString="Reed, E. C. (1888) Catalogo de los insectos dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8562" type="journal article" year="1888">Reed, 1888: 289</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(cat., 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2FFFA6ED9D4E39FAF4A322" ID-CoL="4XHK" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" box="[1213,1338,1343,1366]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6ED9D4E39FAF4A322" box="[1213,1338,1343,1366]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6EC714E38FA53A321" author="Hunter, W. D." box="[1361,1437,1342,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="121 - 155" refId="ref23386" refString="Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalog of the Diptera of South America. Part II. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 121 - 155." type="journal article" year="1901">Hunter,</bibRefCitation>
1901: 150 (cat., 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E8524E5AFDDAA300" box="[370,532,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Trichopthaloma</emphasis>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6EB0B4E5BFD2CA301" author="Kertesz, C." box="[555,738,1373,1397]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="22 - 32" refId="ref23529" refString="Kertesz, C. (1909) n. k. In: Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. IV. Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest, pp. 22 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5150" type="book chapter" year="1909">Kertész, 1909: 29</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6EA0E4E5AFBCEA300" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[814,1024,1372,1397]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="162 - 197" refId="ref22623" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bombyliiidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part 5. Fascicle 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 162 - 197." type="book chapter" year="1930">Edwards, 1930: 185</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6ED2C4E5AFADFA300" author="Stuardo, C." box="[1036,1297,1372,1396]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="214 - 248" refId="ref25678" refString="Stuardo, C. (1934 b) Sinopsis de los nemestrinidos chilenos del genero Trichophthalma Westwood (Diptera). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 38, 214 - 248, 1 fig., 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1934">Stuardo, 1934b: 234–236</bibRefCitation>
(com., dist.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6E9E74E7DFEBBA3E7" author="Stuardo, C." box="[199,373,1403,1427]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="77 - 94" refId="ref25751" refString="Stuardo, C. (1939) Algunas anotaciones sobre los &quot; Nemestrinidae &quot; (Diptera) de la Republica Argentina. Physis, Buenos Aires, 17, 77 - 94." type="journal article" year="1939">Stuardo,1939: 91</bibRefCitation>
(com.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6E8EC4E7DFD4FA3E7" author="Stuardo, C." box="[460,641,1403,1427]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" refId="ref25784" refString="Stuardo, C. (1946) Cata´logo de los di´pteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, Chile, 250 pp." type="book" year="1946">Stuardo, 1946: 99</bibRefCitation>
(cat., [
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2FFFA6EBE94E7DFBE8A3E7" box="[713,1062,1403,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichophthalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eurygastromyia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6EBE94E7DFCA5A3E7" box="[713,875,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Trichophthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6EA594E7AFBD5A3E7" box="[889,1051,1404,1427]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Eurygastromyia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]). 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2FFFA6E9B74E9DFEE8A3C6" authority="Bigot" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,294,1434,1458]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichophthalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amaena">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E9B74E9DFF29A3C6" box="[151,231,1435,1458]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">amaena</emphasis>
Bigot
</taxonomicName>
of R̂der, 1882: 511, misident. 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E9B74EBEFED5A3A4" box="[151,283,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">glauciventris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6E8034EBEFE3CA3A5" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[291,498,1464,1489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="162 - 197" refId="ref22623" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bombyliiidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part 5. Fascicle 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 162 - 197." type="book chapter" year="1930">Edwards, 1930: 183</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 11. Type-locality: 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB2FFFA6EBC24EBEFCD5A3A4" box="[738,795,1464,1488]" name="Chile" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Chile</collectingCountry>
, Llanquihue, Casa Pangue. Refs. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6ED554EBFFAF5A3A5" author="Bequaert, J." box="[1141,1339,1465,1489]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="13 - 33" refId="ref21692" refString="Bequaert, J. (1932) The Nemestrinidae (Diptera) in the V. v. R ˆ der Collection. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100, 13 - 33, 2 figs." type="journal article" year="1932">Bequaert, 1932: 29</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6EC674EBEFA52A3A4" author="Stuardo, C." box="[1351,1436,1464,1488]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="214 - 248" refId="ref25678" refString="Stuardo, C. (1934 b) Sinopsis de los nemestrinidos chilenos del genero Trichophthalma Westwood (Diptera). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 38, 214 - 248, 1 fig., 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1934">Stuardo,</bibRefCitation>
1934b: 246 (com.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6E8B04ED1FD8BA39B" author="Stuardo, C." box="[400,581,1495,1519]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" pagination="77 - 94" refId="ref25751" refString="Stuardo, C. (1939) Algunas anotaciones sobre los &quot; Nemestrinidae &quot; (Diptera) de la Republica Argentina. Physis, Buenos Aires, 17, 77 - 94." type="journal article" year="1939">Stuardo, 1939: 92</bibRefCitation>
(com.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2FFFA6EBBC4ED1FC9EA39B" author="Stuardo, C." box="[668,848,1495,1519]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" refId="ref25784" refString="Stuardo, C. (1946) Cata´logo de los di´pteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, Chile, 250 pp." type="book" year="1946">Stuardo, 1946: 98</bibRefCitation>
(cat., [
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2FFFA6EAB84ED1FB3BA39B" box="[920,1269,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichophthalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eurygastromyia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6EAB84ED1FBF4A39B" box="[920,1082,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Trichophthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6ED694EDEFB25A39B" box="[1097,1259,1496,1519]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Eurygastromyia</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]).
</paragraph>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6560CB2FFFA6E9B74D1BFBCFA043" box="[151,1025,1565,1592]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB2FFFA6E9B74D1BFBCFA043" blockId="30.[151,1437,1565,1952]" box="[151,1025,1565,1592]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<materialsCitation id="3B683CB6CB2FFFA6E9B74D1BFE65A043" box="[151,427,1565,1592]" country="Chile" location="Lost" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E9B74D1BFEC5A043" bold="true" box="[151,267,1565,1591]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<typeStatus id="54BB8849CB2FFFA6E9B74D1BFEC8A043" box="[151,262,1565,1591]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EDF6030CB2FFFA6E8324D18FE89A04C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987FDCB2FFFA7E9B74FB0FCAAA4F1:8EDF6030CB2FFFA6E8324D18FE89A04C" box="[274,327,1566,1592]" country="Chile" name="Lost" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Lost</location>
, “ 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB2FFFA6E87D4D1BFE6EA043" box="[349,416,1565,1591]" name="Chile" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Chile</collectingCountry>
”
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B683CB6CB2FFFA6E8954D1BFC33A043" box="[437,1021,1565,1591]" collectionCode="MCCC" country="Chile" location="Penalolen" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Region Metropolitana" typeStatus="neotype">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E8954D1BFDD0A043" bold="true" box="[437,542,1565,1591]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<typeStatus id="54BB8849CB2FFFA6E8954D1BFDD7A043" box="[437,537,1565,1591]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Male (
<collectionCode id="ED11AE2ECB2FFFA6EB4D4D1BFD0FA043" box="[621,705,1565,1591]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2cq3-0evh" name="Marine Culture Collection of China" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">MCCC</collectionCode>
) 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB2FFFA6EBF04D1BFCC1A043" box="[720,783,1565,1591]" name="Chile" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Chile</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EA3B4D1BFC4EA043" box="[795,896,1565,1591]" country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Santiago</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EDF6030CB2FFFA6EAAB4D1BFC33A043" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A987FDCB2FFFA7E9B74FB0FCAAA4F1:8EDF6030CB2FFFA6EAAB4D1BFC33A043" box="[907,1021,1565,1591]" country="Chile" name="Penalolen" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" stateProvince="Region Metropolitana">Peñalolén</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6560CB2FFFA6E9E74D47FCA6A1EB" pageId="30" pageNumber="181" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB2FFFA6E9E74D47FCA6A1EB" blockId="30.[151,1437,1565,1952]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6E9E74D47FE31A02F" bold="true" box="[199,511,1601,1627]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
Distribution. 
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB2FFFA6E84A4D47FE2BA02F" box="[362,485,1601,1627]" name="Argentina" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. (
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6E8DF4D47FDA9A02F" box="[511,615,1601,1627]" country="Argentina" name="Neuquen" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Neuquén</collectingRegion>
, Río Negro). 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2FFFA6EA2D4D47FC9AA02F" bold="true" box="[781,852,1601,1627]" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">
<collectingCountry id="F317767BCB2FFFA6EA2D4D47FC81A02F" box="[781,847,1601,1627]" name="Chile" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Chile</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EA7F4D47FB92A02F" box="[863,1116,1601,1627]" country="Chile" name="Coquimbo" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Región de Coquimbo</collectingRegion>
: Limarí Province (NP Fray Jorge, Talinay). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6E86C4D63FD8EA00B" box="[332,576,1637,1663]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Región de Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
: Quillota Province (Cuesta El Melón, La Campana), 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EDB24D63FABDA00B" box="[1170,1395,1637,1663]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Valparaíso Province</collectingRegion>
(El Salto, Jardín Botánico, Quebrada Verde, Quinta Vergara, Quintero, 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EA5F4D8FFC36A0D7" box="[895,1016,1673,1699]" country="Chile" name="Valparaiso" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Valparaíso</collectingRegion>
, Viña del Mar), San Antonio Province (Algarrobo, Minasol, Quebrada de Córdova). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EBAE4DABFBC3A0B3" box="[654,1037,1709,1735]" country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Región Metropolitana de Santiago</collectingRegion>
: Chacabuco Province (Caleu, Tiltil), Cordillera Province (El Canelo, El Manzano), 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EB8A4DD7FCB6A09F" box="[682,888,1745,1771]" country="Chile" name="Region Metropolitana" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Santiago Province</collectingRegion>
(Los Guindos, Peñalolén, San Pedro), Melipilla Province (Los Guindos), Maipo Province (Aculeo). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EBFF4DF3FC1DA17B" box="[735,979,1781,1807]" country="Chile" name="Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Región de O’Higgins</collectingRegion>
: Cachapoal Province (NR Río Cipreses). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6E9B74C1FFEA6A147" box="[151,360,1817,1843]" country="Chile" name="Maule" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Región del Maule</collectingRegion>
: Linares Province (Río Achibueno). Región del Ñuble: Itata Province (Cobquecura), Diguillín Province (Cordillera de Chillán, Las Trancas). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EB904C3BFC48A123" box="[688,902,1853,1879]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Región del Biobío</collectingRegion>
: Concepción Province (Concepción, Hualpén), 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6E9B74C67FE9FA10F" box="[151,337,1889,1915]" country="Chile" name="Biobio" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Biobío Province</collectingRegion>
(Pichinahuel), 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EB214C64FD0FA10F" box="[513,705,1889,1916]" country="Chile" name="Araucania" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Arauco Province</collectingRegion>
(Butamalal, Cerros de Nahuelbuta, Pichinahuel). 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2FFFA6EC204C67FEC1A1EB" country="Chile" name="Araucania" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Región de La Araucanía</collectingRegion>
: Malleco Province (Angol, NP Nahuelbuta) (
<figureCitation id="133B2A6ECB2FFFA6EA274C83FC95A1EB" box="[775,859,1925,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="33.[152,255,1189,1213]" captionTargetBox="[158,1433,186,1166]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1166]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 73. Distribution map of Trichophthalma murina (Lichtwardt, 1910) (green circles), Trichophthalma niveibarbis (Bigot, 1857) (orange circles), Trichophthalma nubipennis Rondani, 1863 (yellow circles), and Trichophthalma philippii Rondani, 1863 (red circles)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10150173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10150173/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="181">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6560CB2EFFA7E9E74B90FECAA7A5" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB2EFFA7E9E74B90FECAA7A5" blockId="31.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7E9E74B90FE9EA6C4" bold="true" box="[199,336,150,176]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">References.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7E87E4B91FD8AA6C5" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[350,580,150,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="595 - 782" refId="ref24607" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1865) Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der K. - k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595 - 782. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9295" type="journal article" year="1865">Philippi, 1865: 655</bibRefCitation>
(com., 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7EB884B91FCF9A6C4" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1865" box="[680,823,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hermoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EB884B91FCF9A6C4" box="[680,823,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Hermoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EA764B91FBF9A6C5" author="Schiner, J. R." box="[854,1079,151,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" refId="ref25166" refString="Schiner, J. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. Von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. 1. Abtheilung. B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien [Vienna], 388 pp." type="book" year="1868">Schiner, 1868: 107</bibRefCitation>
(n. comb.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EDF64B91FA52A6C5" author="Reed, E. C." box="[1238,1436,151,177]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="271 - 316" refId="ref24883" refString="Reed, E. C. (1888) Catalogo de los insectos dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271 - 316. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8562" type="journal article" year="1888">Reed, 1888: 289</bibRefCitation>
(cat., 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7E9FB4BBDFEABA6A0" ID-CoL="4XHK" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1820" box="[219,357,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7E9FB4BBDFEABA6A0" box="[219,357,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Hirmoneura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7E8A34BBDFD97A6A1" author="Hunter, W. D." box="[387,601,186,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="121 - 155" refId="ref23386" refString="Hunter, W. D. (1901) A catalog of the Diptera of South America. Part II. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 27, 121 - 155." type="journal article" year="1901">Hunter, 1901: 150</bibRefCitation>
(cat., 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EB8A4BBDFC81A6A1" box="[682,847,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Trichopthalma</emphasis>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EA4C4BBDFBF3A6A1" author="Kertesz, C." box="[876,1085,187,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="22 - 32" refId="ref23529" refString="Kertesz, C. (1909) n. k. In: Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. IV. Oncodidae, Nemestrinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae. Museum Nationale Hungaricum, Budapest, pp. 22 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5150" type="book chapter" year="1909">Kertész, 1909: 28</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EDB84BBDFA52A6A1" author="Lichtwardt, B." box="[1176,1436,187,213]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="589 - 624" refId="ref23857" refString="Lichtwardt, B. (1910) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Nemestriniden (Dipt.). Teil V. Uber amerikanischeArten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1910, 589 - 624, 5 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 4801910601" type="journal article" year="1910">Lichtwardt, 1910: 609</bibRefCitation>
(com., 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7E9C94BD9FE55A68C" box="[233,411,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Eyrygastromyia</emphasis>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7E8964BD9FD79A68D" author="Lichtwardt, B." box="[438,695,223,249]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="274 - 278" refId="ref23905" refString="Lichtwardt, B. (1919) Die Nemestriniden des Ungarischen National Museums in Budapest. Annales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 17, 274 - 278." type="journal article" year="1919">Lichtwardt, 1919: 278</bibRefCitation>
(com., 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7EA334BD9FC08A68C" authorityName="Lichtwardt" authorityYear="1910" box="[787,966,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Eurygastromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EA334BD9FC08A68C" box="[787,966,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Eurygastromyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EAC24BD9FB04A68D" author="Edwards, F. W." box="[994,1226,223,249]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="162 - 197" refId="ref22623" refString="Edwards, F. W. (1930) Bombyliiidae, Nemestrinidae and Cyrtidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part 5. Fascicle 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 162 - 197." type="book chapter" year="1930">Edwards, 1930: 183</bibRefCitation>
(com.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EC104BD9FF30A769" author="Bequaert, J." pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="13 - 33" refId="ref21692" refString="Bequaert, J. (1932) The Nemestrinidae (Diptera) in the V. v. R ˆ der Collection. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 100, 13 - 33, 2 figs." type="journal article" year="1932">Bequaert, 1932: 30</bibRefCitation>
(com.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7E8454A05FD46A769" author="Stuardo, C." box="[357,648,259,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="214 - 248" refId="ref25678" refString="Stuardo, C. (1934 b) Sinopsis de los nemestrinidos chilenos del genero Trichophthalma Westwood (Diptera). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 38, 214 - 248, 1 fig., 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1934">Stuardo, 1934b: 234–236</bibRefCitation>
(biol., dist., pl. 7, fig. 2); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EAE34A05FB5CA769" author="Stuardo, C." box="[963,1170,259,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" refId="ref25784" refString="Stuardo, C. (1946) Cata´logo de los di´pteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, Chile, 250 pp." type="book" year="1946">Stuardo, 1946: 97</bibRefCitation>
(cat., [
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7EDC94A05FE90A735" ID-CoL="87L5H" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichophthalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trichophthalma">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EDC94A05FA52A769" box="[1257,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Trichophthalma</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7E9814A21FE9AA735" box="[161,340,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Trichophthalma</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
]); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7E8A24A21FD9BA735" author="Papavero, N." box="[386,597,294,321]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref24447" refString="Papavero, N. (1968) 36. Family Nemestrinidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de S &quot; o Paulo, S &quot; o Paulo, pp. 1 - 12." type="book chapter" year="1968">Papavero, 1968: 5</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EB8C4A21FCB7A735" author="Angulo, A. O." box="[684,889,295,321]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 164" refId="ref21464" refString="Angulo, A. O. (1971) Los nemestrinidos de Chile (Diptera: Nemestrinidae). Gayana, Zoologia, Concepcion, 19, 1 - 164, 162 figs." type="journal article" year="1971">Angulo, 1971: 43</bibRefCitation>
(in key), 128–131 (neo. des., redes., figs. 106 (sper.), 108 (male ter.), 111 (aede.), 134 (dist.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EB964A4DFC57A711" author="Bernardi, N." box="[694,921,330,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="211 - 318" refId="ref21760" refString="Bernardi, N. (1973) The genera of the family Nemestrinidae (Diptera: Brachycera). Arquivos de Zoologia, Sao Paulo, 24 (4), 211 - 318, 76 figs. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 24 i 4 p 211 - 318" type="journal article" year="1973">Bernardi, 1973: 251</bibRefCitation>
(list); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EAC74A4DFA9CA711" author="Cekalovic, T. &amp; Artigas, J. N." box="[999,1362,331,357]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="233 - 246" refId="ref22278" refString="Cekalovic, T. &amp; Artigas, J. N. (1974) Catalogo de los tipos de Insecta depositados en la coleccion del Departamento de Zoologia de la Universidad de Concepcion (INCO): parte II. (enero, 1969 a enero, 1974). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 47, 233 - 246." type="journal article" year="1974">
Cekalovic &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49C4F809CB2EFFA7ED5E4A4DFB1DA711" box="[1150,1235,331,357]" country="Uruguay" name="Artigas" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Artigas</collectingRegion>
, 1974: 242
</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7E9B74A69FE9FA7FD" author="Angulo, A. O." box="[151,337,367,393]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="7 - 11" refId="ref21553" refString="Angulo, A. O. (1987) Algunos alcances filogeneticos a los Nemestrinidos de Chile (Diptera, Nemestrindae). Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 58, 7 - 11." type="journal article" year="1987">Angulo, 1987: 9</bibRefCitation>
(list); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7E8BF4A69FD14A7FD" author="Devoto, M. &amp; Medan, D." box="[415,730,367,393]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref22492" refString="Devoto, M. &amp; Medan, D. (2006) Diversity, distribution and floral specificity of tangle-veined flies (Diptera: Nemestrinidae) in northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 79 (1), 29 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0716 - 078 X 2006000100003" type="journal article" year="2006">Devoto &amp; Medan, 2006: 32</bibRefCitation>
(ecol., biol.), 33–34 (list), 36–37 (com.); Devoto 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EC334A69FA88A7FD" box="[1299,1350,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">et al</emphasis>
., 2006: 515 (list, ecol.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7E86E4A95FD41A7D9" author="Medan, D. &amp; Devoto, M." box="[334,655,402,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="155 - 160" refId="ref24290" refString="Medan, D. &amp; Devoto, M. (2008) The species of Trichophthalma (Diptera: Nemestrinidae) of Argentina. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, nueva serie, 10 (1), 155 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.22179 / REVMACN. 10.298" type="journal article" year="2008">Medan &amp; Devoto, 2008: 159</bibRefCitation>
(in key); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EBDB4A95FB98A7D9" author="Papavero, N. &amp; Bernardi, N." box="[763,1110,403,429]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref24506" refString="Papavero, N. &amp; Bernardi, N. (2009 a) Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Nemestrinidae. Neotropical Diptera, 7, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2009">Papavero &amp; Bernardi, 2009a: 9</bibRefCitation>
(cat.); 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7ED864A95FF0FA7A5" author="Kosmann, C. &amp; Lamas, C. J. E. &amp; Pujol-Luz, J. R." pageId="31" pageNumber="182" refId="ref23583" refString="Kosmann, C., Lamas, C. J. E. &amp; Pujol-Luz, J. R. (2014) Nemestrinidae. In: Roig-Junent, S., Claps, L. E. &amp; Morrone, J. J. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de artropodos argentinos. Vol. 4. INSUE - UNT Ediciones, Tucuman, pp. 407 - 415." type="book" year="2014">
Kosmann 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EC374A95FA86A7D9" box="[1303,1352,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">et al</emphasis>
., 2014: 415
</bibRefCitation>
(list).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31A6560CB2EFFA7E9E74ADCFCAAA4F1" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BBF36EBCB2EFFA7E9E74ADCFCAAA4F1" blockId="31.[151,1437,150,645]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7E9E74ADCFEEFA780" bold="true" box="[199,289,474,500]" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Biology</emphasis>
. This species has been observed by citizen scientists visiting 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7EA984ADDFA58A781" authority="(Molina) D. J. Middleton" authorityName="D. J. Middleton" baseAuthorityName="Molina" box="[952,1430,475,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaultheria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="insana">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EA984ADDFB4DA780" box="[952,1155,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Gaultheria insana</emphasis>
(Molina) D.J. Middleton
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7E9B74AF9FD8FA46D" authority="Hook. &amp; Arn." authorityName="Hook. &amp; Arn." box="[151,577,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Geraniaceae" genus="Tropeolum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Geraniales" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brachyceras">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7E9B74AF9FE6EA46D" box="[151,416,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Tropeolum brachyceras</emphasis>
Hook. &amp; Arn.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7EB6D4AF9FCDEA46D" authority="Graham" authorityName="Graham" box="[589,784,511,537]" class="Liliopsida" family="Alstroemeriaceae" genus="Alstroemeria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurea">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EB6D4AF9FD62A46C" box="[589,684,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">A. aurea</emphasis>
Graham
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7EA3B4AF9FB78A46D" authority="Phil. According" authorityName="Phil. According" box="[795,1206,511,537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearifolia">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EA3B4AF9FBCEA46D" box="[795,1024,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Berberis linearifolia</emphasis>
Phil. According
</taxonomicName>
to 
<bibRefCitation id="EF914B1ACB2EFFA7EDF94AF9FF2CA449" author="Devoto, M. &amp; Medan, D." pageId="31" pageNumber="182" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref22492" refString="Devoto, M. &amp; Medan, D. (2006) Diversity, distribution and floral specificity of tangle-veined flies (Diptera: Nemestrinidae) in northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 79 (1), 29 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.4067 / S 0716 - 078 X 2006000100003" type="journal article" year="2006">Devoto &amp; Medan (2006)</bibRefCitation>
and Devoto 
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7E84A4925FE57A449" box="[362,409,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">et al</emphasis>
. (2006), this nemestrinid fly species have also been recorded visiting flowers of 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7EC214925FA5BA448" box="[1281,1429,547,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Proteaceae" genus="Embothrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Proteales" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineum">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EC214925FA5BA448" box="[1281,1429,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">E. coccineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Recently, fieldworks in plant-pollinator interactions have recorded to 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7EA814941FBF4A415" authorityName="Bigot" authorityYear="1857" box="[929,1082,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Hirmonevra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niveibarbis">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EA814941FBF4A415" box="[929,1082,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">T. niveibarbis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
feed on 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7EDBB4941FA53A415" authority="Miers." authorityName="Miers." box="[1179,1437,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Trevoa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trinervis">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7EDBB4941FA83A414" box="[1179,1357,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Trevoa trinervis</emphasis>
Miers.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C004D68CB2EFFA7E9E7496DFE01A4F1" authority="Benth." authorityName="Benth." box="[199,463,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Stachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="31" pageNumber="182" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macreai">
<emphasis id="B974EAF9CB2EFFA7E9E7496DFEB0A4F0" box="[199,382,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="182">Stachys macreai</emphasis>
Benth.
</taxonomicName>
(Javiera Chinga, unpublished data).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>