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<document id="43954AAEEA3DEDEB580E6A55082F835C" ID-CLB-Dataset="54168" ID-DOI="10.6620/ZS.2021.60-59" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0b2f498a-5834-4690-8d2d-ccaf5e5bf916" ID-PMC="PMC9121273" ID-PubMed="35665087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8070606" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1687183766702" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Okanishi, Masanori, Matsuo, Takumi &amp; Fujita, Toshihiko" docDate="2021" docId="038840681A5BEE7B7802FB70FC00D707" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolStud.60.59.1-13.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Studies 60 (59)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F.1:ZoolStud.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E2601EF9E8BBDC4537EE724C10FF512F" docStyleName="ZoolStud.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Ophiomonas shinseimaruae Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFB138101A59EE7C7903FFACFFBCD451" masterDocTitle="A New Species of the Genus Ophiomonas Djakonov (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Amphilepididae) from the Deep-Sea of Japan" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1687442684131" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A9C602939CC5F44DFE4BBB91BEA68732" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="94D27C2C0D78A7822D2CACC38EB48F94">
<mods:title id="3F3102DF6D61EA092B14872E61EF989C">A New Species of the Genus Ophiomonas Djakonov (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Amphilepididae) from the Deep-Sea of Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="12CCEDBE182D59F4C82900FEFCAE5DC7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="115648662441AFEC9AC398BDD1FE794D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="520AE29A77724B5D7C7BA40654439D3D">Okanishi, Masanori</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="506BA7CB4888F1AD04232784BB1E5C65" type="personal">
<mods:role id="91E440592ECEF981420631147AB13B0A">
<mods:roleTerm id="1190028E37D13A000FDAF721B9EEB259">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="79168E4455DAF0FA91FC25F73365C9C1">Matsuo, Takumi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="8AF99716FD5B06BA2AE153D85E259A6B" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EB000373ED2AFABF047FBAAA76B441AD">
<mods:roleTerm id="B17861CFF7A531D25798A54C3E65C89A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3E6BB8C08532333CE50FF5CA0D7B6FF6">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9224E1DC72A9A00CA9D2C91522F9A13C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="087AF28FE09754ABB1F183EAF3067E85" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="B4D4B144827B323C13E2840D9332AC6A">
<mods:title id="C4DEB898FF59827B892248164A257A3F">Zoological Studies</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="4050B584FF49C618CDA51F51B667FE41">
<mods:date id="3452209293E602CDEBC25A92F65D148C">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="D94EEDA6C3BC539EDE9885F2B99E70F8" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="8A51F0E623159308810F6AC62A411D36">2021-10-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C31E80454FFD4480C1DAB95F7BEF719C">60</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9982FFF829D8DF91EBBFAA8CFAE5419F" type="issue">
<mods:number id="BB05F73E14B60E29B58A1FA950AF5E3B">59</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DFE158C0E8FD806F2998D914B0B5AF88">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="95EDF69517B8480F0C9803F7D40EEF1A">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="42A3B187D6923CC4244762DC5F20F3EB" type="CLB-Dataset">54168</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A8D436D2C4646D11D5C10E81F9A88A35" type="DOI">10.6620/ZS.2021.60-59</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="31B512CD62DBCD21F468FA0698E460A7" type="GBIF-Dataset">0b2f498a-5834-4690-8d2d-ccaf5e5bf916</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6203CF3261647AD221FB84DE5983DE9B" type="PMC">PMC9121273</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3230388EF4848CAB4B7039D323CA952F" type="PubMed">35665087</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1D42DB709831FE1FEF73F59243066AB9" type="Zenodo-Dep">8070606</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038840681A5BEE7B7802FB70FC00D707" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8055929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8055929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038840681A5BEE7B7802FB70FC00D707" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038840681A5BEE7B7802FB70FC00D707" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="C33BA2F51A5BEE7E7802FB70FD08D0A4" box="[257,692,1244,1270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE7E7802FB70FD08D0A4" blockId="2.[204,745,1244,1354]" box="[257,692,1244,1270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0D646121A5BEE7E7802FB70FD08D0A4" bold="true" box="[257,692,1244,1270]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5BEE7E7802FB70FD08D0A4" bold="true" box="[257,692,1244,1270]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C218AFD1A5BEE7E7802FB70FDDBD0A4" ID-CoL="8TYVR" authority="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita, 2021" authorityName="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[257,615,1244,1270]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphilepididae" genus="Ophiomonas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shinseimaruae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5BEE7E7802FB70FDDBD0A4" bold="true" box="[257,615,1244,1270]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Ophiomonas shinseimaruae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26690171A5BEE7E7B6DFB70FD08D0A4" box="[622,692,1244,1269]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33BA2F51A5BEE7B78A3FB51FC00D707" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE7E78A3FB51FD97D11B" blockId="2.[204,745,1244,1354]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
(
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E78ABFB51FDB1D144" box="[424,525,1277,1301]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStart-5="Fig" captionStart-6="Fig" captionStartId-0="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionStartId-1="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionStartId-2="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionStartId-3="6.[174,205,1869,1888]" captionStartId-4="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionStartId-5="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionStartId-6="10.[174,205,1926,1945]" captionTargetBox-0="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetBox-2="[212,1338,249,1841]" captionTargetBox-3="[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetBox-4="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetBox-5="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetBox-6="[174,1451,828,1897]" captionTargetId-0="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetId-1="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetId-2="figure-83@5.[775,1331,779,1168]" captionTargetId-3="figure-80@6.[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetId-4="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId-5="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetId-6="graphics-280@10.[148,1477,827,1897]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." captionText-3="Fig. 5. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on middle (A–D) and distal portion (E, F) of arms, proximal (A, F), dorsal (B), ventral (C), lateral (D), distal (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. (F) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: FB, foot basin; DF, dorsal muscle fossae; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." captionText-4="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." captionText-5="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." captionText-6="Fig. 8. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (A paratype, NSMT E-13550). (A, B) SEM photographs of dental plate, external (A) and internal (B) views. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; v, ventral. Dashed circles indicate septum. Abbreviations: TS, tooth socket. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070618" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070626" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8070618/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/8070626/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2–8</figureCitation>
)
<uri id="FFB0FD7C1A5BEE7E79CFFAB4FD97D11B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FF87CBAB1A5BEE7E78BAFAB4FD97D11B" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">B45A2DF2-0C3E-450F-B838- 9059C21E7DB1</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE7E79E9FADCFE5CD259" blockId="2.[174,775,1392,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5BEE7E79E9FADCFE7CD1D9" box="[234,448,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="3B49FB231A5BEE7E78D1FADCFE5CD259" collectingDate="2020-08-19" collectionCode="NSMT" country="Japan" elevation="3.160" latitude="41.261" location="Cape Erimo" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="144.132" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hokkaido" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5BEE7E78D1FADCFD81D1D9" box="[466,573,1392,1416]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="ED3069BB1A5BEE7E7B48FADCFD2AD1D9" box="[587,662,1392,1416]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">NSMT</collectionCode>
E-13546, southeast of
<location id="8EFEA7A51A5BEE7E7836FA3CFE04D1F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038840681A5BEE7B7802FB70FC00D707:8EFEA7A51A5BEE7E7836FA3CFE04D1F9" box="[309,440,1424,1448]" country="Japan" latitude="41.261" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="144.132" name="Cape Erimo" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Hokkaido">Cape Erimo</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E53F9C1A5BEE7E78C0FA3CFD93D1F9" box="[451,559,1424,1448]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F336B1EE1A5BEE7E7B39FA3DFDCBD1F9" box="[570,631,1425,1448]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE1597B91A5BEE7E7B85FA3CFCBFD1F9" box="[646,771,1424,1448]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="17.69" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="9" value="41.294834">41°17.69'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1597B91A5BEE7E79ADFA1CFE8ED199" box="[174,306,1456,1480]" degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="08.01" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="9" value="144.1335">144°08.01'E</geoCoordinate>
–41°15.66'N, 144°07.92'E),
<elevation id="000C164D1A5BEE7E7B67FA1CFCBBD199" box="[612,775,1456,1480]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1595" metricValueMax="3.176" metricValueMin="3.143" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="3159.5" valueMax="3176.0" valueMin="3143.0">
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7B67FA1CFCBBD199" box="[612,775,1456,1480]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1595" metricValueMax="3.176" metricValueMin="3.143" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="3159.5" valueMax="3176.0" valueMin="3143.0">3,143–3,176 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E79FFFA7CFE82D1B9" box="[252,318,1488,1512]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[136,167,1952,1971]" captionTargetId="graphics-249@1.[408,1172,924,1887]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Sampling locality (solid black circle) of examined specimens. © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070608/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
),
<date id="FF9FD7BE1A5BEE7E785AFA7CFDB2D1B9" box="[345,526,1488,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2020-08-19">
<collectingDate id="EFDB2E561A5BEE7E785AFA7CFDB2D1B9" box="[345,526,1488,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2020-08-19">19 August 2020</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED3069BB1A5BEE7E7B1FFA7CFD92D1B9" box="[540,558,1488,1512]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">R</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="ED3069BB1A5BEE7E7B36FA7CFDF4D1B9" box="[565,584,1488,1512]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
Shinsei-Maru of JAMSTEC, 3 m beam trawl.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE7E79E9F9BDFD31D239" blockId="2.[174,775,1392,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5BEE7E79E9F9BDFEDCD279" box="[234,352,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5BEE7E79E9F9BDFEDCD279" box="[234,352,1553,1576]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
: NSMT E-13547, NSMT E-13548, NSMT E-13549, and NSMT E-13550 (each
<specimenCount id="9D273AF71A5BEE7E7BDFF99DFEABD239" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
), the same locality as the
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5BEE7E7B2BF9FCFD35D239" box="[552,649,1616,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE7E79E9F9DCFDAFD2F9" blockId="2.[174,775,1392,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5BEE7E79E9F9DCFEE2D2D9" box="[234,350,1648,1672]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology</emphasis>
: The specific name was derived from R/V Shinsei-Maru of JAMSTEC.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE7E79E9F91DFD90D3D9" blockId="2.[174,775,1392,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5BEE7E79E9F91DFEE5D299" box="[234,345,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Radial shields elongate semi-circular and separated; oral shields triangular; tentacle scales at the second tentacle pore flat and broad, two in number; dorsal arm plates octagonal, three times wider than long on proximal portion of arm; arm spines three in number on proximal portion of arm; arm spines on the middle to distal portion of arm acute, spinose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE7E79E9F83DFCC2D0A7" blockId="2.[174,775,1392,1960]" lastBlockId="2.[850,1452,253,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5BEE7E79E9F83DFBBDD544" box="[234,1025,253,1960]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Description of external morphology (
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5BEE7E7B9EF83CFCBED3F9" box="[669,770,1936,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">holotype</typeStatus>
, NSMT E-13546)
</emphasis>
: Disc circular, 9.0 mm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C83FF51FC25D567" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Dorsal disc completely covered by a circular central primary plate of
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7D7EFE92FB5AD504" box="[1149,1254,318,342]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.80 mm</quantity>
in length, other primary plates approximately
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7D9FFEF1FA87D524" box="[1180,1339,349,373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.525" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.525" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.25">1.25–1.80 mm</quantity>
in length, and semi-circular, smooth with imbricating disc scales, approximately
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7AFEFE31FB23D5E4" box="[1021,1183,413,437]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.25" metricValueMax="12.5" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.925" valueMax="1.25" valueMin="0.6">0.60–1.25 mm</quantity>
in length (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C23FE31FA22D5E7" box="[1312,1438,413,438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2C, D</figureCitation>
). Radial shields elongate semi-circular in shape, entirely separated from each other, approximately three times longer than wide; the length approximately half disc radius (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7AA6FDB1FBA0D667" box="[933,1052,541,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2C, E</figureCitation>
). Interradial ventral disc covered by imbricating scales, similar to those on dorsal surface in shape but smaller, approximately
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7DEFFDF2FA31D624" box="[1260,1421,606,630]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.24" valueMax="0.28" valueMin="0.2">0.20–0.28 mm</quantity>
in length (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7AAAFDD1FB9ED6C7" box="[937,1058,637,662]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2F, G</figureCitation>
). Genital slits elongate, from edge of oral shield to lateral edge of disc, approximately
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7A51FD11FC0BD684" box="[850,951,701,725]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
in width and
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7D5FFD12FB7CD684" box="[1116,1216,702,726]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.20 mm</quantity>
in length (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C41FD11FA22D687" box="[1346,1438,701,726]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
). Oral shields triangular, slightly rounded on distal-lateral side, approximately
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7D2FFD52FBD5D744" box="[1068,1129,766,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in length and width (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C4DFD51FA23D747" box="[1358,1439,765,790]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). One smaller, hexagonal oral shield with small pores, suggesting it serves as a madreporite (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7DFAFC91FAF1D707" box="[1273,1357,829,854]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Adoral shields triangular, approximately 3 times wider than long (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7A95FCD1FC52D7C7" box="[918,1006,893,918]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Oral plates polygonal, approximately as wide as long, in contact to each other (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C47FC31FA22D7E7" box="[1348,1438,925,950]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Teeth four and wide, forming a vertical row on dental plate; the ventral top tooth triangular, secondary one trapezoid, and more dorsal ones flat and square (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C7CFC51FCCFD067" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). A pair of infradental papillae on the ventralmost position of the dental plate (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7D8AFB91FB61D007" box="[1161,1245,1085,1110]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). One buccal scale situated at ventral edge of each oral plate approximately 2.5 times wider than long (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7D73FBD1FB7DD0C7" box="[1136,1217,1149,1174]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Second oral tentacle pores opening on ventral edge of adoral shield with accompanying two flat and broad adoral spines (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C7DFB11FCCED0A7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE7E7A8CFB52FA3CD347" blockId="2.[850,1452,253,1974]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Arms five, up to
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7D57FB52FB1FD144" box="[1108,1187,1278,1302]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
in length (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C22FB51FA22D147" box="[1313,1438,1277,1302]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Proximally
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7AD8FAB1FB8ED164" box="[987,1074,1309,1333]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
in width and
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5BEE7E7DD8FAB2FA8ED164" box="[1243,1330,1310,1334]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
in height, rectangular in cross section. Arms tapering gradually toward the tip (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7AFDFAF1FBCBD127" box="[1022,1143,1373,1398]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Dorsal arm plates slightly separated from one another along the full distance of the arm. On proximal portion of arm, dorsal arm plates quadrangular, three times wider than long (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C40FA11FA22D187" box="[1347,1438,1469,1494]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
). Dorsal arm plates change midway to a more octagonal shape, twice as wide as long (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7DD3FA51FA95D247" box="[1232,1321,1533,1558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
). Distally, dorsal plates become fan-shaped, as wide as long and gradually decreasing in size towards arm tip (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C44F991FA23D207" box="[1351,1439,1597,1622]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionTargetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Proximally, ventral arm plates are pentagonal, 1.5 times wider than long and in direct contact (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7DE8F9D1FA82D2C7" box="[1259,1342,1661,1686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionTargetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Midway along the arm length, the ventral plates remain in direct contact but are slightly longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C42F911FA22D287" box="[1345,1438,1725,1750]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionTargetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Distally, these plates become approximately twice as long as wide but separate from each other (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7C1DF951FAC8D347" box="[1310,1396,1789,1814]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionTargetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE787A8CF8B2FDB0D667" blockId="2.[850,1452,253,1974]" lastBlockId="4.[174,775,253,886]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Arm spines cylindrical, decreasing overall from three proximally to two distally. On the proximal arm region the ventralmost spine longest, with the remaining two spines in series slightly shorter in length than the ventralmost spine (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5BEE7E7D61F831FB02D3E7" box="[1122,1214,1949,1974]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionTargetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). Midway along the arm, the three spines all conical, acutely pointed, and approximately the same length as corresponding arm segment (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE78781DFE91FEC7D507" box="[286,379,317,342]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-122@3.[201,777,683,1067]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787888FE92FE13D507" box="[395,431,318,342]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionTargetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3C</figureCitation>
). On the distal portion of the arm, arm spines remain conical and pointed but are half as long as corresponding arm segments as the spine number decreases to two towards arm tip (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787B68FE31FD47D5E7" box="[619,763,413,438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionTargetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3A, D, F</figureCitation>
). Tentacle scales two, on proximal and middle portion of the arm, both scales flat and broad at each tentacle pore (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE7879B5FE51FE90D647" box="[182,300,509,534]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionTargetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
). Tentacle scales decreasing in size distally, absent towards arm tip (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE7878ACFDB1FDBCD667" box="[431,512,541,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" captionTargetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-428@4.[555,1451,1323,1869]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<footnote id="E83AED701A5BEE7E7D9FF849FA17D3A6" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5BEE7E7D9FF849FA17D3A6" blockId="2.[1180,1451,2020,2039]" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">© 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="DF5EA1F61A5AEE7F798BF89EFBA0D3E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8070610" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070610/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[136,167,1842,1861]" targetBox="[200,1352,252,1815]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5AEE7F798BF89EFBA0D3E4" blockId="3.[136,1414,1842,1973]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5AEE7F798BF89EFF7DD314" bold="true" box="[136,193,1842,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C218AFD1A5AEE7F79CDF89EFE01D314" authority="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita, 2021" authorityName="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[206,445,1842,1861]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphilepididae" genus="Ophiomonas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shinseimaruae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5AEE7F79CDF89EFE01D314" box="[206,445,1842,1861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ophiomonas shinseimaruae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26690171A5AEE7F78C7F89EFE48D314" box="[452,500,1842,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal whole body, alive; (B) ventral whole body, alive; (C) dorsal disc and proximal portion of arms; (D) central dorsal disc; (E) peripheral dorsal disc; (F) ventral disc; (G) ventral interradial disc; (H) dorsal proximal portion of arm; (I) dorsal middle portion of arm. Abbreviations: AdSh, adoral shield; AdShSp, adoral shield spine; AS, arm spine; BSc, buccal scale; CPP, central primary plate; DAP, dorsal arm plate; GS, genital slit; IPa, infradental papilla; LAP, lateral arm plate; OP, oral plate; OSh, oral shield; PP, primary plate; RS, radial shield; T, tooth; TS, tentacle scale. VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E83AED701A5AEE7F798BF849FE24D3A6" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5AEE7F798BF849FE24D3A6" blockId="3.[136,408,2020,2039]" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">© 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5DEE7879E9FD92FC3FD624" blockId="4.[174,775,253,886]" lastBlockId="4.[850,1452,253,885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5DEE7879E9FD92FD41D627" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Description of ossicle morphology (
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5DEE787B99FD91FCBDD604" box="[666,769,573,597]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">holotype</typeStatus>
, NSMT E-13546 and a
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5DEE7878C3FDF2FD90D624" box="[448,556,606,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">paratype</typeStatus>
, NSMT E-13550)
</emphasis>
: Vertebrae with zygospondylous articulations (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787BA2FDD1FF5DD6E4" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[775,1331,779,1168]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 4A, B, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE7879EDFD31FEE9D6E7" box="[238,341,669,694]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1869,1888]" captionTargetBox="[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on middle (A–D) and distal portion (E, F) of arms, proximal (A, F), dorsal (B), ventral (C), lateral (D), distal (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. (F) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: FB, foot basin; DF, dorsal muscle fossae; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070618/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5A, E, F</figureCitation>
). On proximal portion of arm, muscle fossae on dorsal sides slightly larger than those on ventral sides on both proximal and distal sides (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787BAEFD71FF7ED747" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[775,1331,779,1168]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
), becoming clearly wider on dorsal ones than ventral ones on middle to distal portion of arms (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787B7BFCB1FD6ED767" box="[632,722,797,822]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[775,1331,779,1168]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 4F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787BE3FCB1FF63D707" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1869,1888]" captionTargetBox="[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on middle (A–D) and distal portion (E, F) of arms, proximal (A, F), dorsal (B), ventral (C), lateral (D), distal (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. (F) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: FB, foot basin; DF, dorsal muscle fossae; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070618/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5A, E, F</figureCitation>
). On proximal and middle portion of arms, groove T-shaped on dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE7878D6FCF1FD87D727" box="[469,571,861,886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[775,1331,779,1168]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 4C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787B49FCF1FDD7D724" box="[586,619,861,885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1869,1888]" captionTargetBox="[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on middle (A–D) and distal portion (E, F) of arms, proximal (A, F), dorsal (B), ventral (C), lateral (D), distal (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. (F) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: FB, foot basin; DF, dorsal muscle fossae; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070618/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5B</figureCitation>
) and straight furrow, in which the radial water vascular canal and radial nerve are place, on ventral side (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787DEEFEB1FAF0D567" box="[1261,1356,285,310]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[775,1331,779,1168]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787C55FEB1FAC4D564" box="[1366,1400,285,309]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1869,1888]" captionTargetBox="[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on middle (A–D) and distal portion (E, F) of arms, proximal (A, F), dorsal (B), ventral (C), lateral (D), distal (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. (F) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: FB, foot basin; DF, dorsal muscle fossae; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070618/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5C</figureCitation>
). On distal portion of arms, dorsal groove becoming straight on dorsal side (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787AF7FEF1FBF4D524" box="[1012,1096,349,373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
) similar to ventral side (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787C48FEF1FA22D524" box="[1355,1438,349,373]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). No distinct channels of lateral openings for canals and nerves recognizable from external view of the ventral furrow (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787AAFFE11FBB2D587" box="[940,1038,445,470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[775,1331,779,1168]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787D18FE11FB81D584" box="[1051,1085,445,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1869,1888]" captionTargetBox="[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on middle (A–D) and distal portion (E, F) of arms, proximal (A, F), dorsal (B), ventral (C), lateral (D), distal (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. (F) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: FB, foot basin; DF, dorsal muscle fossae; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070618/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787D49FE11FBD0D584" box="[1098,1132,445,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6B</figureCitation>
); foot basins visible laterally on ventral side of the vertebra (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787DAAFE71FA95D5A4" box="[1193,1321,477,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[775,1331,779,1168]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 4D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787C36FE71FCDBD647" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1869,1888]" captionTargetBox="[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on middle (A–D) and distal portion (E, F) of arms, proximal (A, F), dorsal (B), ventral (C), lateral (D), distal (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. (F) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: FB, foot basin; DF, dorsal muscle fossae; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070618/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5C, D, 5B, C</figureCitation>
); protrusions present just externally of the middle of ventral furrow (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787AFFFDB1FBC6D664" box="[1020,1146,541,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-83@5.[775,1331,779,1168]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 4D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787D86FDB1FB7BD664" box="[1157,1223,541,565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[174,205,1869,1888]" captionTargetBox="[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-80@6.[249,1375,249,1842]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 5. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on middle (A–D) and distal portion (E, F) of arms, proximal (A, F), dorsal (B), ventral (C), lateral (D), distal (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. (F) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: FB, foot basin; DF, dorsal muscle fossae; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070618/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5C, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787DD7FDB1FAAAD667" box="[1236,1302,541,566]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6B, C</figureCitation>
). A large hole at centre of dorsal groove on distal portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787C83FD91FCCAD624" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5DEE7B7A8CFDD1FDFCD7C4" blockId="4.[850,1452,253,885]" lastBlockId="7.[136,738,253,1974]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Lateral arm plates much higher than long on proximal portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787D76FD31FB4DD6E7" box="[1141,1265,669,694]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6D, E</figureCitation>
); slightly higher than wide on middle portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787DF5FD11FAD2D687" box="[1270,1390,701,726]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6F, G</figureCitation>
); and approximately twice as wide as high on distal portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787AA9FD51FBA4D747" box="[938,1048,765,790]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6H, I</figureCitation>
). Distal edge convex with dorsal and ventral edges protruding toward proximal side, and proximal edge concave (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5DEE787D65FC91FB6BD704" box="[1126,1239,829,853]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 6D–I</figureCitation>
). External surfaces smooth; stereom on central portion of proximal edges slightly denser than remaining areas (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7B35FF51FD68D547" box="[566,724,253,278]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6D, F, H</figureCitation>
). Internal surfaces with two knobs, composed of more densely meshed stereom than remaining area, situated at centre (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B79DAFEF1FED8D527" box="[217,356,349,374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6E, G, I</figureCitation>
). On proximal to middle portion of arm, a single perforation next to distal-most knob and a tentacle notch extending to distal-ventral edge (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7B89FE31FF23D587" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6E, G</figureCitation>
). On distal portion of arm, a tentacle notch extends to ventral-distal edge but no perforation recognizable (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7BB5FE71FF1DD644" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
). On proximal to middle portion of arm, three spine articulations on distal edge, with nearly horizontal and parallel dorsal and ventral lobes, merging on proximal edge by depressed bridge, with dorsal lobe wider than ventral lobe (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7857FDD1FE77D6C7" box="[340,459,637,662]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6D, F</figureCitation>
). Distally, the number of articulations decreases to two (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B78EDFD31FDF6D6E4" box="[494,586,669,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
), with dorsal and ventral lobes almost equal in width and merged at proximal edge (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B785AFD71FE09D6A4" box="[345,437,733,757]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
). Surrounding structure of the articulations slightly sunken with denser stereom (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7992FCB1FE8FD767" box="[145,307,797,822]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6D, F, H</figureCitation>
). Muscle and nerve openings clearly recognized and separated by stereom protuberances on proximal to middle portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7B3AFCF1FD12D727" box="[569,686,861,886]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6D, F</figureCitation>
) but absent on distal portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B78DEFCD1FD8FD7C4" box="[477,563,893,917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[174,205,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-124@8.[259,1366,249,1814]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on distal portion of arm (A–C) and lateral arm plates (D–I) from proximal (D, E), middle (F, G) and distal (H, I) portion of arms, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, external (D, F, H) and internal (E, G, I) views. Blue areas indicate grooves (A, B). (A) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral.Arrowheads indicate depressed bridge (white) and stereom protuberances (black). Abbreviations: K, knob; DL, dorsal lobe; FB, foot basin; H, hole; MO, muscular opening; NO, nerve opening; P, perforation; PR, protrusion; TN, tentacle notch; VL, ventral lobe. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070620" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070620/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 6H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5EA1F61A5DEE7879ADF8C4FCE9D3E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070612" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8070612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070612/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[174,205,1896,1915]" targetBox="[178,1452,953,1869]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5DEE7879ADF8C4FCE9D3E5" blockId="4.[174,1452,1896,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5DEE7879ADF8C4FF54D32A" bold="true" box="[174,232,1896,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C218AFD1A5DEE7879F5F8C4FE54D32A" authority="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita, 2021" authorityName="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[246,488,1896,1915]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphilepididae" genus="Ophiomonas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shinseimaruae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5DEE7879F5F8C4FE54D32A" box="[246,488,1896,1915]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ophiomonas shinseimaruae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26690171A5DEE7878ECF8C5FDA3D32D" box="[495,543,1897,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Holotype, NSMT E-13546). (A) dorsal distal portion of arm; (B–D), ventral proximal (B), middle (C) and distal (D) portion of arms; (E, F) lateral proximal (E) and distal (F) portion of arms. Abbreviations: AS, arm spine; DAP, dorsal arm plate; LAP, lateral arm plate; TS, tentacle scale; VAP, ventral arm plate. Scale bars = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E83AED701A5DEE787D9FF849FA17D3A6" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5DEE787D9FF849FA17D3A6" blockId="4.[1180,1451,2020,2039]" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">© 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="DF5EA1F61A5CEE79798BF8E0FF6CD3E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070616" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8070616" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070616/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[136,167,1868,1887]" targetBox="[212,1338,249,1841]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5CEE79798BF8E0FF6CD3E5" blockId="5.[136,1414,1868,1972]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5CEE79798BF8E0FF7ED30E" bold="true" box="[136,194,1868,1887]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C218AFD1A5CEE7979D3F8E0FE7CD30E" authority="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita, 2021" authorityName="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[208,448,1868,1887]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphilepididae" genus="Ophiomonas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shinseimaruae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5CEE7979D3F8E0FE7CD30E" box="[208,448,1868,1887]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ophiomonas shinseimaruae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26690171A5CEE7978CBF8E1FE44D331" box="[456,504,1869,1888]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of vertebrae on proximal (A–E) and middle portion (F) of arms, proximal (A, F), distal (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D) and lateral (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: DF, dorsal muscle fossae; FB, foot basin; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E83AED701A5CEE79798BF849FE24D3A6" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5CEE79798BF849FE24D3A6" blockId="5.[136,408,2020,2039]" box="[136,408,2020,2039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">© 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<caption id="DF5EA1F61A5FEE7A79ADF8E1FE59D3E4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070618" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8070618" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070618/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[174,205,1869,1888]" targetBox="[249,1375,249,1842]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5FEE7A79ADF8E1FE59D3E4" blockId="6.[174,1451,1869,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5FEE7A79ADF8E1FF54D331" bold="true" box="[174,232,1869,1888]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C218AFD1A5FEE7A79F5F8E1FE5BD331" authority="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita, 2021" authorityName="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[246,487,1869,1888]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphilepididae" genus="Ophiomonas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shinseimaruae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5FEE7A79F5F8E1FE5BD331" box="[246,487,1869,1888]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Ophiomonas shinseimaruae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26690171A5FEE7A78EDF8E2FDA2D330" box="[494,542,1870,1889]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(Holotype, NSMT E-13546), SEM photographs of vertebrae on middle (A–D) and distal portion (E, F) of arms, proximal (A, F), dorsal (B), ventral (C), lateral (D), distal (E) views. Blue areas indicate grooves. (F) is partly broken. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; dis, distal; pro, proximal; v, ventral. Abbreviations: FB, foot basin; DF, dorsal muscle fossae; PR, protrusion; VF, ventral muscle fossae. Scale bars = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<footnote id="E83AED701A5FEE7A7D9FF849FA17D3A6" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5FEE7A7D9FF849FA17D3A6" blockId="6.[1180,1451,2020,2039]" box="[1180,1451,2020,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">© 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan</paragraph>
</footnote>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5EEE7B79C6FC31FD5ED0C7" blockId="7.[136,738,253,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Dorsal arm plates rectangular with straight distal edges and slightly pointing proximal edge, approximately three times as wide as long on proximal portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B783DFC51FE06D047" box="[318,442,1021,1046]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
); pentagonal with slightly pointed proximal edge, as wide as long on middle portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7846FB91FE7BD007" box="[325,455,1085,1110]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7C, D</figureCitation>
); and oval with slightly pointed proximal edge on distal portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7B88FBF1FF26D0C7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7E, F</figureCitation>
). Surfaces of the dorsal arm plates smooth (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7B66FBD1FD6AD0C7" box="[613,726,1149,1174]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7A–F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5EEE7B79C6FB31FF14D1E7" blockId="7.[136,738,253,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Ventral arm plates pentagonal with blunt proximal edge on proximal portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7B1EFB11FD1CD087" box="[541,672,1213,1238]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7G, H</figureCitation>
), and with slightly pointed proximal edge on middle to distal portion of arms (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B783EFB51FE1BD147" box="[317,423,1277,1302]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7I–L</figureCitation>
); distal edge slightly convex; slightly wider than long on proximal portion of arm, almost as wide as long on middle portion of arm and twice as long as wide on distal portion of arm (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7B84FAF1FF20D1C7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7K, L</figureCitation>
). Surfaces of the ventral arm plates smooth (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7B85FAD1FF20D1E7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7K, L</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5EEE7B79C6FA11FDE9D267" blockId="7.[136,738,253,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Proximally, ventralmost arm spine tapering to acute tip (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B79FEFA71FEE7D1A7" box="[253,347,1501,1526]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
) and other two spines tapering to blunt tip (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B79F9FA51FEE9D247" box="[250,341,1533,1558]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7N</figureCitation>
); distally, arm spine shape similar, tapering gradually to acute tip (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B78D4F9B1FDF4D267" box="[471,584,1565,1590]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[136,167,1868,1887]" captionTargetBox="[212,1338,249,1842]" captionTargetId="figure-121@9.[526,847,815,1068]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (Holotype, NSMT E-13546). SEM photographs of ossicles, (A–F), dorsal arm plates from proximal (A, B), middle (C, D) and distal (E, F) portion of arms; (G–L) ventral arm plates from proximal (G, H), middle (I, J) and distal (K, L) portion of arms, external (A, C, E, G, I, K) and internal (B, D, F, H, J, L) views; (M–P) arm spines from proximal (M, N) and distal (O, P) portion of arms, dorsalmost (M, O) and ventralmost (N, P) ones. Arrows indicate orientation: ba, basal; dis, distal; ex, external; pro, proximal. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070622" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070622/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7O, P</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5EEE7B79C6F991FF19D327" blockId="7.[136,738,253,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Dental plates entire without fragmentation, oblong, approximately twice as long as wide, with four sockets for teeth (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B784BF9D1FE36D2C7" box="[328,394,1661,1686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,205,1926,1945]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,828,1897]" captionTargetId="graphics-280@10.[148,1477,827,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (A paratype, NSMT E-13550). (A, B) SEM photographs of dental plate, external (A) and internal (B) views. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; v, ventral. Dashed circles indicate septum. Abbreviations: TS, tooth socket. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Dorsalmost tooth socket large and circular with two perforating oval holes separated by complete septum (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7874F911FE07D287" box="[375,443,1725,1750]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,205,1926,1945]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,828,1897]" captionTargetId="graphics-280@10.[148,1477,827,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (A paratype, NSMT E-13550). (A, B) SEM photographs of dental plate, external (A) and internal (B) views. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; v, ventral. Dashed circles indicate septum. Abbreviations: TS, tooth socket. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Second dorsalmost tooth socket smaller than the dorsalmost one, with small perforating holes separated by complete septum opening as slit-shaped transverse holes on internal side (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7B93F8B1FD6FD367" box="[656,723,1821,1846]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,205,1926,1945]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,828,1897]" captionTargetId="graphics-280@10.[148,1477,827,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (A paratype, NSMT E-13550). (A, B) SEM photographs of dental plate, external (A) and internal (B) views. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; v, ventral. Dashed circles indicate septum. Abbreviations: TS, tooth socket. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Other two ventral sockets shallow, not penetrating (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7BB5F891FF2BD327" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[174,205,1926,1945]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,828,1897]" captionTargetId="graphics-280@10.[148,1477,827,1897]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 8. Ophiomonas shinseimaruae sp. n. (A paratype, NSMT E-13550). (A, B) SEM photographs of dental plate, external (A) and internal (B) views. Arrows indicate orientation: d, dorsal; v, ventral. Dashed circles indicate septum. Abbreviations: TS, tooth socket. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070626" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070626/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5EEE7B79C6F8D2FB01D644" blockId="7.[136,738,253,1974]" lastBlockId="7.[813,1414,253,854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5EEE7B79C6F8D2FD2ED3E7" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Variation (
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5EEE7B7845F8D2FE03D3C4" box="[326,447,1918,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">paratypes</typeStatus>
, NSMT E-13547, NSMT E-13548, NSMT E-13549 and NSMT E-13550)
</emphasis>
: Some morphological variation was observed among the
<specimenCount id="9D273AF71A5EEE7B7A2EFEB1FC68D567" box="[813,980,285,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">four paratypes</specimenCount>
. Number of tentacle scales on second oral tentacle pores was two for
<specimenCount id="9D273AF71A5EEE7B7D8CFE92FA95D507" box="[1167,1321,318,342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
(NSMT E-13547, disc diameter [d.d.] =
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5EEE7B7DB9FEF1FA9BD524" box="[1210,1319,349,373]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
; NSMT E-13549, d.d. =
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5EEE7B7AF8FED1FBD7D5C7" box="[1019,1131,381,406]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="11.6">11.6 mm</quantity>
), one for
<specimenCount id="9D273AF71A5EEE7B7DEBFED2FA38D5C7" box="[1256,1412,382,406]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
(NSMT E-13548, d.d. =
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5EEE7B7D40FE31FB21D5E7" box="[1091,1181,413,438]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
), and one or two for
<specimenCount id="9D273AF71A5EEE7B7A2EFE12FC07D587" box="[813,955,446,470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
(NSMT E-13550, d.d. =
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5EEE7B7DDFFE12FAF8D587" box="[1244,1348,446,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="10.9">10.9 mm</quantity>
). One
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5EEE7B7A2EFE72FC33D5A7" box="[813,911,478,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">paratype</typeStatus>
(NSMT E-13550) had four arms naturally while other
<specimenCount id="9D273AF71A5EEE7B7AAFFE51FBF2D647" box="[940,1102,509,534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">three paratypes</specimenCount>
have five.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5EEE7B7A6AFDB2FBA8D6A4" blockId="7.[813,1414,253,854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5EEE7B7A6AFDB2FBA8D664" box="[873,1044,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">DNA barcoding</emphasis>
: We obtained a 774-bp
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5EEE7B7C1FFDB2FAF6D664" box="[1308,1354,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">COI</emphasis>
gene region for the
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5EEE7B7ACEFD91FB97D604" box="[973,1067,573,597]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C218AFD1A5EEE7B7D56FD91FA39D604" authority="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita, 2021" authorityName="Okanishi &amp; Matsuo &amp; Fujita" authorityYear="2021" box="[1109,1413,573,597]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphilepididae" genus="Ophiomonas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="shinseimaruae" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5EEE7B7D56FD91FA39D604" box="[1109,1413,573,597]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ophiomonas shinseimaruae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26690171A5EEE7B7A2EFDF2FCD4D624" box="[813,872,606,629]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NSMT E-13546; LC586826). No
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5EEE7B7DEEFDF2FAA7D624" box="[1261,1307,606,629]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">COI</emphasis>
sequence of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C218AFD1A5EEE7B7ABCFDD1FBF5D6C4" authorityName="Djakonov" authorityYear="1952" box="[959,1097,637,661]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphilepididae" genus="Ophiomonas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5EEE7B7ABCFDD1FBF5D6C4" box="[959,1097,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ophiomonas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was registered in GenBank, and the closest sequence is from
<taxonomicName id="4C218AFD1A5EEE7B7D8DFD31FC72D687" authority="H. L. Clark, 1938" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" genus="Amphiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bidentata">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5EEE7B7D8DFD31FAD9D6E4" box="[1166,1381,669,693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Amphiura bidentata</emphasis>
H. L. Clark, 1938
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C218AFD1A5EEE7B7ADDFD11FBCED684" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1867" box="[990,1138,701,725]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphilepidida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Amphiuridae</taxonomicName>
: KU895046) with 20.0% K2P genetic distance.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9EF17E1A5EEE7B7A6AFD52FC00D707" blockId="7.[813,1414,253,854]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B9552D6C1A5EEE7B7A6AFD52FC55D744" box="[873,1001,766,789]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Occurrence</emphasis>
: Known only from the
<typeStatus id="549A4FDC1A5EEE7B7DF5FD52FA99D747" box="[1270,1317,766,790]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
locality, southeast of Cape Erimo,
<collectingRegion id="49E53F9C1A5EEE7B7D37FCB1FB20D764" box="[1076,1180,797,821]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F336B1EE1A5EEE7B7DA6FCB2FB5ED764" box="[1189,1250,798,821]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CD95C9B1A5EEE7B7DE8FCB1FA3AD764" box="[1259,1414,797,821]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1595" metricValueMax="3.176" metricValueMin="3.143" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="3159.5" valueMax="3176.0" valueMin="3143.0">
<geoCoordinate id="EE1597B91A5EEE7B7DE8FCB1FA98D764" box="[1259,1316,797,821]" degrees="3,143" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="3.143">3,143</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE1597B91A5EEE7B7C27FCB1FAD7D764" box="[1316,1387,797,821]" degrees="3,176" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="55" value="-3.176">–3,176</geoCoordinate>
m
</quantity>
deep (
<figureCitation id="131AEDFB1A5EEE7B7A6DFC91FC10D707" box="[878,940,829,854]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[136,167,1952,1971]" captionTargetId="graphics-249@1.[408,1172,924,1887]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Sampling locality (solid black circle) of examined specimens. © 2021 Academia Sinica, Taiwan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8070608" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8070608/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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