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<mods:title id="CD93959EC57F0EA016B42558D2ADCB63">The millipede tribe Leptoiulini in the Caucasus, with notes on its generic classification (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae)</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B94DEAE4FFDC4733FF6D5FA2FE28FB06" bold="true" box="[151,388,1248,1275]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">Leptoiulus hastatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FE765FA2FDCBFB07" author="Lohmander, H." box="[396,615,1248,1274]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref23276" refString="Lohmander, H. (1932) Neue Diplopoden aus Persien. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, Series 5 B, 3 (2), 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1932">Lohmander, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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<heading id="D0CE819AFFDC4733FF6D5E41FD45FAE3" bold="true" box="[151,745,1283,1310]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" reason="1">
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<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FF6D5E41FEADFAE3" box="[151,257,1283,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1185,1210]" captionTargetBox="[303,1284,345,1160]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[303,1284,345,1160]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 15. Habitus pictures of some species of Leptoiulini from the Caucasus, lateral views. A: Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1932, male from near Shnokh, Armenia. B: Leptoiulus tanymorphus (Attems, 1901), male from Ajikent, Azerbaijan. C: Leptoiulus meskhii sp. nov., male paratype from Galabyn, Azerbaijan. D: Leptoiulus gonopodialis sp. nov., male paratype from Lagodekhi Nature Reserve, Georgia. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826239" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826239/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">Figs 15A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FEF45E46FE87FAE3" box="[270,299,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1889,1914]" captionTargetBox="[271,1316,1340,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[271,1316,1340,1864]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 16. Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1932, male from near Lichk, Armenia. A: anterior part of body, lateral view. B: middle part of body, lateral view. C: posterior part of body, dorsolateral view. D: anterior part of body, ventral view. E: midbody ring, frontal view. F: head, ventral view. Abbreviations: ep, epiproct; hp, hypoproct; lg, lamella lingualis of gnathochilarium; ls, labral seta; mz, metazona; pz, prozona; sg, stipes of gnathoсhilarium. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (AC, E, F) or 0.1 (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826241" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826241/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FEC25E46FEF9FAE3" box="[312,341,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1300,1325]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,181,1274]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[176,1411,181,1274]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1932. A-C: male from Toðanalý, Azerbaijan. D-F: Morph B, male from Ceyrankeçməz, Qobustan, Azerbaijan. A: leg pair 1, anterolateral view. B: leg pair 1, anterior view. C: gnathochilarium, ventral view. Abbreviations: lg, lamella lingualis of gnathochilarium; sg, stipes of gnathoсhilarium. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (AC, E, F) or 0.05 mm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826243" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826243/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FE985E46FED3FAE3" box="[354,383,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1975,2000]" captionTargetBox="[182,1407,1459,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[177,1411,1454,1949]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 18. Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1932, male from Aganos, Azerbaijan. A: antenna, lateral view. B: gnathochilarium, ventral view. C: leg 1, caudal view. D: leg 2, caudal view. E: ventral edge of segment 7, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826245/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FE765E46FE05FAE3" box="[396,425,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="21.[151,250,684,709]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,181,659]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[177,1410,181,659]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 19. Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1932, male from near Lichk, Armenia. A: segment 7, ventral view. B-C: gonopod, frontoventral and mesal views, respectively. Abbreviations: fl, flagellum; lp, lamella of promere; ms, mesomere; op, opisthomere; ph, phylacum; pr, promere; sl, solenomere; ve, velum. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A), 0.2 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826249/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FE4C5E46FE7FFAE3" box="[438,467,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1903,1928]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,803,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[189,1398,803,1878]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 20. Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1932, male from Toðanalý, Azerbaijan. A: gonopods, mesal view. B: gonopods, mesodistal view. C: gonopods, posterodistal view. D: promere of gonopod, posterior view. E: gonopods without promere, mesal view. F: gonopods without promere, lateral view. Abbreviations: fl, flagellum; lp, lamella of promere; ms, mesomere; op, opisthomere; ph, phylacum; pr, promere; sl, solenomere; ve, velum. Scale bars: A: 0.2 mm, rest: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826251/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">20</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FE1A5E46FE51FAE3" box="[480,509,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1260,1285]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,181,1235]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[201,1386,181,1235]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 21. Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1932, aberrant male from Ceyrankeçməz, Qobustan, Azerbaijan. A: gonopods, lateral view. B: gonopods, mesal view. C: promere of gonopod, posterior view. Female from same place as male. D: vulva, posterior view, E: vulva, lateral view. F: vulva, mesal view. Abbreviations: bu, bursa; lp, lamella of promere; ms, mesomere; om, operculum; op, opisthomere; ph, phylacum; pr, promere; sl, solenomere; ve, velum. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826253/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">21</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FDF05E46FD8BFAE3" box="[522,551,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1638,1663]" captionTargetBox="[376,1226,306,1596]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[340,1247,273,1613]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 22. A-B: Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1932, male holotype, after Lohmander, 1932 (A-B). A: gonopod, mesal view. B: opisthomere of gonopod, lateral view. C-F: male holotype of L. disparatus Lohmander, 1936, after Lohmander, 1936. C: promere of gonopod, caudal view. D: gonopod, mesal view. E: end of opisthomere, frontolateral view. F: end of opisthomere, caudal view. Abbreviations: fl, flagellum; lp, lamella of promere; ms, mesomere; op, opisthomere; ph, phylacum; pr, promere; sl, solenomere; ve, velum. Drawn not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826255/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">22</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FDCE5E46FDFDFAE3" box="[564,593,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1050,1075]" captionTargetBox="[176,1411,181,1025]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[176,1411,181,1025]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 23. Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1932. A-E: end of gonopod opisthomere, mesal views. A: male from Vardzia, Georgia. B: male from Tba Bazaleti Lake. C: male from Vardzia, Georgia. D: male from Vardzia, Georgia. E: male from Toðanalý, Azerbaijan. FG: vulvae, posterior view. F: female from Sevanavank Monastery. Armenia. G: female from Tba Bazaleti Lake Abbreviations: bu, bursa; om, operculum; ph, phylacum; sl, solenomere; ve, velum. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (AD), 0.1 mm (FG) or not to scale (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826257" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826257/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13022A73FFDC4733FDA45E46FD3CFAE3" box="[606,656,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1281,1306]" captionTargetBox="[257,1333,290,1250]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[250,1338,286,1256]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 41. Female vulvae of Leptoiulini from the Caucasus, caudolateral views. A: Chaetoleptophyllum flexum Golovatch, 1979 (female from Algeti Nature Reserve, Georgia). B: Kubaniulus gracilis Lohmander, 1936 (female from Pasture Abago, Krasnodar Prov.). C: Kubaniulus lativelatus sp. nov. (paratype from near Gelenjik, Krasnodar Prov). D: Leptoiulus hastatus Lohmander, 1936 (female from Totev,Armenia). E: Leptoiulus tanymorphus (Attems, 1901) (paratype, after Lohmander, 1936). F: Leptoiulus meskhii sp. nov. (paratype from Galabyn, Azerbaijan). G: Leptoiulus gonopodialis sp. nov. (paratype from Lagodekhi Nature Reserve, Georgia). Abbreviations: a, ampulla/ -ae; bu, bursa; em, emargination of median field; mf, median field; om, operculum; rs, receptaculum seminis. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (AE, G), drawn not to scale (H, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3826299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3826299/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">41D</figureCitation>
, Map 2
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FF6D5E0AFD9DFA9D" author="Lohmander, H." box="[151,561,1352,1377]" page="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="1932">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D75FFDC4733FF6D5E0AFD9DFA9D" ID-CoL="3TQKH" authority="Lohmander, 1932: 8" authorityName="Lohmander" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,561,1352,1377]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Leptoiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastatus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAE4FFDC4733FF6D5E0AFEF0FA9D" box="[151,348,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">Leptoiulus hastatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FE995E0AFD9DFA9D" author="Lohmander, H." box="[355,561,1352,1377]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref23276" refString="Lohmander, H. (1932) Neue Diplopoden aus Persien. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, Series 5 B, 3 (2), 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1932">Lohmander, 1932: 8</bibRefCitation>
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(D).
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<taxonomicName id="4C394D75FFDC4733FF6D5E25FEAEFA82" ID-CoL="7PMNK" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,258,1383,1407]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Leptoiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptoiulus</taxonomicName>
hastatus—
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FE895E2AFD8BFA82" author="Lang, J." box="[371,551,1382,1408]" page="1791" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FE895E2AFD8BFA82" author="Lang, J." box="[371,551,1382,1408]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="1790 - 1796" refId="ref23234" refString="Lang, J. (1959) [To the knowledge of millipedes (Diplopoda) of the USSR territory]. Zoologicheskii zhurnal, 38 (12), 1790 - 1796. [in Russian, summary in English]" type="journal article" year="1959">Lang, 1959: 1791</bibRefCitation>
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(M);
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FD985E24FC6DFA82" author="Loksina, I. E. &amp; Golovatch, S. I." box="[610,961,1382,1407]" page="386" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FD985E24FC6DFA82" author="Loksina, I. E. &amp; Golovatch, S. I." box="[610,961,1382,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref23367" refString="Loksina, I. E. &amp; Golovatch, S. I. (1979) Diplopoda of the USSR fauna. Pedobiologia, 19, 381 - 389." type="journal article" year="1979">Lokšina and Golovatch, 1979: 386</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(M);
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FC065E24FAE4FA82" author="Enghoff, H. &amp; Moravvej, S. A." box="[1020,1352,1382,1407]" page="66" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FC065E24FAE4FA82" author="Enghoff, H. &amp; Moravvej, S. A." box="[1020,1352,1382,1407]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="61 - 72" refId="ref22541" refString="Enghoff, H. &amp; Moravvej, S. A. (2005) A review of the millipede fauna of Iran (Diplopoda). Zoology in the Near East, 35, 61 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2005.10638104" type="journal article" year="2005">Enghoff and Moravvej, 2005: 66</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(M).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8636F6FFDC4733FF6D5EC4FD63FA63" blockId="18.[151,1436,1352,1505]" box="[151,719,1413,1438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2911D8FFDC4733FF6D5EC4FD63FA63" box="[151,719,1413,1438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FF6D5EC4FDFFFA63" author="Lohmander, H." box="[151,595,1413,1438]" page="60" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="1936">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D75FFDC4733FF6D5EC4FDFFFA63" ID-CoL="3TQK9" authority="Lohmander, 1936: 60" authorityName="&quot; Lohmander" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,595,1413,1438]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Leptoiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disparatus">
<emphasis id="B94DEAE4FFDC4733FF6D5EC4FEDFFA63" box="[151,371,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">Leptoiulus disparatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FE805EC7FDFFFA63" author="Lohmander, H." box="[378,595,1413,1438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref23334" refString="Lohmander, H. (1936) Uber die Diplopoden des Kaukasusgebietes. Goteborgs Kungliga Vetenskaps- och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar, Series 5 B, 5 (1), 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1936">Lohmander, 1936: 60</bibRefCitation>
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(D),
<emphasis id="B94DEAE4FFDC4733FD705EC4FD63FA63" bold="true" box="[650,719,1414,1438]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">syn. n.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B94DEAE4FFDC4733FF6D5EE6FE27FA41" box="[151,395,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="255">
<taxonomicName id="4C394D75FFDC4733FF6D5EE6FEAEFA41" ID-CoL="7PMNK" authorityName="Verhoeff" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,258,1444,1468]" class="Diplopoda" family="Julidae" genus="Leptoiulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Julida" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptoiulus</taxonomicName>
disparatus—
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FE705EE7FD92FA41" author="Lang, J." box="[394,574,1444,1469]" page="1791" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="1959">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FE705EE7FD92FA41" author="Lang, J." box="[394,574,1444,1469]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="1790 - 1796" refId="ref23234" refString="Lang, J. (1959) [To the knowledge of millipedes (Diplopoda) of the USSR territory]. Zoologicheskii zhurnal, 38 (12), 1790 - 1796. [in Russian, summary in English]" type="journal article" year="1959">Lang, 1959: 1791</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(M);
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FD835EE6FCCAFA41" author="Kobakhidze, D. N." box="[633,870,1444,1469]" page="190" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FD835EE6FCCAFA41" author="Kobakhidze, D. N." box="[633,870,1444,1469]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="186 - 195" refId="ref22945" refString="Kobakhidze, D. N. (1964) [Myriopoda]. In: [Animal Life of Georgia. 2. Arthropoda]. Institute of Zoology, SSR Georgia Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, pp. 186 - 195. [in Georgian]" type="book chapter" year="1964">Kobakhidze, 1964: 190</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(R), 1965: 392 (M);
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FBC75EE6FA30FA40" author="Loksina, I. E. &amp; Golovatch, S. I." box="[1085,1436,1444,1469]" page="386" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FBC75EE6FA30FA40" author="Loksina, I. E. &amp; Golovatch, S. I." box="[1085,1436,1444,1469]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="381 - 389" refId="ref23367" refString="Loksina, I. E. &amp; Golovatch, S. I. (1979) Diplopoda of the USSR fauna. Pedobiologia, 19, 381 - 389." type="journal article" year="1979">Lokšina and Golovatch, 1979: 386</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(M);
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FF065E8AFE73FA1D" author="Bababekova, L. A." box="[252,479,1480,1505]" page="91" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FF065E8AFE73FA1D" author="Bababekova, L. A." box="[252,479,1480,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="89 - 97" refId="ref22294" refString="Bababekova, L. A. (1996) [The subphylum of tracheates-Tracheata]. In: Aliev, S. V. &amp; Kasymov, E. G. (Eds.), [Animal life of Azerbaijan. 2. The phylum of arthropods]. Baku: Elm Publishers, pp. 89 - 97. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1996">Bababekova, 1996: 91</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(M);
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FDE05E8AFD4CFA1D" author="Enghoff, H." box="[538,736,1480,1505]" page="181" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FDE05E8AFD4CFA1D" author="Enghoff, H." box="[538,736,1480,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="175 - 198" refId="ref22445" refString="Enghoff, H. (2006) The millipedes of Turkey (Diplopoda). Steenstrupia, 29 (2), 175 - 198." type="journal article" year="2006">Enghoff, 2006: 181</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(R);
<treatmentCitation id="0A9810E7FFDC4733FCEF5E8AFBCCFA1D" author="Kokhia, M. S. &amp; Golovatch, S. I." box="[789,1120,1480,1505]" page="40" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA84B07FFDC4733FCEF5E8AFBCCFA1D" author="Kokhia, M. S. &amp; Golovatch, S. I." box="[789,1120,1480,1505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="255" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref23114" refString="Kokhia, M. S. &amp; Golovatch, S. I. (2018) A checklist of the millipedes of Georgia, Caucasus (Diplopoda). ZooKeys, 741, 35 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 741.20042" type="journal article" year="2018">Kokhia and Golovatch, 2018: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(M).
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