150 lines
18 KiB
XML
150 lines
18 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AF9FA4527BB29008CAFF910758406517">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="800B3FA55EC12CDFFB5AFD5C22997D17">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8B3AA99318194AF697808B5490A072EF">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F191427ED1AABCD7B6EC50F38EC2DEE2" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="83E76B69E7C6A28336C165208045C845">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C282729B58A28D4C4A4C63E5140FF043" type="email">phil.alderslade@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F2CB0E23F986CD4C942242F2A2540707">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="27E7A60A883AA1361D8B531CCC967EB9" type="email">ramvilas@kufos.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="97CFA03D43BF1AC50C01E5DD501AA556">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="69A543B78E2345B746807E53E61205EC">
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<mods:date id="A408496D1458F438D30743C4994533CD">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="22D298F4DA932214FB0CD1C33D4BD735">2023-02-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A243D61A55EEEAD7568730ABE24673AE">5236</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B008D126BCCDEB9A3819D2A09215B832" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B32FF88FF56FEE0FCE8FC2C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7639398" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291306" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639398" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B32FF88FF56FEE0FCE8FC2C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B32FF88FF56FEE0FCE8FC2C" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B32FF88FF56FEE0FCAAFEFC" box="[151,852,281,308]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B32FF88FF56FEE0FCAAFEFC" blockId="36.[151,852,281,308]" box="[151,852,281,308]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="D0D6B03B7B32FF88FF56FEE0FCAAFEFC" bold="true" box="[151,852,281,308]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B32FF88FF56FEE0FCAAFEFC" ID-CoL="8XPW" authority="Thomson & Henderson, 1905" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,852,281,308]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FF56FEE0FCAAFEFC" bold="true" box="[151,852,281,308]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FF56FEE0FE20FEFB" bold="true" box="[151,478,281,308]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthogorgia ceylonensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FE24FEE0FCAAFEFC" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[485,852,281,307]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B32FF88FF56FEAEFBC7FE7E" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B32FF88FF56FEAEFB62FEA0" blockId="36.[151,1180,343,367]" box="[151,1180,343,367]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B32FF88FF56FEAEFB62FEA0" box="[151,1180,343,367]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B32FF88FF56FEAEFCB8FEA0" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[151,838,343,367]" page="291" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" year="1905">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B32FF88FF56FEAEFCB8FEA0" ID-CoL="8XPW" authority="Thomson & Henderson, 1905: 290 - 291" authorityName="Thomson & Henderson" authorityPageNumber="290 - 291" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,838,343,367]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FF56FEAEFE54FEA0" box="[151,426,343,367]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthogorgia ceylonensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FE71FEAEFCB8FEA0" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[432,838,343,367]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson, 1905: 290–291</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 4, 5, fig. 6, 12 (Trincomalee).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B32FF88FF56FE6EFBC7FE7E" blockId="36.[151,1081,407,433]" box="[151,1081,407,433]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Opinion This species does occur in the region, but the generic identity is uncertain.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B32FF88FF56FE21FCE8FC2C" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B32FF88FF56FE21FED7FE3D" blockId="36.[151,1436,472,571]" box="[151,297,472,498]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Justification:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B32FF88FF06FE05FC1CFDF5" blockId="36.[151,1436,472,571]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FF06FE05FC66FDD9" box="[199,920,508,534]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">These Indian records seem to be either invalid or unconfirmable</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FC66FE05FB0FFDD9" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[935,1265,508,534]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="417 - 425" refId="ref108077" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1990) Discovery of a Deep water bed off Bombay and its qualitative appraisal. Proceedings First Workshop Scientific Result FORV Sagar Sampada, 1990, 417 - 425." type="journal article" year="1990">Thomas & George 1990: 421</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 1D, fig. 1f, 1–3 (off
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B32FF88FF38FDD9FEA3FDF5" box="[249,349,544,570]" name="India" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Bombay</collectingCountry>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FEAEFDD9FD45FDF5" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S." box="[367,699,544,571]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="158 - 165" refId="ref108215" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S. (1998) Deep water Gorgonids collected aboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 158 - 165." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Thomas
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FE11FDD8FDFCFDF5" box="[464,514,544,570]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
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. 1998: 163–164
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</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 1C, 1–3 (off Quilon).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9E07577B32FF88FF06FD9BFCE8FC2C" blockId="36.[151,1437,609,996]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FF06FD9BFE64FDB4" box="[199,410,609,635]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Literature analysis</emphasis>
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: This species was described from
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<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B32FF88FCD4FD98FC7CFDB4" box="[789,898,609,635]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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with just three sclerite figures—two crosses and a bow-shaped spindle. The
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<typeStatus id="549AB9F57B32FF88FE09FD7CFDD4FD50" box="[456,554,645,671]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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has never been redescribed so the species is essentially unrecognisable, but the text together with the shape of the colony and sclerites strongly suggest that it is not a species of
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FB11FD50FA81FD0C" box="[1232,1407,681,707]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B32FF88FB11FD50FA85FD0C" box="[1232,1403,681,707]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Acanthogorgia</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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In fact,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FF0FFD34FE64FD28" author="Stiasny, G." box="[206,410,717,743]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 93" refId="ref107324" refString="Stiasny, G. (1947) De Gorgonarien-Familie Acanthogorgiidae Kukenth. & Gorz. (Met bijzondere Inachtneming van het Materiaal der Siboga-Expeditie.) Verhandelingen, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Afdeling Natuurkunde, Tweede Sectie 43 (2), 1 - 93, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1947">Stiasny (1947: 31)</bibRefCitation>
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was of the opinion that the species was in the “
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B32FF88FC5BFD34FBDCFD28" box="[922,1058,717,743]" class="Anthozoa" family="Muriceidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Muriceidae</taxonomicName>
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”. Regardless of this,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FAC7FD34FF1AFCC4" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S." pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="158 - 165" refId="ref108215" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S. (1998) Deep water Gorgonids collected aboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 158 - 165." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Thomas
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FAA7FD37FA63FD28" box="[1382,1437,717,743]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al.</emphasis>
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(1998)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, when commenting on the polyps of their specimen, state they have “
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B32FF88FC27FD08FB73FCC4" box="[998,1165,753,779]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FC27FD08FB73FCC4" box="[998,1165,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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type spicules projecting out at the tip of calyces {which} may give a characteristic appearance to the calyces”, and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FBBFFCECFA62FCE0" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[1150,1436,789,815]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="417 - 425" refId="ref108077" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1990) Discovery of a Deep water bed off Bombay and its qualitative appraisal. Proceedings First Workshop Scientific Result FORV Sagar Sampada, 1990, 417 - 425." type="journal article" year="1990">Thomas & George (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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similarly state “the crown of spines is conspicuous … their presence gives a characteristic bristle-like appearance under magnification”, and both papers figure typical crown-spine sclerites. In contrast, the original description simply says “the spicules are arranged on the verrucae in 8 rows
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FCA7FC7BFC09FC54" box="[870,1015,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">en chevron.”</emphasis>
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It is impossible to know what species
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FF56FC5CFE7CFC70" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S." box="[151,386,933,960]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="158 - 165" refId="ref108215" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. & Manickam, P. E. S. (1998) Deep water Gorgonids collected aboard FORV Sagar Sampada from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 40, 158 - 165." type="journal article" year="1998">
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Thomas
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FF39FC5FFED7FC70" box="[248,297,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">et al</emphasis>
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. (1998)
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</bibRefCitation>
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or
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FE67FC5CFD39FC70" author="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M." box="[422,711,933,959]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="417 - 425" refId="ref108077" refString="Thomas, P. A. & George, R. M. (1990) Discovery of a Deep water bed off Bombay and its qualitative appraisal. Proceedings First Workshop Scientific Result FORV Sagar Sampada, 1990, 417 - 425." type="journal article" year="1990">Thomas & George (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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had before them, but it was in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B32FF88FB55FC5CFAC5FC70" box="[1172,1339,933,959]" class="Anthozoa" family="Acanthogorgiidae" genus="Acanthogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B955DB457B32FF88FB55FC5CFAC5FC70" box="[1172,1339,933,959]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Acanthogorgia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and was not the same as what
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B32FF88FE46FC30FD21FC2B" author="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D." box="[391,735,969,996]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" pagination="269 - 238" refId="ref108487" refString="Thomson, J. A. & Henderson, W. D. (1905) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Eds.), Report of the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3. Supplementary report. The Royal Society, London, pp. 269 - 238." type="book chapter" year="1905">Thomson & Henderson (1905)</bibRefCitation>
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had.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |