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<document id="6F02CE62D6457FA0278362FD6E47BE06" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a24591c0-c791-4e88-924b-104fddbe76b9" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157563" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461011037845" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-Fernández, Hernán &amp; Taphorn, Donald C." docDate="2004" docId="039EFA2CFFEDFFFBFEB7E92AFAEF8096" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00439.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 439" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geophagus" docType="key" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFA78254FFFBFFEDFFBFE831FFC58436" masterDocTitle="Geophagus abalios, G. dicrozoster and G. winemilleri (Perciformes: Cichlidae), three new species from Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698567285836" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CB3CE5D880C55ABC639F851D52D59962">Geophagus abalios, G. dicrozoster and G. winemilleri (Perciformes: Cichlidae), three new species from Venezuela</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="20A16C0213F82214C04EB9A597B3F6E4">López-Fernández, Hernán</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3912F19FC147A08F27F7FEE02484A495">Taphorn, Donald C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="602BB3B5A53887F6F3D06CE489D9CA50">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CFED0BA8F4739BB58DF3F43E80FF5A8C">439</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039EFA2CFFEDFFFBFEB7E92AFAEF8096" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5685161" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119600279" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5685161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EFA2CFFEDFFFBFEB7E92AFAEF8096" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EFA2CFFEDFFFBFEB7E92AFAEF8096" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEDFFFBFEB7E92AFCE98500" box="[264,812,283,310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7E92AFCE98500" blockId="22.[264,812,283,310]" box="[264,812,283,310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="D0C0FC56FFEDFFFBFEB7E92AFCE98500" bold="true" box="[264,812,283,310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFEB7E92AFCE98500" bold="true" box="[264,812,283,310]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
Key to the Venezuelan species of
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEDFFFBFD1CE92DFCE98500" ID-CoL="4MYZ" ID-ENA="13073" box="[675,812,284,310]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFD1CE92DFCE98500" bold="true" box="[675,812,284,310]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Geophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEDFFFBFEB7E956FAEF8096" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="key">
<keyStep id="30C3539FFFEDFFFBFEB7E956FAEE85E7" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7E956FAE9859F" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7E956FAE9859F" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1 Infraorbital stripe complete (
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEDFFFBFD30E956FD1385B7" box="[655,726,359,385]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[300,1296,762,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[275,1332,756,1444]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagrammatic representation of scale nomenclature, head markings and lateral bar patterns of Geophagus as used in this paper. Abbreviations are as follows: E 1, first epaxial longitudinal series of scales, used to count number of longitudinal scales; E 6, last epaxial longitudinal series of scales; H 1 – H 5, hypaxial longitudinal series of scales; IOS, infraorbital stripe; MLS, midlateral spot; POM, preopercular mark; ULL, upper lateral line; LLL, lower lateral line; 1 – 7, lateral bars. Scale nomenclature after Kullander (1992, 1996). Infraorbital, preopercular and mid­lateral black markings are observable both in live and preserved specimens; lateral bar patterns are gener­" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157564/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), extending from ventral edge of orbit to edge of preopercule or dorsal half of interopercule ................................................................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7E986FAEE85E7" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" box="[264,1323,439,465]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7E986FAEE85E7" box="[264,1323,439,465]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
­ Infraorbital stripe absent, or reduced to a dark mark on preopercule (
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEDFFFBFBE5E986FB5B85E7" box="[1114,1182,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[300,1296,762,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[275,1332,756,1444]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagrammatic representation of scale nomenclature, head markings and lateral bar patterns of Geophagus as used in this paper. Abbreviations are as follows: E 1, first epaxial longitudinal series of scales, used to count number of longitudinal scales; E 6, last epaxial longitudinal series of scales; H 1 – H 5, hypaxial longitudinal series of scales; IOS, infraorbital stripe; MLS, midlateral spot; POM, preopercular mark; ULL, upper lateral line; LLL, lower lateral line; 1 – 7, lateral bars. Scale nomenclature after Kullander (1992, 1996). Infraorbital, preopercular and mid­lateral black markings are observable both in live and preserved specimens; lateral bar patterns are gener­" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157564/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) .............. 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C3539FFFEDFFFBFEB7E9EEFAEE867E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7E9EEFAEE85CE" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" box="[264,1323,479,505]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7E9EEFAEE85CE" box="[264,1323,479,505]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
2 Dorsal fin base with sheath of scales; faint horizontal stripes on flank
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEDFFFBFBD5E9EEFAEE85CE" ID-CoL="3FQVP" box="[1130,1323,479,504]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniopareius">
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFBD5E9EEFAEE85CE" box="[1130,1323,479,504]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">G. taeniopareius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7EA36FAEE867E" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7EA36FAEE867E" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
­ Dorsal fin base without sheath of scales; no horizontal markings on flank ................... ...........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEDFFFBFBEBEA1EFAEE867E" ID-CoL="6KBRD" box="[1108,1323,559,584]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grammepareius">
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFBEBEA1EFAEE867E" box="[1108,1323,559,584]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">G. grammepareius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C3539FFFEDFFFBFEB7EA66FAE98727" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7EA66FAEE86F6" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7EA66FAEE86F6" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
3 Base of gill filaments on first gill arch largely covered by broad flap of skin; no discernible lateral bars on preserved specimens (
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEDFFFBFCF1EA4EFC5186AF" box="[846,916,639,665]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
e); Cuyuní river drainage .............
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFE84EA96FAEE86F6" box="[315,1323,679,704]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
...........................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEDFFFBFBF1EA96FAEE86F6" ID-CoL="6KC23" box="[1102,1323,679,704]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachybranchus">G. brachybranchus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7EAFEFAE98727" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7EAFEFAE98727" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">­ Base of gill filaments on first gill arch narrowly covered with skin at base; 4 to 7 lateral bars on preserved specimens; Orinoco or Río Negro drainages .......................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C3539FFFEDFFFBFEB7EB2EFAEB87EF" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7EB2EFAEE87BE" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7EB2EFAEE87BE" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
4 Seven dark bars on flank, with bars 4 and 5 forming a “
<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEDFFFBFC71EB2EFC23870F" box="[974,998,799,825]" name="Italy" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Y</collectingCountry>
” pattern; ventral margin of caudal peduncle contained 1.1 to 1.3 times in dorsal margin of caudal peduncle; subopercule caudoventrally naked (
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEDFFFBFD1FEB5EFD2387BF" box="[672,742,879,905]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
a)....................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEDFFFBFB38EB5EFAEE87BE" ID-CoL="6KC3B" box="[1159,1323,879,905]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster">
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFB38EB5EFB5C87BE" box="[1159,1177,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFB17EB5EFAEE87BE" box="[1192,1323,879,904]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">dicrozoster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7EBA6FAEB87EF" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7EBA6FAEB87EF" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">­ Fewer than seven bars on flank; ventral margin of caudal peduncle contained 1.5 to 1.6 times in dorsal margin of caudal peduncle; subopercule fully scaled ......................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30C3539FFFEDFFFBFEB7EBD6FAEF8096" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7EBD6FAEF8066" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7EBD6FAEF8066" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
5 Dorsal lobe of caudal fin with accessory lateral line extension between rays D3 and D4; preopercular mark present; four, broad and parallel, caudo­ventrally inclined lateral bars on flank (
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEDFFFBFDABEC06FD9F8067" box="[532,602,1079,1105]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
c) .......................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEDFFFBFB3AEC06FAEF8066" ID-CoL="3FQVT" box="[1157,1322,1079,1104]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFB3AEC06FAEF8066" box="[1157,1322,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">G. winemilleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEDFFFBFEB7EC6EFAEF8096" blockId="22.[264,1326,359,1185]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<keyLead id="30C6E80FFFEDFFFBFEB7EC6EFAEF8096" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
­ Dorsal lobe of caudal fin without accessory lateral line extension; preopercular mark absent; six, vertical and parallel bars on flank (
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEDFFFBFCE4ECB6FC648097" box="[859,929,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
b) ................................
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEDFFFBFB0BECB6FAEF8096" ID-CoL="6KC26" box="[1204,1322,1159,1185]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abalios">
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFB0BECB6FB038096" box="[1204,1222,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEDFFFBFB6BECB6FAEF8096" box="[1236,1322,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">abalios</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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