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<document id="F45B786D1F2B2BEA2BC46BA07CF17FEB" ID-CLB-Dataset="36709" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4227.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69b17c45-2ce2-42ba-b023-0b17f3b83fb4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293613" ID-ZooBank="D71F8124-BD24-4FDC-A659-9ECC496150BD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1486670234657" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Okanishi, Masanori" docDate="2017" docId="038E87A04E7BD36DFF7FFF68E5FAFDB1" docLanguage="en" docName="data.D8284B1967D88C5941EF86CB439E2B88.cached" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4227 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator Koehler 1904, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="549" masterDocId="FFB7FFD84E79D36BFFE8FFFFE11FFF8C" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the genus Astrohelix Döderlein, 1930 including the synonymy of the subgenus Asteroporpa (Astromoana) Baker, 1980 to Astrohelix" masterLastPageNumber="553" masterPageNumber="543" pageNumber="545" updateTime="1698436741822" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="910BC514A2E6F4DC8B30E5D314DA93B6">
<mods:title id="0BD2025DEFD2F7A1B9B37538EA5A03BB">A taxonomic review of the genus Astrohelix Döderlein, 1930 including the synonymy of the subgenus Asteroporpa (Astromoana) Baker, 1980 to Astrohelix</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8154A431207C30F2DEE90C239EA2DFEB" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4AF6EB6B2BBB3F02E57E7717C75EBE58">
<mods:roleTerm id="19706ABFB6F3E7875612C4F8F721B5D4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8B41D1CC13771F47372E24EE079914C4">Okanishi, Masanori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="35A0AD6409669F95516DA7D83CEF0C16">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1CCD19AE71A9C4D81EF4199A3E2837C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F2A3BAC8CD16D9D5813687A82C547D95">
<mods:date id="2A0897132DFD7F3FF5184FEA8E2A7893">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0D1DFEF64388629FB3FE6951E3B4C4DA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="21D08654295757A732BE919887933D4B">4227</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="67FEA481AFAD6F2B22E427740299D7C5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B48DD35B37BF66BC52D523720384136A" type="CLB-Dataset">36709</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3877A2D092F38B668462082A0E4B6969" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4227.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="25353E14CC85B0719486A37E060CC357" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E87A04E7BD36DFF7FFF68E5FAFDB1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5688478" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127678114" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5688478" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87A04E7BD36DFF7FFF68E5FAFDB1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87A04E7BD36DFF7FFF68E5FAFDB1" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<subSubSection id="C33D653D4E7BD369FF7FFF68E014FF5F" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF7FFF68E264FF3E" blockId="2.[151,891,151,211]" box="[151,891,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<heading id="D0D081DA4E7BD369FF7FFF68E264FF3E" bold="true" box="[151,891,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FF7FFF68E264FF3E" bold="true" box="[151,891,151,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7BD369FF7FFF68E3F2FF3E" ID-CoL="02b59fb1-b2e3-4523-bb4b-6dbd99acce9c" authority="Koehler, 1904" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,749,151,178]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Asteroporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Astrohelix">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FF7FFF68E034FF3D" bold="true" box="[151,299,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Asteroporpa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FED4FF68E0A6FF3D" bold="true" box="[316,441,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Astrohelix</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FE22FF68E338FF3D" bold="true" box="[458,551,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">bellator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B474E7BD369FDDEFF67E3FAFF3E" author="Koehler" box="[566,741,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" refString="Koehler, R. (1904) Ophiures de l'Expedition du Siboga. Part I. Ophiures de Mer profonde. Siboga-Expeditie, 45 a, 1 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26057DF4E7BD369FD1DFF67E264FF3E" box="[757,891,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF7FFF45E014FF5F" blockId="2.[151,891,151,211]" box="[151,267,186,211]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
(
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FF77FF45E01EFF5F" box="[159,257,186,211]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetBox-1="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D653D4E7BD369FF7FFEFCE41DFEBB" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF7FFEFCE515FE94" blockId="2.[151,1282,258,311]" box="[151,1034,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7BD369FF7FFEFCE0F1FE94" ID-CoL="ec1013fa-9148-4a5b-ae61-f8c5b3359542" authority="Koehler, 1904" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,494,258,280]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FF7FFEFCE049FE94" box="[151,342,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Astrotoma bellator</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B474E7BD369FEB4FEFDE0F1FE94" author="Koehler" box="[348,494,258,280]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" refString="Koehler, R. (1904) Ophiures de l'Expedition du Siboga. Part I. Ophiures de Mer profonde. Siboga-Expeditie, 45 a, 1 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 154–144, pl. 19, fig. 8, pl. 23, fig. 1, pl. 28, fig. 8–9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF7FFEDEE41DFEBB" blockId="2.[151,1282,258,311]" box="[151,1282,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7BD369FF7FFEDEE31EFEBB" ID-CoL="74498270-f3a8-42e5-aadf-92d16250cb95" authority="Doderlein, 1930" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,513,289,311]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FF7FFEDEE04BFEBB" box="[151,340,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Astrohelix bellator</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B474E7BD369FEB3FEDEE31EFEBB" author="Doderlein" box="[347,513,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" refString="Doderlein, L. (1930) Die Ophiuroiden der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. 2. Euryalae. Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition 1898 - 1899, 22, 347 - 396." type="journal article" year="1930">Döderlein, 1930</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 376–377, pl. 1, fig. 9–9b (redescription of
<typeStatus id="549C88144E7BD369FC53FEDEE50BFEBB" box="[955,1044,289,311]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7BD369FBDDFEDDE5EBFEBB" ID-CoL="ec1013fa-9148-4a5b-ae61-f8c5b3359542" box="[1077,1268,289,311]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FBDDFEDDE5EBFEBB" box="[1077,1268,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Astrotoma bellator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D653D4E7BD369FF7FFE9BE2F1FE2C" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF7FFE9BE2F1FE2C" blockId="2.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3CEB4E7BD369FF7FFE9BE2F1FE2C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1427602971" collectingDate="1899-07-04" collectionCode="ZMA" country="Iceland" elevation="275" location="Siboga Expedition" municipality="Philippine" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Sulu" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FF7FFE9BE059FEF1" bold="true" box="[151,326,356,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<typeStatus id="549C88144E7BD369FF7FFE9BE1CDFEF1" box="[151,210,356,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED36AE734E7BD369FEA5FE9BE094FEF0" box="[333,395,356,380]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">ZMA</collectionCode>
E2044,
<typeStatus id="549C88144E7BD369FE03FE9BE352FEF1" box="[491,589,356,381]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7BD369FD9CFE9BE257FEF0" box="[628,840,356,380]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FD9CFE9BE257FEF0" box="[628,840,356,380]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Astrotoma bellator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, collected by the
<location id="8EF8606D4E7BD369FBF9FE9BE5FAFEF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E87A04E7BD36DFF7FFF68E5FAFDB1:8EF8606D4E7BD369FBF9FE9BE5FAFEF1" box="[1041,1253,356,381]" country="Iceland" municipality="Philippine" name="Siboga Expedition" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" stateProvince="Sulu">Siboga Expedition</location>
, station 105, off northern
<collectingRegion id="49E3F8544E7BD369FF14FE78E02FFE2C" box="[252,304,391,416]" country="Philippines" name="Sulu" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Sulu</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F33076264E7BD369FEDFFE78E061FE2C" box="[311,382,391,416]" name="Iceland" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCACCC4E7BD369FE61FE78E0E0FE2C" box="[393,511,391,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Philippine</collectingMunicipality>
, 6˚8’N, 121˚19’E,
<elevation id="000AD1854E7BD369FD3BFE78E205FE13" box="[723,794,391,416]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="m" value="275.0">
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FD3BFE78E205FE13" box="[723,794,391,416]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="m" value="275.0">275 m</quantity>
</elevation>
deep,
<collectingDate id="EFDDE99E4E7BD369FC8CFE77E2F5FE2C" box="[868,1002,391,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" value="1899-07-04">
<date id="FF9910764E7BD369FC8CFE77E2F5FE2C" box="[868,1002,391,416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" value="1899-07-04">4 July 1899</date>
</collectingDate>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D653D4E7BD369FF2FFE53E1F0FDA3" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF2FFE53E1F0FDA3" blockId="2.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FF2FFE53E05EFE49" bold="true" box="[199,321,428,453]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Epidermal ossicles are cone-shaped on aboral disc, cone and plate-shaped on the oral plates, and cone-shaped with terminal projections at the edges of the disc in the interradii; cone-shaped with relatively long terminal projections, at the lateral interradial disc; hooklet-bearing plates on basal portion of arms are completely in contact.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D653D4E7BD36DFF2FFDC3E0CCFD94" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF2FFDC3E5D5FDD9" blockId="2.[151,1437,356,2037]" box="[199,1226,572,597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FF2FFDC3E31EFDD9" bold="true" box="[199,513,572,597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
Redescription of
<typeStatus id="549C88144E7BD369FE7BFDC3E0E3FDD9" box="[403,508,572,597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Size is
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FDB0FDC3E3A3FDD8" box="[600,700,572,597]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="15.9">15.9 mm</quantity>
in disc diameter, at least
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FC30FDC3E538FDD8" box="[984,1063,572,596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
in arm length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF2FFD9FE0B0FC30" blockId="2.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FF2FFD9FE01DFDFB" box="[199,258,608,631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Disc.</emphasis>
Disc is five-lobed in shape with notched interradial edges (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FC75FDA0E2C3FDF4" box="[925,988,607,632]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A–B). On the aboral side, radial shields and their surrounds are tumid (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FE11FD7BE324FD10" box="[505,571,644,669]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). There are no conspicuous raised rows of hooklet-bearing plates and the hooklet-bearing plates are scattered on the periphery of each radial shield (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FC11FD58E524FD4C" box="[1017,1083,679,704]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E). Each hooklet-bearing plate possesses ten to twelve tubercle-shaped articulations for hooklets. Except for the hooklet-bearing plates, the aboral disc is covered by cone-shaped epidermal ossicles with one or two terminal projections which are approximately the same length of the height of the cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FC20FCEBE515FCA0" box="[968,1034,788,813]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
C–D). The cone-shaped epidermal ossicles are approximately 200–300 µm in length at the periphery of the disc (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FC11FCC8E527FCDC" box="[1017,1080,823,848]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E), and approximately 180–280 µm in length at the center of the disc (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FDD4FCA3E364FCF8" box="[572,635,860,885]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). Radial shields are completely concealed by epidermal ossicles, oval shape, approximately
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FE64FC80E0FEFC1B" box="[396,481,895,920]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
in length,
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in width distally and 1.0 mm in width proximally, and almost reach the disc center (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FEA0FC5BE098FC30" box="[328,391,932,957]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF2FFC38E336FAA8" blockId="2.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
The oral surface of the disc is covered both by flat, polygonal plate-shaped epidermal ossicles and by coneshaped epidermal ossicles with mostly one, or rarely two terminal projections similar to those on aboral disc (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FA87FC13E1BDFBA4" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G). The cone-shaped epidermal ossicles are scattered on the periphery of the disc and on the oral plates (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FAD0FBF0E46AFBA4" box="[1336,1397,1039,1064]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G– H). The plate-shaped epidermal ossicles are approximately 300–330 µm in length on the periphery of the disc, and approximately 180–270 µm in length on the oral plates (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FCDDFBA8E267FBFC" box="[821,888,1111,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G–H). The cone-shaped epidermal ossicles are approximately 300–330 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FDA4FB83E393FB18" box="[588,652,1148,1173]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
H). Oral shields, adoral shields, oral plates and ventral arm plates are completely concealed by epidermal ossicles (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FD7FFB60E3C8FB34" box="[663,727,1183,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B, G). Uniformly acute and spiniform teeth are situated on the jaws (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FF33FB3BE003FB50" box="[219,284,1220,1245]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G). The length of the teeth are different dependent on their location on each jaw. At the top of jaws, they are approximately
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FE77FB17E0FFFA8C" box="[415,480,1256,1280]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in length, and toward the basal part of the jaws, the teeth gradually decrease in length to approximately 350 µm (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FE2BFAF3E31DFAA8" box="[451,514,1292,1317]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
G).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF2FFAD0E070FA70" blockId="2.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
The lateral interradial surface of the disc is slightly inclined towards the oral side and covered only by coneshaped epidermal ossicles with mostly one or rarely two terminal projections which are approximately twice the length of the height of the cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FCB0FA88E2BEFA1C" box="[856,929,1399,1424]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). The cone-shaped epidermal ossicles are approximately 130–200 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FDA4FA63E38DFA38" box="[588,658,1436,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). Two genital slits (
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FC6EFA63E2C2FA38" box="[902,989,1436,1460]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FBA7FA63E5ABFA38" box="[1103,1204,1436,1461]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
wide) are present in each interradius (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FEB4FA40E081FA54" box="[348,414,1471,1496]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B). One circular madreporite is situated on the oral interradius, approximately
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FACEFA3FE461FA54" box="[1318,1406,1472,1496]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FEE0FA1BE053FA70" box="[264,332,1508,1533]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD369FF2FF9F7E0B6F9E4" blockId="2.[151,1437,356,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7BD369FF2FF9F7E015F993" box="[199,266,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Arms.</emphasis>
Arms are simple, five in number, have no abrupt change in thickness. The basal portion of the arm is
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FA91F9F7E1DCF9C8" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
wide and
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7BD369FED0F9D3E090F9C8" box="[312,399,1580,1604]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
high, with an arched aboral surface and flattened oral surface. Arms taper gradually toward the arm tip (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FEF7F9B0E07DF9E4" box="[287,354,1615,1640]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D–H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7BD36EFF2FF98BE0EDFC92" blockId="2.[151,1437,356,2037]" lastBlockId="5.[125,1869,715,861]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">
On the aboral and lateral surface, each arm segment is surrounded by single annual transverse row of hookletbearing plates (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FEAEF968E094F93C" box="[326,395,1687,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D). Those hooklet-bearing plates are completely in contact with each other along the entire arm length (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FEC8F943E07BF958" box="[288,356,1724,1749]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D, E, G). Except for the hooklet-bearing plates, the aboral and lateral surface of the basal arm is completely covered by cone-shaped and polygonal plate-shaped epidermal ossicles are approximately 210–280 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FEE6F8FBE04BF890" box="[270,340,1796,1821]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D). The oral surface is covered by cone-shaped and polygonal plate-shaped epidermal ossicles, similar to those on the oral disc, and approximately 170–210 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FC1BF8D8E527F8CC" box="[1011,1080,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). In the middle portion of the arm, the aboral and lateral surfaces are covered by cone-shaped epidermal ossicles, approximately 150–180 µm in length, and domed and round granule-shaped epidermal ossicles, approximately 130–150 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FADFF890E463F804" box="[1335,1404,1903,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E). The oral surface is also covered by relatively flat and round granule-shaped epidermal ossicles approximately 90– 110 µm in length. In the distal portion of the arm, the aboral and lateral surface is covered by flat and round granule-shaped epidermal ossicles approximately 60 µm in length (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7BD369FC6DF823E2D8F878" box="[901,967,2012,2037]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="545">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G). The oral surface is covered by flat and Epidermal ossicles Hooklet-bearing Disc
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF58663E4E7AD368FF7FF8AAE264F869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="546" targetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7AD368FF7FF8AAE264F869" blockId="3.[151,1436,1877,2021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7AD368FF7FF8AAE007F8E7" bold="true" box="[151,280,1877,1899]" pageId="3" pageNumber="546">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Holotype (ZMA E2044) of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7AD368FDA7F8A9E2ACF8E7" authority="Koehler, 1904" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1904" box="[591,947,1877,1899]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="546" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7AD368FDA7F8A9E20CF8E7" box="[591,787,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="546">Astrotoma bellator</emphasis>
Koehler, 1904
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7AD368FC3DF8A9E1C2F805" authority="Koehler, 1904" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1904" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Asteroporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="3" pageNumber="546" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator" subGenus="Astrohelix">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7AD368FC3DF8A9E54CF8E7" box="[981,1107,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="546">Asteroporpa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7AD368FB8EF8AAE5D2F8E7" box="[1126,1229,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="546">Astrohelix</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7AD368FB09F8AAE42EF8E7" box="[1249,1329,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="546">bellator</emphasis>
(Koehler, 1904))
</taxonomicName>
. A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF58663E4E7DD36FFF7FF8CAE489F84A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="547" targetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7DD36FFF7FF8CAE489F84A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1845,1990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="547">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7DD36FFF7FF8CAE007F8C7" bold="true" box="[151,280,1845,1867]" pageId="4" pageNumber="547">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Holotype (ZMA E2044) of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7DD36FFDA7F8C9E2ACF8C7" authority="Koehler, 1904" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1904" box="[591,947,1845,1867]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="4" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7DD36FFDA7F8C9E20CF8C7" box="[591,787,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="547">Astrotoma bellator</emphasis>
Koehler, 1904
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7DD36FFC3DF8C9E1C2F8E6" authority="Koehler, 1904" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1904" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Asteroporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="4" pageNumber="547" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator" subGenus="Astrohelix">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7DD36FFC3DF8C9E54CF8C7" box="[981,1107,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="547">Asteroporpa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7DD36FFB8EF8CAE5D2F8C7" box="[1126,1229,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="547">Astrohelix</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7DD36FFB09F8CAE42EF8C7" box="[1249,1329,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="547">bellator</emphasis>
(Koehler, 1904))
</taxonomicName>
. A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF58663E4E7CD36EFF95FD34E242FD6C" ID-Table-UUID="DF58663E4E7CD36EFF95FD34E242FD6C" box="[125,861,715,736]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF58663E4E7CD36EFF95FD34E242FD6C" pageId="5" pageNumber="548" targetBox="[138,1897,888,1485]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7CD36EFF95FD34E242FD6C" blockId="5.[125,1869,715,861]" box="[125,861,715,736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF95FD34E1FEFD6C" bold="true" box="[125,225,715,736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
A tabular characters key to the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7CD36EFD85FD34E247FD6C" authority="(Astrohelix)" baseAuthorityName="Astrohelix" box="[621,856,715,736]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Asteroporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFD85FD34E3FDFD6C" box="[621,738,715,736]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Asteroporpa</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFD18FD34E250FD6C" box="[752,847,715,736]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Astrohelix</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7CD36EFF1DFCDDE652FCBF" blockId="5.[125,1869,715,861]" box="[245,1869,802,819]" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Species plates at base of Locality References</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7CD36EFE57FCC8E4E5FCD1" blockId="5.[125,1869,715,861]" box="[447,1530,823,861]" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">diameter On aboral disc On oral plates At lateral interradial disc arms</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7CD36EFF7AFC72E64EFA41" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<table id="F927C4164E7C2C94FF62FC87E676FA41" box="[138,1897,888,1485]" gridcols="9" gridrows="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<tr id="351734F44E7C2C94FF62FC87E676FC3F" box="[138,1897,888,947]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FF62FC87E085FC3F" box="[138,410,888,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF7AFC72E1BBFC11" box="[146,164,909,925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF45FC72E1CEFC11" box="[173,209,909,925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Astr.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7CD36EFF32FC73E08EFC12" authority="Koehler, 1904" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1904" box="[218,401,908,926]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Asteroporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bellator">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF32FC73E00AFC11" box="[218,277,908,925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">bellator</emphasis>
(Koehler, 1904)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FE2CFC87E0E3FC3F" box="[452,508,888,947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">15.9</th>
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FDDBFC87E3D6FC3F" box="[563,713,888,947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped</th>
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FD14FC87E261FC3F" box="[764,894,888,947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped and plate-shaped</th>
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FC40FC87E500FC3F" box="[936,1055,888,947]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped</th>
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FBB0FC87E46CFC3F" box="[1112,1395,888,947]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">With terminal projections; 2.0 times as long as height of ossicles</th>
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FA54FC87E70CFC3F" box="[1468,1555,888,947]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Completely contact</th>
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94F9ABFC87E7D6FC3F" box="[1603,1737,888,947]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Philippine</th>
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94F937FC87E676FC3F" box="[1759,1897,888,947]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">The present study, DÖderlein, 1930</th>
</tr>
<tr id="351734F44E7C2C94FF62FC32E676FB84" box="[138,1897,973,1032]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FF62FC32E085FB84" box="[138,410,973,1032]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF70FC32E1B5FC51" box="[152,170,973,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF5CFC32E1C8FC51" box="[180,215,973,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Astr.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7CD36EFF08FC32E037FB84" authority="Mortensen, 1933" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1933" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Asteroporpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paucidens">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF08FC32E033FC52" box="[224,300,973,990]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">paucidens</emphasis>
(Mortensen, 1933)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FE2CFC32E0E3FB84" box="[452,508,973,1032]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">6.8</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FDDBFC32E3D6FB84" box="[563,713,973,1032]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped and plate-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FD14FC32E261FB84" box="[764,894,973,1032]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Plate-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FC40FC32E500FB84" box="[936,1055,973,1032]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FBB0FC32E46CFB84" box="[1112,1395,973,1032]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">With terminal projections; The same length as height of ossicles</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FA54FC32E70CFB84" box="[1468,1555,973,1032]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Separated</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F9ABFC32E7D6FB84" box="[1603,1737,973,1032]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Western Japan</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F937FC32E676FB84" box="[1759,1897,973,1032]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">The present study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734F44E7C2C94FF62FBDCE676FB04" box="[138,1897,1059,1160]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FF62FBDCE085FB04" box="[138,410,1059,1160]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF71FBB2E1B4FBD1" box="[153,171,1101,1117]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF5DFBB2E1C6FBD1" box="[181,217,1101,1117]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Astr.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7CD36EFF09FBB3E095FBD2" authority="Baker, 1980" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1980" box="[225,394,1100,1118]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulata">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF09FBB3E036FBD1" box="[225,297,1100,1117]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">reticulata</emphasis>
Baker, 1980
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FE2CFBDCE0E3FB04" box="[452,508,1059,1160]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">2.5-9.0</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FDDBFBDCE3D6FB04" box="[563,713,1059,1160]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Granule-shaped and plate-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FD14FBDCE261FB04" box="[764,894,1059,1160]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Granule-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FC40FBDCE500FB04" box="[936,1055,1059,1160]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Granule-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FBB0FBDCE46CFB04" box="[1112,1395,1059,1160]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">No terminal projections</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FA54FBDCE70CFB04" box="[1468,1555,1059,1160]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Separated</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F9ABFBDCE7D6FB04" box="[1603,1737,1059,1160]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Northwestern New Zealand</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F937FBDCE676FB04" box="[1759,1897,1059,1160]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
Baker, 1980, Pers. comm.T. D. O
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EF8FDFB88E600FB04" box="[1813,1823,1143,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">̓</emphasis>
Hara
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734F44E7C2C94FF62FB5CE676FA85" box="[138,1897,1187,1289]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FF62FB5CE085FA85" box="[138,410,1187,1289]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF4AFB32E1ABFB51" box="[162,180,1229,1245]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF56FB32E1FDFB51" box="[190,226,1229,1245]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Astr.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7CD36EFF02FB32E09FFB52" authority="Baker, 1980" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1980" box="[234,384,1229,1246]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF02FB32E03FFB52" box="[234,288,1229,1246]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">indicus</emphasis>
Baker, 1980
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FE2CFB5CE0E3FA85" box="[452,508,1187,1289]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">10.0</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FDDBFB5CE3D6FA85" box="[563,713,1187,1289]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Granule-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FD14FB5CE261FA85" box="[764,894,1187,1289]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Granule-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FC40FB5CE500FA85" box="[936,1055,1187,1289]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Granule-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FBB0FB5CE46CFA85" box="[1112,1395,1187,1289]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">No terminal projections</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FA54FB5CE70CFA85" box="[1468,1555,1187,1289]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Completely contact</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F9ABFB5CE7D6FA85" box="[1603,1737,1187,1289]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Western Australia</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F937FB5CE676FA85" box="[1759,1897,1187,1289]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
Baker, 1980, Pers. comm.T. D. O
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EF8FDFB08E600FA84" box="[1813,1823,1271,1288]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">̓</emphasis>
Hara
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734F44E7C2C94FF62FAD0E676FAE6" box="[138,1897,1327,1386]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FF62FAD0E085FAE6" box="[138,410,1327,1386]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF65FAD0E180FAB3" box="[141,159,1327,1343]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF40FAD0E1D3FAB3" box="[168,204,1327,1343]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Astr.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7CD36EFF3DFAD0E04DFAE6" authority="Okanishi &amp; Fujita, 2011" authorityName="Okanishi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2011" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="muricatopatella">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF3DFAD0E052FACC" box="[213,333,1327,1344]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">muricatopatella</emphasis>
Okanishi &amp; Fujita, 2011
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FE2CFAD0E0E3FAE6" box="[452,508,1327,1386]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">4.8, 9.1</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FDDBFAD0E3D6FAE6" box="[563,713,1327,1386]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FD14FAD0E261FAE6" box="[764,894,1327,1386]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Plate-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FC40FAD0E500FAE6" box="[936,1055,1327,1386]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FBB0FAD0E46CFAE6" box="[1112,1395,1327,1386]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">With terminal projections; 1/3–1/2 length of height of ossicles</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FA54FAD0E70CFAE6" box="[1468,1555,1327,1386]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Completely contact</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F9ABFAD0E7D6FAE6" box="[1603,1737,1327,1386]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Southwestern Japan</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F937FAD0E676FAE6" box="[1759,1897,1327,1386]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Okanishi &amp; Fujita, 2011</td>
</tr>
<tr id="351734F44E7C2C94FF62FA6DE676FA41" box="[138,1897,1426,1485]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<th id="76C65D884E7C2C94FF62FA6DE085FA41" box="[138,410,1426,1485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF62FA6DE183FA2E" box="[138,156,1426,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">A.</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF4DFA6DE1D6FA2E" box="[165,201,1426,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Astr.</emphasis>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C274D354E7CD36EFF3AFA6DE03BFA41" authority="Okanishi &amp; Fujita, 2011" authorityName="Okanishi &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2011" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Astrohelix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="5" pageNumber="548" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="koyoae">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7CD36EFF3AFA6DE018FA2F" box="[210,263,1426,1443]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">koyoae</emphasis>
Okanishi &amp; Fujita, 2011
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FE2CFA6DE0E3FA41" box="[452,508,1426,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">9.4</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FDDBFA6DE3D6FA41" box="[563,713,1426,1485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped and plate-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FD14FA6DE261FA41" box="[764,894,1426,1485]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped and plate-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FC40FA6DE500FA41" box="[936,1055,1426,1485]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Cone-shaped</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FBB0FA6DE46CFA41" box="[1112,1395,1426,1485]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">With terminal projections; 1.5 times as long as height of ossicles</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94FA54FA6DE70CFA41" box="[1468,1555,1426,1485]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Separated</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F9ABFA6DE7D6FA41" box="[1603,1737,1426,1485]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Southern Japan</td>
<td id="76C65D884E7C2C94F937FA6DE676FA41" box="[1759,1897,1426,1485]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="548">Okanishi &amp; Fujita, 2011</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7FD36DFF7FFF68E50EFF58" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">
round plate-shaped epidermal ossicles approximately 80 µm in length. Over the entire arm, lateral arm plates and ventral arm plates are completely concealed by epidermal ossicles (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7FD36DFC63FF43E2D1FF58" box="[907,974,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
E, H).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7FD36DFF2FFF20E2B3FE5C" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">
First tentacle pores have no arm spine; the second ones have five, the third ones have five or six, and from the fifth to the middle arm segments there are six arm spines (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7FD36DFCA6FEFBE289FE90" box="[846,918,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[226,1359,193,1854]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1360,193,1855]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, aboral disc; B, oral disc and basal portion of the arm; C, aboral central part of the disc; D, cone-shaped epidermal ossicles on aboral center part of the disc; E, aboral periphery of the disc; F, aboral basal portion of the arm; G, jaws; H, oral peripheral part of the disc. Arrow heads indicate hooklets (E), transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (F) and cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (G, H). Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; GS, genital slit." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306380/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">Figs 1</figureCitation>
B; 2C). The number of arm spines decrease gradually to a single spine toward the arm tip. Throughout the arm, all the arm spines are approximately half the length of the corresponding arm segment, and are covered by a thin integument (
<figureCitation id="131C2A334E7FD36DFBCFFEB3E574FEE8" box="[1063,1131,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[242,1343,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[242,1344,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (ZMA E 2044) of Astrotoma bellator Koehler, 1904 (= Asteroporpa (Astrohelix) bellator (Koehler, 1904 )). A, a madreporite; B, lateral interradius of the disc; C, oral view of basal portion of the arm; D, aboral view of basal portion of the arm; E, lateral view of middle portion of the arm; F, oral view of middle portion of the arm; G, aboral view of distal portion of the arm; H, lateral view of distal portion of the arm. Arrow heads indicate a madreporite (A), cone-shaped epidermal ossicles (B) and transverse rows of hooklet-bearing plates (D, E, G). Abbreviation: AS, arm spine; T, tentacles pore." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/306387/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C, F, H). Arm spines in the basal one-fourth of the arm are ovoid, carrying two or three terminal projections. In the middle portion, one-fourth to three-fourths of the arm, arm spines have three terminal projections. In the distal quarter of the arm, arm spines become hook-shaped. These hook-shaped spines have one inner tooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7FD36DFF2FFE23E0CCFD94" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7FD36DFF2FFE23E012FE78" box="[199,269,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">Color.</emphasis>
In ethanol specimen, body color is uniformly creamy brown. No living color information for original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B474E7FD36DFECAFE00E0D8FD94" author="Koehler" box="[290,455,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="549" refString="Koehler, R. (1904) Ophiures de l'Expedition du Siboga. Part I. Ophiures de Mer profonde. Siboga-Expeditie, 45 a, 1 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D653D4E7FD36DFF2FFDDBE5FAFDB1" box="[199,1253,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="549" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9836B64E7FD36DFF2FFDDBE5FAFDB1" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,573]" box="[199,1253,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">
<emphasis id="B953EAA44E7FD36DFF2FFDDBE046FDB1" bold="true" box="[199,345,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F33076264E7FD36DFE8FFDDBE0F5FDB1" box="[359,490,548,573]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">Philippines</collectingCountry>
: north off
<collectingRegion id="49E3F8544E7FD36DFDB5FDDBE38FFDB1" box="[605,656,548,573]" country="Philippines" name="Sulu" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">Sulu</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F33076264E7FD36DFD7FFDDBE3C1FDB1" box="[663,734,548,573]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">Island</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CDF9B534E7FD36DFD02FDDBE22EFDB0" box="[746,817,548,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="6" pageNumber="549" unit="m" value="275.0">275 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB64B474E7FD36DFCD7FDDBE2FBFDB0" author="Koehler" box="[831,996,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="549" refString="Koehler, R. (1904) Ophiures de l'Expedition du Siboga. Part I. Ophiures de Mer profonde. Siboga-Expeditie, 45 a, 1 - 176." type="book chapter" year="1904">Koehler, 1904</bibRefCitation>
), southern
<collectingCountry id="F33076264E7FD36DFBB7FDDBE5FEFDB1" box="[1119,1249,548,573]" name="Philippines" pageId="6" pageNumber="549">Philippines</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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