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<document id="A12E8F493A891B35773B368AAFE4A358" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090(2000)253&lt;0001:POTAMF&gt;2.0.CO;2" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12774941" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1721326054568" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="ZWEIFEL, RICHARD G." docDate="2000" docId="038E877BE936261EFD0EFA1E1D9CFC64" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000.B253.1-130.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2000 (253)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&amp;doi=10.1206%2F0003-0090(2000)253%3C0001%3APOTAMF%3E2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Liophryne rhododactyla Boulenger" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FFB7FF03E908265EFFE2FFDD1E6CFFD5" masterDocTitle="Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1721329581978" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A66CB243E8A9D145E9406B767A9E45B8">Partition Of The Australopapuan Microhylid Frog Genus Sphenophryne With Descriptions Of New Species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2DF298616B9B9F6FCEAEFC612583573F">ZWEIFEL, RICHARD G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F4FED33C14B2EB138965182ECDE693CA">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="D37F4C2CF01E4E4FA0E52F528E229A3F" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090(2000)253&lt;0001:POTAMF&gt;2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038E877BE936261EFD0EFA1E1D9CFC64" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E877BE936261EFD0EFA1E1D9CFC64" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E877BE936261EFD0EFA1E1D9CFC64" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="C33D65E6E9362660FD0EFA1E1AE7FA0F" box="[748,1163,1475,1498]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B98366DE9362660FD0EFA1E1AE7FA0F" blockId="62.[748,1163,1475,1498]" box="[748,1163,1475,1498]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D0D08101E9362660FD0EFA1E1AE7FA0F" box="[748,1163,1475,1498]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE9362660FD0EFA1E1AE7FA0F" ID-CoL="3V7CJ" authority="Boulenger" authorityName="Boulenger" box="[748,1163,1475,1498]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Liophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhododactyla">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE9362660FD0EFA1E1A64FA0F" box="[748,1032,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Liophryne rhododactyla</emphasis>
Boulenger
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D65E6E9362660FD51FA2E1ADFF958" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B98366DE9362660FD51FA2E1A30F9A6" blockId="62.[691,1220,1523,1678]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE9362660FD51FA2E1AA8F9DD" ID-CoL="3V7CJ" authority="Boulenger, 1897: 11" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1897" box="[691,1220,1523,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Liophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhododactyla">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE9362660FD51FA2E1DA8F9DD" box="[691,964,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Liophryne rhododactyla</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3C30E9362660FC37FA2E1AA8F9DD" box="[981,1220,1523,1544]" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="A. S. Anthony" country="Guinea-Bissau" county="New" location="Mount Victoria" municipality="Owen Stanley Range" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">Boulenger, 1897: 11</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(type locality, ‘‘
<location id="8EF860B6E9362660FC9BF9D31A4CF9F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E877BE936261EFD0EFA1E1D9CFC64:8EF860B6E9362660FC9BF9D31A4CF9F6" box="[889,1056,1550,1571]" country="Guinea-Bissau" county="New" municipality="Owen Stanley Range" name="Mount Victoria" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Mount Victoria</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCAC17E9362660FBCFF9D31D7FF9E8" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Owen Stanley Range</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62F94EE1E9362660FCCDF9F51D0DF9E8" box="[815,865,1576,1597]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">New</collectingCounty>
<collectingCountry id="F33076FDE9362660FC9AF9F51DAAF9E8" box="[888,966,1576,1597]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Guinea</collectingCountry>
’’;
<typeStatus id="549C88CFE9362660FC14F9F51A34F9E8" box="[1014,1112,1576,1597]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E9362660FB96F9F51D7AF98D" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">BMNH 1947.2</specimenCode>
.12.47–49, formerly 1896.10.31.28–30, collected by
<collectorName id="26D253BBE9362660FCB4F9831D9DF9A6" box="[854,1009,1630,1651]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">A. S. Anthony</collectorName>
in 1896).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98366DE9362660FD51F9A41ADFF958" blockId="62.[691,1220,1523,1678]" box="[691,1203,1656,1678]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE9362660FD51F9A41D8AF95B" box="[691,998,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE9362660FD51F9A41D8CF95B" ID-CoL="4YW9R" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[691,992,1657,1678]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Sphenophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhododactyla">Sphenophryne rhododactyla</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
Parker, 1934: 156.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D65E6E9362661FD32F9751F7CFD57" lastPageId="63" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B98366DE9362660FD32F9751AAFF96A" blockId="62.[691,1219,1704,1756]" box="[720,1219,1704,1727]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<typeStatus id="549C88CFE9362660FD32F9751D66F96B" box="[720,778,1704,1727]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">TYPE</typeStatus>
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: A quote from Zweifel
</paragraph>
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(1983: 4) is appropriate here: ‘‘The
<typeStatus id="549C88CFE9362660FB85F9181AF5F909" box="[1127,1177,1733,1756]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
locality given in the synonymy is taken from the title of Boulenger’s paper, which provides no other information. Wichmann (1912, p. 608) indicates that Anthony collected on Mt. Victoria between
<date id="FF9910ADE9372661FEADFE981C21FE89" box="[335,589,325,348]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" value="1896-04" valueMax="1896-06-31" valueMin="1896-04-00">April and June 1896</date>
, and as Anthony operated out of
<collectingRegion id="49E3F88FE9372661FE25FEBE1C07FEAF" box="[455,619,355,378]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="National Capital" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Port Moresby</collectingRegion>
, it is likely that collections were made on the western rather than the eastern side of the Owen Stanley Range in what is now the Central Province of
<collectingCountry id="F33076FDE9372661FED7FE051C77FE3A" box="[309,539,472,495]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
. The title of a paper by Rothschild and Hartert (1896) treating birds collected by Anthony on the same trip (Wichmann, 1912) includes the phrase ‘mostly at elevations of from
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.’ ’’
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D65E6E9372661FF76FD551DEDFED0" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B98366DE9372661FF76FD551C65FC9A" blockId="63.[119,649,208,1756]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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: The largest species of
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE9372661FDC0FD551EFEFD68" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Liophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE9372661FDC0FD551EFEFD68" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Liophryne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(adult SVL
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E9372661FECBFD781FC1FD69" box="[297,429,677,700]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="54.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="48.0">48–60 mm</quantity>
), comparable (and possibly identical) in size to
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE9372661FE30FD1E1C53FD0F" box="[466,575,707,730]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Liophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE9372661FE30FD1E1F8EFD0F" box="[466,482,707,730]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">L</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE9372661FE11FD1E1C53FD0F" box="[499,575,707,730]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs in that the male possesses vocal sac apparatus (slits and sac) and in the advertisement call—a single note rather than a series of rapidly repeated notes.
</paragraph>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E9372661FF76FC881F5EFCB9" baselines="870,871" box="[148,306,853,876]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Morphology" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">MORPHOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
: Head slightly narrower than the rather flat-sided body. Snout rounded to bluntly pointed seen from above, rounded and scarcely projecting in profile; nostrils lateral, barely visible from above, slightly clos- er to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis angular but not sharp, loreal region nearly vertical, slightly concave. Eyes moderately large, corneal outline visible from below, eyelid about 80% of interorbital span. Tympanum distinct, about 49% of orbit length, closer to eye than its own diameter. Relative lengths of fingers 4&gt; 3&gt; 2&gt; 1, first finger long, greater than half length of second; all fingers with terminally grooved discs, that of first least developed, others barely broader than penultimate phalanges; subarticular and metacarpal elevations rounded, moderately prominent. Toes unwebbed, relative lengths 4&gt; 3&gt; 5&gt; 2&gt; 1, all with terminally grooved discs broader than those of fingers, that of first toe smallest but slightly broader than penultimate phalanx; subarticular elevations rounded, moderately prominent, inner metatarsal elevation rounded, elongate. Skin smooth; indistinct convergent scapular folds sometimes present; a narrow postorbital fold passing across upper edge of tympanum, expanding into a broad, flat region behind tympanum, narrowing again above arm, continuing onto flank as a dorsolateral fold, usually disappearing anterior to groin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E9372661FC86FED11DA4FEF7" baselines="285,285" box="[868,968,268,291]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Pattern" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">PATTERN</smallCapsWord>
: The top of the head and body are moderate to pale brown, sometimes with small, obscure, irregular darker spots. The loreal region, especially near the canthus rostralis, and the area below the postorbital and dorsolateral folds are dark brown, excepting the tympanum, which has the same lighter shade as the dorsum. A thin, pale vertical line on the tip of the snout divides to pass along each canthus rostralis. In some individuals a fairly discrete line continues along the edge of the eyelid, following the postorbital-dorsolateral fold, but in others there is little or no trace of the line posterior to the nostrils. A few specimens have pale eyelids and a swath of the same light pigment between the dorsolateral folds and the remaining light brown of the dorsum. The arms and legs are darker, purplish brown with some light spotting on the arms. The rear of the thigh is unmarked and colored like the middorsal region. The ventral surfaces are brown with numerous small, light irregular spots. In many specimens the light spots are enlarged and coalesce to some extent so that the pale color dominates. The throat and chest are generally somewhat darker than the abdomen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98366DE9372661FD36FB8D1AC2FA7A" blockId="63.[695,1224,208,1756]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E9372661FC5BFB891D8BFBB3" baselines="1121" box="[953,999,1108,1126]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E9372661FC10FB8D1AE4FBB3" baselines="1121,1121" box="[1010,1160,1104,1127]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Proportions" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">PROPORTIONS</smallCapsWord>
: The two largest male specimens both measure
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SVL; the two largest females are 59.0 and
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E9372661FCCFFB771DF1FB14" box="[813,925,1194,1217]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9799999999999995" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="59.8">59.8 mm</quantity>
. Males evidently mature at about
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E9372661FCC3FB1A1DCBFB0B" box="[801,935,1223,1246]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="48.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="48.0">48–49 mm</quantity>
: three measuring
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lack vocal slits, whereas two measuring
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and four larger specimens have them. Females apparently mature at about the same size as males. A 48.4-mm individual is gravid, as are larger specimens. Body proportions are summarized in table 6, and regression statistics are presented in table 7.
</paragraph>
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: See Boulenger (1897: pl. 2), for illustrations of body form, inside of mouth, and tongue, and Green and Simon (1986) for SEM photographs of the finger discs. For all practical purposes, the illustration of
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE9372661FCF5F9901DE4F9B1" box="[791,904,1613,1636]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Liophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE9372661FCF5F9901DE4F9B1" box="[791,904,1613,1636]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">L. similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 31G) will suffice to illustrate the overall appearance. Terminal phalanx of third finger, fig. 71G; premaxilla, fig. 63F; hyoid, fig. 69C; sacral region, fig. 72F; vomer, fig. 65F; skull, fig. 68B; palatal fold, figs. 58, 59. Kuramoto and Allison (1989) illustrated the karyotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98366DE948261EFF72FED61C78FD69" blockId="64.[115,644,208,1756]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFF72FED61EA1FEF4" baselines="284,284" box="[144,205,267,290]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Call" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">CALL</smallCapsWord>
: Frogs of the presumably disjunct population in mountains southeast of Wau utter a loud, single-note call, being high-pitched for a frog of its size (fig. 77A). I have a recording made by Allen Allison on the Bulldog Road,
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFEC9FE401FE5FE61" box="[299,393,413,436]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
, about
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFE01FE401C5CFE61" box="[483,560,413,436]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
southeast of Wau,
<collectingRegion id="49E3F88FE948261EFEE9FE661FB5FE07" box="[267,473,443,466]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Morobe Province</collectingRegion>
, at about 2000 hours on
<date id="FF9910ADE948261EFF0FFE051FCBFE3A" box="[237,423,472,495]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1982-04-30">April 30, 1982</date>
, copy on AMNH Herpetology tape reel 244. Six calls (notes) average 0.235 sec long (0.22–0.26), with a mean interval between call initiations of 3.98 sec (3.5–5.1). The notes are unpulsed, with the dominant frequency beginning at about 1300 Hz, rising gradually to about 1700 Hz, and descending slightly to the end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98366DE948261EFF72FD1E1C31FC72" blockId="64.[115,644,208,1756]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFF72FD1E1F41FD0C" baselines="724,724" box="[144,301,707,730]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Comparisons" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">COMPARISONS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFED5FD1A1F03FD0C" baselines="724" box="[311,367,711,729]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="with" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">WITH</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFE9AFD1E1FA9FD0C" baselines="724,724" box="[376,453,707,730]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Other" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">OTHER</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFE2CFD1E1C49FD0C" baselines="724,724" box="[462,549,707,730]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Species" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">SPECIES</smallCapsWord>
: Adults of this large species can be confused only with the sibling
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE948261EFEA6FD231C7AFCC0" box="[324,534,766,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Liophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE948261EFEA6FD231C7AFCC0" box="[324,534,766,789]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Liophryne similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see the account of that species for comparisons). Juveniles of
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE948261EFF18FCE51FF9FC9A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[250,405,824,847]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Sphenophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhododactyla">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE948261EFF18FCE51FF9FC9A" box="[250,405,824,847]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">rhododactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be confused with the much smaller but similar sympatric species,
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE948261EFF3CFCAE1C7FFC5F" box="[222,531,883,906]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Austrochaperina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE948261EFF3CFCAE1C7FFC5F" box="[222,531,883,906]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Austrochaperina brevipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see the account of that species for comparisons).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98366DE948261EFF72FC701F47FB3F" blockId="64.[115,644,208,1756]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFF72FC701E9FFC11" baselines="958,959" box="[144,243,941,964]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Habitat" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">HABITAT</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFEE0FC6F1F5CFC11" baselines="959" box="[258,304,946,964]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFEDCFC701FFDFC11" baselines="958,959" box="[318,401,941,964]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Habits" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">HABITS</smallCapsWord>
: Almost nothing is published specifically referring to the habitat and habits of
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE948261EFEFBFC351FD8FC2A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[281,436,1000,1023]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Sphenophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhododactyla">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE948261EFEFBFC351FD8FC2A" box="[281,436,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">rhododactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Zweifel and Allison (1982: 9, Allison’s observations) referred to
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE948261EFF02FBFE1F17FBEF" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[224,379,1059,1082]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Sphenophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhododactyla">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE948261EFF02FBFE1F17FBEF" box="[224,379,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">rhododactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a terrestrial species ‘‘that roams the forest floor at night,’’ and Green and Simon (1986) characterized
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE948261EFDB3FB831E8AFB47" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Sphenophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhododactyla">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE948261EFDB3FB831E8AFB47" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">rhododactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as terrestrial. Archbold and Rand (1935) described the forest and terrain near the summit of Mt. Tafa, where
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE948261EFE0BFB6B1CE8FB18" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1897" box="[489,644,1206,1229]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Sphenophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhododactyla">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE948261EFE0BFB6B1CE8FB18" box="[489,644,1206,1229]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">rhododactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been taken.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D65E6E948261EFF72FB2D1A44FD53" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B98366DE948261EFF72FB2D1CB3FE95" blockId="64.[115,644,208,1756]" lastBlockId="64.[691,1220,208,945]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFF72FB2D1F47FAD3" baselines="1281,1281" box="[144,299,1264,1287]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
: Moderately high elevations south of Wau and in the Owen Stanley Mountains (fig. 34). Dr. Allison informed me that he has collected this species as low as
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFF91FAB81EBDFAA9" box="[115,209,1381,1404]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2200.0">2200 m</quantity>
on Bulldog Road (a World War II supply road, now in disuse, that crossed the divide southwest of Wau), and has heard it at the same elevation south-southeast of Wau. A specimen supposedly from the outskirts of Wau at
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFEDCFA251FF7F9DA" box="[318,411,1528,1551]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</quantity>
, far below the altitudinal limit otherwise known and in an area where much collecting has produced no other specimens of this species, is almost certainly mislabeled, as presumably is a hylid frog of higher elevations (
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE948261EFEBAF9561C79F977" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[344,533,1675,1698]" class="Amphibia" family="Pelodryadidae" genus="Litoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="angiana">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE948261EFEBAF9561C79F977" box="[344,533,1675,1698]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Litoria angiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) bearing the same locality data from the same collector. Undoubtedly the range in the Owen Stanley Mountains, suggested by the area above
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFD51FF331D7FFED0" box="[691,787,238,261]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
(fig. 34), is much more extensive than the known localities might seem to imply.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B98366DE948261EFD32FE9B1A44FD53" blockId="64.[691,1220,208,945]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3C30E948261EFD32FE9B1C91FE63" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Papua New Guinea" location="Mt. Victoria" municipality="Central Prov." pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFCA8FE9B1DDDFE88" baselines="343,344" box="[842,945,326,349]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Records" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">RECORDS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFC59FE961D85FE88" baselines="344" box="[955,1001,331,349]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFC11FE9B1A00FE88" baselines="343,344" box="[1011,1132,326,349]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Specimens" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">SPECIMENS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFB94FE9B1C8AFEAF" baselines="343,344,343,373" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Examined" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
:
<collectingCountry id="F33076FDE948261EFD17FEB91A74FEAE" box="[757,1048,356,379]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">PAPUA NEW GUINEA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCAC17E948261EFBC0FEB91AACFEAE" box="[1058,1216,356,379]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Central Prov.</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="8EF860B6E948261EFD51FE5F1D29FE4C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E877BE936261EFD0EFA1E1D9CFC64:8EF860B6E948261EFD51FE5F1D29FE4C" box="[691,837,386,409]" country="Papua New Guinea" municipality="Central Prov." name="Mt. Victoria" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Mt. Victoria</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFCB5FE5F1A61FE4C" box="[855,1037,386,409]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">BMNH 1947.2</specimenCode>
.12.47–49,
<typeStatus id="549C88CFE948261EFB73FE5F1C99FE63" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3C30E948261EFCF6FE421AEAFD9E" collectionCode="BMNH, BPBM, UPNG" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="2600" location="Mt. Tafa" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCode="BMNH 1935, BPBM 6264, 6265, 6325, 6326, 6344, 9641-9643, 9652-9654, 9662, 9793, UPNG 4119, 4886, 4887, 5329-5335" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="syntype">
<location id="8EF860B6E948261EFCF6FE421DE9FE63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E877BE936261EFD0EFA1E1D9CFC64:8EF860B6E948261EFCF6FE421DE9FE63" box="[788,901,415,438]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Mt. Tafa" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Morobe">Mt. Tafa</location>
,
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFC79FE421D92FE63" box="[923,1022,415,438]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2600.0">
<elevation id="000AD15EE948261EFC79FE421D92FE63" box="[923,1022,415,438]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFBF5FE421AACFE63" box="[1047,1216,415,438]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">BMNH 1935</specimenCode>
. 3.9.123).
<collectingRegion id="49E3F88FE948261EFCC5FE601DBCFE01" box="[807,976,445,468]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Morobe Prov.</collectingRegion>
: Bulldog Road,
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFB7AFE601C91FE24" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="km" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15– 17 km</quantity>
S, about
<locationDeviation id="9A2A2F4FE948261EFC8FFE071A67FE24" box="[877,1035,474,497]" location="Wau" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFC8FFE071DC4FE24" box="[877,936,474,497]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
W Wau
</locationDeviation>
, ca.
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFBDDFE071CA6FDDA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2550.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="2400.0">
<elevation id="000AD15EE948261EFBDDFE071CA6FDDA" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="2550.0" valueMax="2700.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400–2700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFD02FE251D12FDDA" box="[736,894,504,527]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">BPBM 6264</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFC70FE251DA3FDDA" box="[914,975,504,527]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">6265</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFC00FE251A73FDDA" box="[994,1055,504,527]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">6325</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFBD0FE251A03FDDA" box="[1074,1135,504,527]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">6326</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFB60FE251AD3FDDA" box="[1154,1215,504,527]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">6344</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFD51FDCB1D55FDF8" box="[691,825,534,557]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">9641–9643</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFCAAFDCB1DA2FDF8" box="[840,974,534,557]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">9652–9654</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFC3FFDCB1A76FDF8" box="[989,1050,534,557]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">9662</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFBCBFDCB1A0FFDF8" box="[1065,1123,534,557]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">9793</specimenCode>
(C&amp;S);
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFD51FDE91D27FD9E" box="[691,843,564,587]" collectionCode="UPNG" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">UPNG 4119</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFCB9FDE91DF4FD9E" box="[859,920,564,587]" collectionCode="UPNG" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">4886</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFC4AFDE91D89FD9E" box="[936,997,564,587]" collectionCode="UPNG" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">4887</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFC17FDE91A12FD9E" box="[1013,1150,564,587]" collectionCode="UPNG" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">5329–5335</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B4F3C30E948261EFB74FDE91A4FFD53" collectionCode="BPBM" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="1200" location="Wau" municipality="Kunai Creek" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" specimenCode="BPBM 5520" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morobe" typeStatus="syntype">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFCAC17E948261EFB74FDE91D47FDBC" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Kunai Creek</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EF860B6E948261EFCDEFD8F1D18FDBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038E877BE936261EFD0EFA1E1D9CFC64:8EF860B6E948261EFCDEFD8F1D18FDBC" box="[828,884,594,617]" country="Papua New Guinea" municipality="Kunai Creek" name="Wau" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" stateProvince="Morobe">Wau</location>
,
<quantity id="4CDF9B88E948261EFC67FD8F1D8EFDBC" box="[901,994,594,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="000AD15EE948261EFC67FD8F1D8EFDBC" box="[901,994,594,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<specimenCode id="DB819E16E948261EFC14FD8F1AFEFDBC" box="[1014,1170,594,617]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="Museum">BPBM 5520</specimenCode>
, locality questionable; see above)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33D65E6E948261EFD32FD501D9CFC64" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B98366DE948261EFD32FD501D9CFC64" blockId="64.[691,1220,208,945]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<smallCapsWord id="8D7EA0B1E948261EFD32FD501D51FD71" baselines="670,671" box="[720,829,653,676]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C274DEEE948261EFCAFFD531A04FD70" box="[845,1128,654,677]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Liophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhododactyla">
<emphasis id="B953EA7FE948261EFCAFFD531A04FD70" box="[845,1128,654,677]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Liophryne rhododactyla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had remained a little known species for the nearly 100 years since its initial description until the activities of collectors and researchers working out of the Wau Ecology Institute provid- ed a generous sample of specimens. The only specimen additional to those of the
<typeStatus id="549C88CFE948261EFB87FC9D1AFBFC82" box="[1125,1175,832,855]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">type</typeStatus>
series had been one collected by Evelyn Cheeseman on Mt. Tafa in the mid-1930s and reported by Parker (1936).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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