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<document id="E24423417E644F7174192599BB2402D1" ID-CLB-Dataset="54753" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5236.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64c50077-1b03-44c5-9af9-0dac9180d62d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7639327" ID-ZooBank="796FF9F5-E71F-4C69-92CC-CF4D6752BD77" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1675871645016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ramvilas, Ghosh, Alderslade, Philip &amp; Ranjeet, Kutty" docDate="2023" docId="0388B6417B22FF99FF56F990FB5CFE1E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5236.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5236 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echinogorgia macrospiculata Thomson &amp; Simpson 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FFB1CE397B16FFACFFC1FFF9FFFEFFCF" masterDocTitle="The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1699474889499" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CCC2BF672F0F32A83BF77731763F1914">The taxonomy of Indian gorgonians: an assessment of the descriptive records of gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) recorded as occurring in the territorial waters of India, along with neighbouring regions and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the highlighting of perceived unethical practice</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ADB0DE0452291641E275AE66CB600F42">Ramvilas, Ghosh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F824E6B6CBD99D24D19D3E9671B2014">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0730EBED8994524927BDAA15AEC5DFE4">Ranjeet, Kutty</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0388B6417B22FF99FF56F990FB5CFE1E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7641076" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209291211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7641076" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0388B6417B22FF99FF56F990FB5CFE1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0388B6417B22FF99FF56F990FB5CFE1E" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B22FF98FF56F990FCA9F94B" box="[151,855,1641,1668]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B22FF98FF56F990FCA9F94B" blockId="52.[151,855,1641,1668]" box="[151,855,1641,1668]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<heading id="D0D6B03B7B22FF98FF56F990FCA9F94B" bold="true" box="[151,855,1641,1668]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B22FF98FF56F990FCA9F94B" ID-CoL="38J53" authority="Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1909" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,855,1641,1668]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrospiculata">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B22FF98FF56F990FCA9F94B" bold="true" box="[151,855,1641,1668]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B22FF98FF56F990FE01F94B" bold="true" box="[151,511,1641,1668]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Echinogorgia macrospiculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B22FF98FDC4F993FCA9F94B" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[517,855,1641,1668]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B22FF98FF56F957FC37F8E2" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B22FF98FF56F957FABFF909" blockId="52.[151,1345,1710,1765]" box="[151,1345,1710,1734]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B22FF98FF56F957FABFF909" box="[151,1345,1710,1734]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B22FF98FF56F957FCB5F909" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[151,843,1710,1734]" page="220" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1909">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B22FF98FF56F957FCB5F909" ID-CoL="38J53" authority="Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1909: 219 - 220" authorityName="Thomson &amp; Simpson" authorityPageNumber="219 - 220" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,843,1710,1734]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrospiculata">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B22FF98FF56F957FE3BF909" box="[151,453,1710,1734]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Echinogorgia macrospiculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B22FF98FE0BF957FCB5F909" author="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J." box="[458,843,1710,1734]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref108792" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Simpson, J. J. (1909) An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. The Alcyonarians of the Littoral Area. The Indian Museum, Calcutta, 319 + xviii pp." type="book" year="1909">Thomson &amp; Simpson, 1909: 219–220</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 5, fig. 7, pl. 4, fig. 8; pl. 8, fig. 1 (Andamans)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B22FF98FF56F934FC76F92A" blockId="52.[151,1345,1710,1765]" box="[151,904,1741,1765]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3120797B22FF98FF56F934FC76F92A" box="[151,904,1741,1765]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
?
<treatmentCitation id="0A8021467B22FF98FF68F934FC7DF92A" author="Samimi-Namin, K. &amp; van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[169,899,1741,1765]" page="20" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="2009">
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B22FF98FF68F934FC7DF92A" ID-CoL="38J53" authority="Samimi-Namin &amp; van Ofwegen 2009: 20" authorityName="Samimi-Namin &amp; van Ofwegen" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="2009" box="[169,899,1741,1765]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrospiculata">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B22FF98FF68F934FE28F92A" box="[169,470,1741,1765]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Echinogorgia macrospiculata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B22FF98FE1DF934FC7DF92A" author="Samimi-Namin, K. &amp; van Ofwegen, L. P." box="[476,899,1741,1765]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref106331" refString="Samimi-Namin, K. &amp; van Ofwegen, L. P. (2009) Some shallow water octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of the Persian Gulf. Zootaxa, 2058 (1), 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2058.1.1" type="journal article" year="2009">Samimi-Namin &amp; van Ofwegen 2009: 20</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B22FF98FF56F8EAFC37F8E2" blockId="52.[151,969,1811,1838]" box="[151,969,1811,1838]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Opinion: This taxon occurs in the region but its true identity is unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33B54DC7B22FF99FF56F8A2FB5CFE1E" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B22FF98FF56F8A2FED7F8BA" blockId="52.[151,1437,1883,2017]" box="[151,297,1883,1909]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Justification:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B22FF98FF06F886FEF2F82E" blockId="52.[151,1437,1883,2017]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B22FF98FF06F886FC1AF856" box="[199,996,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">These Indian records are either unconfirmable or seem to be invalid:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B22FF98FC2CF886FAF7F856" author="Thomas, P. A. &amp; George, R. M. &amp; Lazarus, S." box="[1005,1289,1919,1946]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="134 - 142" refId="ref108160" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. &amp; Lazarus, S. (1995) Distribution of gorgonids in the northeast coast of India with particular reference to Heterogorgia flabellum (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 37, 134 - 142." type="journal article" year="1995">
Thomas
<emphasis id="B955DB457B22FF98FB90F879FB7AF856" box="[1105,1156,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. 1995: 139
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 2e, 1–4 (NE coast of
<collectingCountry id="F33647C77B22FF98FEEAF85AFE97F872" box="[299,361,1955,1981]" name="India" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">India</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B22FF98FEBCF85AFD82F871" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[381,636,1955,1982]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando 2011: 59–60</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 36, fig. 1–
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B22FF98FCDFF85AFCC7F872" box="[798,825,1955,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
(Pamban);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B22FF98FC7DF85AFB20F871" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[956,1246,1955,1982]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
Fernando
<emphasis id="B955DB457B22FF98FBEDF85DFBA0F872" box="[1068,1118,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. 2017: 125
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 57, fig. 1–
<quantity id="4CD9AAB27B22FF98FA40F85AFA62F872" box="[1409,1436,1955,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
(Pamban).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B23FF99FF06FF6EFB2CFED2" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B23FF99FF06FF6EFE63FF7E" box="[199,413,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Literature analysis</emphasis>
: Although
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B23FF99FDDEFF6EFD20FF7E" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[543,734,151,177]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 946" refId="ref103239" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1919) Gorgonaria. Wissensschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee - Expedition auf dem Dampfer &quot; Valdivia &quot;, 1898 - 1899, 13, 1 - 946." type="journal article" year="1919">Kükenthal (1919</bibRefCitation>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B23FF99FCC6FF6EFCBEFF7E" author="Kukenthal, W." box="[775,832,151,177]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref103272" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich. Vol. 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, xxviii + 478 pp." type="book" year="1924">1924</bibRefCitation>
) treated this species as an
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B23FF99FBB6FF6EFAEEFF7E" box="[1143,1296,151,177]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B23FF99FBB6FF6EFAEEFF7E" box="[1143,1296,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Echinogorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the original description is not adequate enough to be certain of this diagnosis. Samimi-Namin &amp; van Of wegen (2009) commented that the material needed to be redescribed before any specimens were assigned to this species. Consequently, any subsequent records of its occurrence have to have been based on assumptions and are unreliable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9E07577B23FF99FF06FEDEFB5CFE1E" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B23FF99FF06FEDEFE48FE8E" author="Thomas, P. A. &amp; George, R. M. &amp; Lazarus, S." box="[199,438,294,321]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="134 - 142" refId="ref108160" refString="Thomas, P. A., George, R. M. &amp; Lazarus, S. (1995) Distribution of gorgonids in the northeast coast of India with particular reference to Heterogorgia flabellum (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 37, 134 - 142." type="journal article" year="1995">
Thomas
<emphasis id="B955DB457B23FF99FEEBFEDEFEA3FE8E" box="[298,349,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
. (1995)
</bibRefCitation>
described the species as having broad plates, some unilaterally spined, but their simple outline drawings and colony description places their material in
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B23FF99FCABFEB2FBF8FEAA" box="[874,1030,331,357]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Paraplexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B23FF99FCABFEB2FBF8FEAA" box="[874,1030,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Paraplexaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The accounts of Indian material by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B23FF99FF56FE96FEADFE46" author="Fernando, S. A." box="[151,339,367,393]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref100707" refString="Fernando, S. A. (2011) Monograph on Gorgonids (Sea fans) of India. Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Parangipettai, 145 pp." type="book" year="2011">Fernando (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB07AA67B23FF99FE4CFE96FD72FE46" author="Fernando, S. &amp; Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C." box="[397,652,367,393]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" refId="ref100744" refString="Fernando, S. A, Venkataraman, K. &amp; Raghunathan, C. (2017) Gorgonians of Indian sea. Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, 330 pp. Available from: https: // www. nhbs. com / (accessed 21 March 2022)" type="book" year="2017">
Fernando
<emphasis id="B955DB457B23FF99FE3EFE96FDCCFE46" box="[511,562,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">et al</emphasis>
. (2017)
</bibRefCitation>
are identical, but the shape of the figured colony combined with the images of massive sclerites with long, sharp thorns, indicate their material also belongs in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B23FF99FB3BFE6AFA68FE62" box="[1274,1430,403,429]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Paraplexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B23FF99FB3BFE6AFA68FE62" box="[1274,1430,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Paraplexaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with obvious similarities to their
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B23FF99FDCBFE4EFCC7FE1E" authorityName="Fernando" authorityYear="2011" box="[522,825,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Echinogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B23FF99FDCBFE4EFCC7FE1E" box="[522,825,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Echinogorgia longispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C217CD47B23FF99FCA1FE4EFB6CFE1E" baseAuthorityName="Fernando" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[864,1170,439,465]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Paraplexaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="longispinosa">
<emphasis id="B955DB457B23FF99FCA1FE4EFB6CFE1E" box="[864,1170,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Paraplexaura longispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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