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<document ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" ID-PMC="PMC3689140" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-22-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" ID-PubMed="23794937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576167" ModsDocID="1314-2003-22-1" checkinTime="1451251931319" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2013" docId="FF45A0F00DF2634D99E90648454DAB10" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 22: 1-428" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 22" docPubDate="2013-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041" docTitle="Solanum cutervanum Zahlbr. 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="432" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668140799926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-05-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>22</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>432</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.22.4041</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-22-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFC8FFF7FF8EFFFE9F6EFFEEFFFF3860</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576167</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152024572" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF45A0F00DF2634D99E90648454DAB10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF45A0F00DF2634D99E90648454DAB10" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
12.
<taxonomicName LSID="FF45A0F0-0DF2-634D-99E9-0648454DAB10" authority="Zahlbr." authorityName="Zahlbr." authorityYear="1892" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum cutervanum" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cutervanum">Solanum cutervanum Zahlbr.</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation journal="Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus." page="7" score="10.50191145059567" volume="7" year="1892">Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 7: 7. 1892</bibCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 31. Solanum cutervanum Zahlbr. (drawn from Hutchison &amp; von Bismarck 6571). Reproduced from Knapp (1989) with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library. Illustration by Margaret Tebbs." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10287" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Figure 31</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">Solanum angustifolium</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 33, t. 163b. 1799, non
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Solanum angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Miller, 1768, nec
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Solanum angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lam., 1793. Type: Peru.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
: Acomayo,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
H. Ruiz &amp; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pavón">Pavon</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
s.n. (lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="307 - 329" publicationUrl="10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.295" refId="B78" refString="Knapp, S, 2008c. Lectotypification of Ruiz and Pavon's names in Solanum (Solanaceae). Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 65: 307 - 329, 10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.295" title="Lectotypification of Ruiz and Pavon's names in Solanum (Solanaceae)." url="10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.295" volume="65" year="2008 c">Knapp 2008c</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 310: MA [MA-747093]; isolectotypes: F, MA [MA-747094, MA-747095]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulverulentum">Solanum pulverulentum</taxonomicName>
Pers., Syn. 1: 223. 1805. Type: Based on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Solanum angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 33, t. 163b. 1799, non
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Solanum angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Miller, 1768, nec
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Solanum angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lam., 1793.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureum">Solanum aureum</taxonomicName>
Dunal var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">angustelanceolatum</emphasis>
Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 119: 13. 1916. Type: Peru.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
: Chaglla, 3100-3200 m, c. 9°46'S, 1909-1914,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A. Weberbauer 6700</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed; lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="307 - 329" publicationUrl="10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.295" refId="B78" refString="Knapp, S, 2008c. Lectotypification of Ruiz and Pavon's names in Solanum (Solanaceae). Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 65: 307 - 329, 10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.295" title="Lectotypification of Ruiz and Pavon's names in Solanum (Solanaceae)." url="10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.295" volume="65" year="2008 c">Knapp 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 90: F [F-628476, F neg. 69667]; isolectotypes: GH [GH00077582], MOL, US [US-1444961]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureum">Solanum aureum</taxonomicName>
Dunal var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">latelanceolatum</emphasis>
Bitter, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 119: 13. 1916. Type: Peru.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
: Chaglla, 3100-3200 m, c. 9°46'S, 1909-1914,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">A. Weberbauer 6700</emphasis>
(holotype: B, destroyed; lectotype, designated here: US [US-1444961]; isolectotypes: F, MOL, US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Peru. Cajamarca: Cutervo,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">C. von Jelski 30</emphasis>
(holotype: W [W 1891-0004325, F neg. 33065]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Shrubs to small trees, 1-7 m tall. Stems and leaves densely covered with loosely branching golden tree-like trichomes; leaf scars somewhat raised, the stem not winged; new growth densely pubescent with golden tree-like trichomes above and below. Bark of older stems dark reddish-brown, sparsely pubescent with the tree-like trichomes of the young stems. Sympodial units plurifoliate. Leaves simple, 6.5-13 cm long, 1.7-5 cm wide, elliptic or occasionally narrowly elliptic (type), the upper surfaces of the blades drying dark, sparsely pubescent with golden tree-like trichomes, these mostly along the veins, the lower surfaces pubescent with golden trichomes like those of the upper surfaces, the pubescence denser than that above; primary veins 8-12 pairs, sparsely pubescent; base acute, not winged on to the petiole; margins entire, not markedly revolute; apex acute; petiole 0.5-2 cm long, densely golden pubescent.
<pageBreakToken pageId="87" pageNumber="88" start="start">Inflorescences</pageBreakToken>
terminal, later appearing lateral or in the fork of the branches, 4-10 cm long, pyramidal, branching ca. 10 times, with 10-20 flowers densely pubescent with loose golden tree-like trichomes like those of the young stems; peduncle 1-4 cm long; pedicels 0.7-1.3 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base tapering to an apical diameter of 1 mm, slightly nodding at anthesis, densely pubescent with golden tree-like trichomes, articulated at the base and inserted in a sleeve ca. 0.5 mm long; pedicel scars closely spaced and congested at the inflorescence branch tips. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube
<pageBreakToken pageId="88" pageNumber="89" start="start">1.5</pageBreakToken>
-2 mm long, conical, the lobes deltate, 1.5-2 mm long, densely pubescent abaxially with golden tree-like trichomes, densely pubescent adaxially with dendritic and simple trichomes. Corolla 1.5-1.8 cm in diameter, violet or occasionally white, lobed 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 7-8 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, planar at anthesis, densely pubescent abaxially with tiny dendritic trichomes, these denser at the tips of the lobes, adaxial surfaces glabrous. Filament tube absent; free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm long, occasionally slightly pubescent near the base; anthers 3.4-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, loosely connivent, poricidal at the tips, the pores becoming slit-like with age. Ovary glabrous or with a few dendritic trichomes at the apex, glabrate in fruit; style 5-7 mm long, sparsely to densely pubescent at the base or along its entire length with golden dendritic trichomes; stigma bilobed, the surface minutely papillose. Fruit a globose, purplish-black berry, with thin pericarp, 1-1.2 cm in diameter; fruiting pedicels 1-1.5 cm long, woody, nodding to more or less erect, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base. Seeds ca. 8-10 per fruit, 3-4 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3.5 mm, flattened lenticular, reddish-brown, the surfaces minutely pitted. Chromosome number: not known.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10287" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 31" startId="F31">
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figure 31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cutervanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum cutervanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zahlbr. (drawn from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hutchison &amp; von Bismarck 6571</emphasis>
). Reproduced from
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany)" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="63 - 112" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 1989. A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany) 19: 63 - 112" title="A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae)." volume="19" year="1989">Knapp (1989)</bibRefCitation>
with permission of the Natural History Museum Botany Library. Illustration by Margaret Tebbs.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 32" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figure 32. Distribution of Solanum cutervanum Zahlbr." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10288" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figure 32</figureCitation>
). Andean Peru from Piura to Puno with a single collection known from Bolivia; 2500-3300 m.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10288" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 32" startId="F32">
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figure 32.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cutervanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum cutervanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zahlbr.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">In rocky uplands, cloud forests and along trails in forest, usually growing in the open.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Common names:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Peru: rama de serrano (
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany)" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="63 - 112" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 1989. A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany) 19: 63 - 112" title="A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae)." volume="19" year="1989">Knapp 1989</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Least Concern (LC); EOO&gt;100,000 km2 (LC) and AOO&gt;10,000 km2 (LC). See
<bibRefCitation author="Moat, J" journalOrPublisher="Pesquisas, Botanica" pageId="322" pageNumber="323" refId="B116" refString="Moat, J, 2007. Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3.x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cats." title="Conservation assessment tools extension for ArcView 3. x, version 1.2. GIS Unit, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available at http: // www. rbgkew. org. uk / cats" year="2007">Moat (2007)</bibRefCitation>
for explanation of measurements.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cutervanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum cutervanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had long been confused with and placed in the synonymy of S.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">nitidum</emphasis>
. Specimens of both these species were previously annotated as
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulverulentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum pulverulentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pers., perhaps due to their superficial similarity and sympatric distribution. The two species, however, are very different.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cutervanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum cutervanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has golden or brownish tree-like trichomes on stems, leaves and inflorescences and black berries, while
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nitidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum nitidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has more delicate, greyish, strictly dendritic trichomes and red ripe berries.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cutervanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum cutervanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruizii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum ruizii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also from central Peru. It differs from that species in its often dichasial branching, rounded leaf bases, smaller flowers and deltate calyx lobes. These sister taxa are sympatric and flower size may contribute to reproductive isolation. Some populations of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cutervanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum cutervanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from N Peru have broadly elliptical leaves superficially reminiscent of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a vining species with golden strictly dendritic pubescence.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Unfortunately the species name
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulverulentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum pulverulentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Pers., so long in use for this species, is a later homonym of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulverulentum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum pulverulentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., itself a superfluous name for
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tomentosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum tomentosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., an African prickly species (see
<bibRefCitation author="Vorontsova, MS" journalOrPublisher="RBG Kew, Richmond, Surrey, 164 - 186, 198 - 215" pageId="324" pageNumber="325" refId="B163" refString="Vorontsova MS, Knapp S (in review) A revision of the spiny solanums, Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum (Solanaceae) in Africa and Madagascar. Systematic Botany Monographs." year="2012">Vorontsova and Knapp, in review</bibRefCitation>
). Linneaus only used the epithet
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">pulverulentum</emphasis>
in the 1759 edition of his
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Systemae Naturae</emphasis>
, and in later publications reverted to the use of his original epithet
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">tomentosum</emphasis>
for the South African species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Many monographers in
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have stated that holotypes or lectotypes for Ruiz and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pavón">Pavon</normalizedToken>
names were in the Madrid herbarium (MA), but without specifying a particular sheet. This is incorrect when several sheets are present in MA.
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany)" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="63 - 112" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 1989. A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany) 19: 63 - 112" title="A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae)." volume="19" year="1989">Knapp (1989)</bibRefCitation>
<pageBreakToken pageId="89" pageNumber="90" start="start">lectotypified</pageBreakToken>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Solanum angustifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
citing only a sheet in MA; this was rectified in 2008 by citation of the particular sheet (
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="307 - 329" publicationUrl="10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.295" refId="B78" refString="Knapp, S, 2008c. Lectotypification of Ruiz and Pavon's names in Solanum (Solanaceae). Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 65: 307 - 329, 10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.295" title="Lectotypification of Ruiz and Pavon's names in Solanum (Solanaceae)." url="10.3989/ajbm.2008.v65.i2.295" volume="65" year="2008 c">Knapp 2008c</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="90" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
In describing
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Solanum aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vars.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">angustelanceolatum</emphasis>
and
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">latelanceolatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis" pageId="317" pageNumber="318" refId="B10" refString="Bitter, G, 1916. Solanaceae andinae. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54, Beiblatt 119: 5-17." title="Solanaceae andinae. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54, Beiblatt 119: 5 - 17." year="1916">Bitter (1916)</bibRefCitation>
used sheets of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Weberbauer 6700</emphasis>
at B for both names; he stated that within a branch leaf morphology was relatively uniform, but that between branches (probably sheets, as he never saw these or any other South American
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the field) there was a great deal of variation. He compared
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Weberbauer 6700</emphasis>
to a sheet at B collected by Humboldt (an isotype of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Solanales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Solanum aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and clearly stated (
<bibRefCitation author="Bitter, G" journalOrPublisher="Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis" pageId="317" pageNumber="318" refId="B10" refString="Bitter, G, 1916. Solanaceae andinae. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54, Beiblatt 119: 5-17." title="Solanaceae andinae. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 54, Beiblatt 119: 5 - 17." year="1916">Bitter 1916</bibRefCitation>
) that the Humboldt
<pageBreakToken pageId="90" pageNumber="91" start="start">sheet</pageBreakToken>
represented the typical variety, and that various sheets of
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Weberbauer 6700</emphasis>
were his new taxa. I have selected the F duplicate as the lectotype of var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">angustelanceolatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany)" pageId="320" pageNumber="321" pagination="63 - 112" refId="B68" refString="Knapp, S, 1989. A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Botany) 19: 63 - 112" title="A revision of the Solanum nitidum species group (section Holophylla pro parte: Solanaceae)." volume="19" year="1989">Knapp 1989</bibRefCitation>
) and here selected the US sheet of the same number with slightly wider leaves as the lectotype of var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">latelanceolatum</emphasis>
as no duplicate material annotated by Bitter has been found. It is likely he was using material at Berlin (now destroyed) for his description.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Bolivia</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">La Paz</emphasis>
: Franz Tamayo, Parque Nacional Madidi, Puina Viejo, ca. 3 km
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
abajo por camino al E del
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
, 3345 m, 20 Jun 2005,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Fuentes 8507</emphasis>
(NY).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Ecuador</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Azuay</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
Sevilla de Oro, Sevilla de Oro, eastern Cordillera, 4-6 km N of village, 2743 m, 14 Aug 1945,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Camp E-4698</emphasis>
(MO);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
Cuenca, Cuenca, Cuenca, Parroquia Cumbe, 2682 m, 3 Jul 1991,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
15542
</emphasis>
(MO);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
Sevilla de Oro, Sevilla de Oro, 2950 m, 18 Apr 1968,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Harling et al. 8454</emphasis>
(MO);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Azuay/Morona Santiago</emphasis>
: road
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gualaceo-Limón">Gualaceo-Limon</normalizedToken>
, at the pass point, La Virgen, 3500 m, 26 Feb 1993,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
Harling &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ståhl">Stahl</normalizedToken>
26713
</emphasis>
(MO);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Loja</emphasis>
: Las Chinchas, region central, 2250 m, 12 Apr 1944,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acosta-Solís">Acosta-Solis</normalizedToken>
7786
</emphasis>
(F); Cordillera de Las Lagunitas. Amaluza-Jimbura-Zumba, Km 36, 3390 m, 22 Nov 1994,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jørgensen">Jorgensen</normalizedToken>
et al. 747
</emphasis>
(BM, MO); Parque Nacional Podocarpus, above Cajanuma, trail from 'Centro de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Información’">Informacion'</normalizedToken>
toward 'Lagunas de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Compadre’">Compadre'</normalizedToken>
, 3100 m, 19 Jan 1989,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Madsen 85561</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Peru</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Amazonas</emphasis>
: Luya, Camporedondo, Tullanya, base Cerro Huicsocunga, 3075 m, 7 Dec 1996,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
&amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
8853
</emphasis>
(MO); Chachapoyas, Cerros de Calla-calla, uppermost slopes and summit, near kms 403-407 of Balsas-Leimebamba road, 3400 m, 18 Aug 1962,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Wurdack 1704</emphasis>
(USM);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cajamarca</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaén">Jaen</normalizedToken>
, Sallique, 3300 m, 26 Jun 1998,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Campos et al. 5102</emphasis>
(MO);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaén">Jaen</normalizedToken>
, Sallique. Quebrada Grande, camino entre La Cocha y
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tablón">Tablon</normalizedToken>
, 2750 m, 2 Jul 1998,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Campos et al. 5183</emphasis>
(BM, MO);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaén">Jaen</normalizedToken>
, Lanchal, La Concha, Dist. Sallique, 2960 m, 16 Jun 1998,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
et al. 9597
</emphasis>
(MO, USM);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaén">Jaen</normalizedToken>
, Sallique, Quebrada grande, ruta entre La Cocha y
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tablón">Tablon</normalizedToken>
, 2770 m, 30 Jul 1998,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
et al. 9779
</emphasis>
(BM, MO, MOL);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jaén">Jaen</normalizedToken>
, Paramillo de Pomahuaca, antes del pajonal, 3200 m, 8 Nov 1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
&amp; Campos 10908
</emphasis>
(USM); El Pargo, 42 km E of Llama, ca. 14 km SE of Tunas Pampas, 3000 m, 8 Sep 1991,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Gentry et al. 74570</emphasis>
(MO, USM); El Pargo, 16 km E of Tunas Pampa, ca. 42 km E of Llama on road to Huambos, 3000 m, 18 Sep 1991,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Gentry et al. 74897</emphasis>
(MO, USM); Chota, Bosque El Pargo, entre Llama y Huambos, 3010 m, 12 Aug 1994,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Leiva G. et al. 1485</emphasis>
(BM);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cusco</emphasis>
: Calca, Choquecancha, Azulcocha, Dist. Lares, 3832 m, 18 Feb 2005,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Valenzuela et al. 4978</emphasis>
(NY);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huamalíes">Huamalies</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Monzón">Monzon</normalizedToken>
, cerros al sudoeste de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Monzón">Monzon</normalizedToken>
, 3500 m,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Weberbauer 3310</emphasis>
(MOL);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Lambayeque</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrañafe">Ferranafe</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañariaco">Canariaco</normalizedToken>
, Distrito
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañaris">Canaris</normalizedToken>
, sector
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cañariaco">Canariaco</normalizedToken>
, 3083 m, 16 Aug 2008,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
Marcelo
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
et al. 3688
</emphasis>
(MOL);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Pasco</emphasis>
: Oxapampa, Distrito Huancabamba, Lanturachi, sector Santa Barbara, camino a Milpo, 2824 m, 10 Oct 2003,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Perea et al. 702</emphasis>
(BM);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Piura</emphasis>
: Huancabamba, El Tambo, 3 Jun 1961,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Acleto 294</emphasis>
(USM); Huancabamba, Carmen de la Frontera, alturas de Nueva York, 3280 m, 27 Jul 2006,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cano et al. 16766</emphasis>
(USM); Huancabamba, carretera entre Canchaque y Huancabamba, 2800 m, 14 Jan 1988,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
et al. 2719
</emphasis>
(MO); Huancabamba, Mitopampa (Huancabamba-Cuello del Indio), 2650 m, 22 Jul 1975,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sagástegui">Sagastegui</normalizedToken>
et al. 8251
</emphasis>
<pageBreakToken pageId="91" pageNumber="92" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
MO);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
San
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Mariscal Caceres, Parque Nacional Rio Abiseo, cerro al sur de campamento Chochas, 3500 m, 30 Jun 1996,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Cano et al. 7439</emphasis>
(USM); Distrito de Huicongo, valle de Ruibarbos, 3650 m, 12 Jun 2001,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
&amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ramírez">Ramirez</normalizedToken>
5200
</emphasis>
(BM); Mariscal
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
, Parque Nacional Rio Abiseo, Puerta del Monte, 3200 m,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Young 1573</emphasis>
(K); Mariscal
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
, Parque Nacional Rio Abiseo, Chochos, 3400 m, 14 Feb 1986,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Young 2809</emphasis>
(K, MOL, USM); Mariscal
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
, Parque Nacional Rio Abiseo, Chochos, 3450 m, 13 Jun 1986,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Young 3763</emphasis>
(K); Mariscal
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
, Parque Nacional Rio Abiseo, 3400 m, 3 Jul 1986,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Young 3866</emphasis>
(K, MOL, USM); Mariscal
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cáceres">Caceres</normalizedToken>
, Parque Nacional Rio Abiseo, along trail to El Mirador, Puerta del Monte, NW corner of Park, 3100 m, 11 Jul 1987,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
Young &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
4475
</emphasis>
(USM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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