512 lines
75 KiB
XML
512 lines
75 KiB
XML
<document id="4B94C60AB4AA70252F5B99514C283ADA" ID-CLB-Dataset="2999" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5081.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d69b687d-e2db-4144-90e0-ad7fab4b35dd" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5775736" ID-ZooBank="489D7694-F51B-4582-BE02-9C9EBD1F150A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639387769340" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Berning, Björn, Spencer Jones, Mary E. & Vieira, Leandro M." docDate="2021" docId="AE591B12FF900D52FF0FFAF5B5B6D7EA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5081.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5081 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hincksina synchysia Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docUuid="DFE9C22D-A11B-4010-A70B-89A6D4933FDE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="340" masterDocId="5260636AFF940D55FF98FFB9B14ED423" masterDocTitle="Revision of the European species of the genus Hincksina Norman, 1903 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida, Flustridae)" masterLastPageNumber="352" masterPageNumber="333" pageNumber="337" updateTime="1699472290800" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="ACADD45F635C2E5E652EF9A92B63DD67">Revision of the European species of the genus Hincksina Norman, 1903 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida, Flustridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FAB27913B45DEB2E1BB0DAFFEE536E91">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="83287A50D4AC42ACE93F2CD8D3CB2240">Berning, Björn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C4C00013A2DFA883994E8C00124B2F5C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0068-9739</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="23E783656EF2C73229A245B5F7ABB100">Oberösterreichische Landes-Kultur GmbH, Geowissenschaftliche Sammlungen, Welser Str. 20, 4060 Leonding, Austria. b. berning @ landesmuseum. at; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0068 - 9739 & CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Campus de Ponta Delgada Apartado 1422, 9501 - 801 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7371C325D4DD70B94DED4F06ACDFC88A" type="email">b.berning@landesmuseum.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="560DFB57B5B3F96C7C87938800EC5022">Spencer Jones, Mary E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F80397D3783479A12BAA17D9DA0539E0" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9332-8325</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6C526948721425ACAD13BD31EA505BB3">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. m. spencer-jones @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9332 - 8325</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B8734484521786F366F64F345D7CC9A4" type="email">m.spencer-jones@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D4FE09A4D98F5422B043677D26740358">Vieira, Leandro M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C55C2CEEB3D1F6D56D6ADC4662730F02" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9332-8325</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="EDBAB03CB3AA0B4437703C94E493F8D9">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom. m. spencer-jones @ nhm. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9332 - 8325 & Laboratório de Estudos de Bryozoa-LAEBry, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670 - 810, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CFD682A32E596AFB38332E469B394BF6" type="email">m.spencer-jones@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="C4A77AEF9885EC31F1A68E0DB8619608">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5E4BEFBAEBDE160FE57E5ADE14773E83">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D70CF3BE0279CD2A27934F8B4E8D5008">2021-12-13</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AE591B12FF900D52FF0FFAF5B5B6D7EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5776657" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191503687" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5776657" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DFE9C22D-A11B-4010-A70B-89A6D4933FDE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE591B12FF900D52FF0FFAF5B5B6D7EA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF900D51FF0FFAF5B095D144" box="[151,475,1356,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF900D51FF0FFAF5B095D144" blockId="4.[151,945,1356,1448]" box="[151,475,1356,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<heading id="7D071D68FF900D51FF0FFAF5B095D144" bold="true" box="[151,475,1356,1383]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FF0FFAF5B095D144" bold="true" box="[151,475,1356,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF900D51FF0FFAF5B0DFD144" ID-CoL="9BDFM" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,401,1356,1383]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FF0FFAF5B0DFD144" bold="true" box="[151,401,1356,1383]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Hincksina synchysia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF900D51FE01FAF4B095D144" box="[409,475,1357,1383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF900D51FF0FFAC9B2FFD18B" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="description">
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF900D51FF0FFAC9B1A2D1A8" blockId="4.[151,945,1356,1448]" box="[151,236,1392,1419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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(
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<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF900D51FF38FAC9B1ADD1A8" box="[160,227,1392,1419]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hincksina synchysia n. sp., holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF900D51FF0FFA29B2FFD18B" blockId="4.[151,945,1356,1448]" box="[151,945,1424,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<uri id="5261A606FF900D51FF0FFA29B2FFD18B" box="[151,945,1424,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="525690D1FF900D51FE02FA29B2FFD18B" box="[410,945,1424,1448]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">DFE9C22D-A11B-4010-A70B-89A6D4933FDE</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF900D51FF0FFA74B2C2D201" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF900D51FF0FFA74B25ED1C6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1485,1571]" box="[151,784,1485,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="06E08D2AFF900D51FF0FFA74B25ED1C6" box="[151,784,1485,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF900D51FF0FFA74B020D1C6" ID-CoL="6LWVC" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[151,366,1485,1509]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
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||
<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FF0FFA74B020D1C6" box="[151,366,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Hincksina flustroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
f.
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<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FE12FA77B35FD1C6" box="[394,529,1486,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">crassispinata</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="A7518C15FF900D51FD8FFA74B385D1C6" author="Gautier, Y. V." box="[535,715,1485,1509]" page="50" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" year="1962">
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<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF900D51FD8FFA74B385D1C6" author="Gautier, Y. V." box="[535,715,1485,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref15648" refString="Gautier, Y. V. (1962) Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 38, 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1962">Gautier, 1962: 50</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, fig. 8.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF900D51FF0FFA55B2C2D201" blockId="4.[151,1437,1485,1571]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF900D51FF0FFA55B08ED227" ID-CoL="6LWVC" authority="Hincks" authorityName="Hincks" box="[151,448,1516,1540]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
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||
<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FF0FFA55B020D227" box="[151,366,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Hincksina flustroides</emphasis>
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Hincks
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</taxonomicName>
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||
:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF900D51FE52FA55B32CD227" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[458,610,1516,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" pagination="49 - 63" refId="ref15777" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1988) Les Bryozoaires, de bons indicateurs bathymetriques en paleoecologie? Geologie Mediterraneenne, 15, 49 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / geolm. 1988.1394" type="journal article" year="1988">Harmelin 1988</bibRefCitation>
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||
(part): pl. 1, fig. 4, not fig. 5;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF900D51FC0BFA55B5DAD227" author="Zabala, M. & Maluquer, P." box="[915,1172,1516,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref17756" refString="Zabala, M. & Maluquer, P. (1988) Illustrated keys for the classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa. Treballs del Museu de Zoologia, 4, 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1988">Zabala & Maluquer 1988</bibRefCitation>
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||
(part): 80, text-fig. 86, pl. 3, fig. A, not text-fig. 87;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF900D51FE54F9B3B25AD201" author="Chimenz Gusso, C. & Nicoletti, L. & Bondanese, C." box="[460,788,1546,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" pagination="1 - 330" refId="ref15101" refString="Chimenz Gusso, C., Nicoletti, L. & Bondanese, C. (2014) Briozoi. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 20 (Supplement 1), 1 - 330." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Chimenz Gusso
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FDEBF9B2B3E8D201" box="[627,678,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014: 103
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 40a, b.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF900D51FF0FF9F2B4C5D28D" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="264FAA04FF900D51FF0FF9F2B4C5D28D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1611,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FF0FF9F2B0CFD246" bold="true" box="[151,385,1611,1637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="9698A059FF900D51FE10F9F2B227D2AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3417698305" collectingDate="1959-10-07" country="Italy" elevation="35" location="Punta Carega" municipality="Portofino" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Liguria" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FE10F9F2B0A1D246" box="[392,495,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
|
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<typeStatus id="F94B14A6FF900D51FE10F9F2B0A1D246" box="[392,495,1611,1637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: MNHN-IB-2017-782,
|
||
<date id="524E8CC4FF900D51FD64F9F2B231D245" box="[764,895,1611,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" value="1959-10-07">
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||
<collectingDate id="420A752CFF900D51FD64F9F2B231D245" box="[764,895,1611,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" value="1959-10-07">07/10/1959</collectingDate>
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</date>
|
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,
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<location id="232FFCDFFF900D51FC12F9F5B56AD246" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AE591B12FF900D52FF0FFAF5B5B6D7EA:232FFCDFFF900D51FC12F9F5B56AD246" box="[906,1060,1611,1638]" country="Italy" municipality="Portofino" name="Punta Carega" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" stateProvince="Liguria">Punta Carega</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="C62B307EFF900D51FBA8F9F2B5D4D246" box="[1072,1178,1611,1637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Portofino</collectingMunicipality>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="E43464E6FF900D51FB31F9F2B44ED246" box="[1193,1280,1611,1637]" country="Italy" name="Liguria" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Liguria</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="5EE7EA94FF900D51FA93F9F2B40CD245" box="[1291,1346,1611,1638]" name="Italy" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Italy</collectingCountry>
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),
|
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<quantity id="E10807E1FF900D51FACEF9F2B1E1D2A9" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">
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<elevation id="ADDD4D37FF900D51FACEF9F2B1E1D2A9" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="30.0">30–40 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
|
||
, figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF900D51FEAEF9D6B09BD2AA" author="Gautier, Y. V." box="[310,469,1647,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref15648" refString="Gautier, Y. V. (1962) Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 38, 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1962">Gautier (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 8), one colony on bivalve shell
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
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.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FCEBF9C9B294D2AA" box="[883,986,1648,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<typeStatus id="F94B14A6FF900D51FCEBF9C9B294D2AA" box="[883,986,1648,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: MNHN-IB-2008-10579, locality information as
|
||
<typeStatus id="F94B14A6FF900D51FE92F92AB03AD28E" box="[266,372,1683,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, one large colony on bivalve shell, http://coldb.mnhn.fr/catalognumber/mnhn/ib/2008-10579.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF900D51FF5FF90EB462D2F2" box="[199,1324,1719,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF900D51FF5FF90EB462D2F2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1611,2034]" box="[199,1324,1719,1746]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FF5FF90EB000D2F2" bold="true" box="[199,334,1719,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Greek
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FD95F90EB322D2F2" box="[525,620,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">sýnchysi</emphasis>
|
||
(= confusion), alluding to the confusing history of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF900D50FF5FF962B0A9D300" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="338" pageId="4" pageNumber="337" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF900D51FF5FF962B59BD3D2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1611,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF900D51FF5FF962B016D2D6" bold="true" box="[199,344,1755,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colony encrusting, unilaminar, multiserial. Autozooids oval to rectangular (ZL 474±47, 406–596, 20; ZW 288±26, 255–356, 20), arranged in irregular series, zooids separated by shallow grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF900D51FB58F946B477D33A" box="[1216,1337,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hincksina synchysia n. sp., holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
), whitish translucent when dried. Vertical walls with two or more uniporous pore plates per neighbouring zooid. Development of gymnocyst reduced to proximal region and distolateral corner(s), cryptocyst a narrow band with a nodular surface, opesia extensive (OpL 372±30, 318–445, 20; OpW 205±15, 180–230, 20) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF900D51FC3AF8D2B577D3A5" box="[930,1081,1899,1926]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hincksina synchysia n. sp., holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Fig. 2A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Opercular region laterally with a pair of cylindrical to slightly flattened oral spines, more or less directing terminally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF900D51FBD6F836B58AD38A" box="[1102,1220,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hincksina synchysia n. sp., holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Fig. 2C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
); frontal membrane in mature zooids overarched by 6–9 cylindrical mural spines that slightly thin towards their tips while not reaching the zooidal mid-line, proximal spines shorter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF900D51FDF0F86EB3ACD3D2" box="[616,738,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hincksina synchysia n. sp., holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="337">Fig. 2A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
); all spines apparently unjointed at their base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="728FFA8CFF910D50FF0FFBE6B2A5D16C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" startId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF910D50FF0FFBE6B2A5D16C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1119,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FF0FFBE6B058D054" bold="true" box="[151,278,1119,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF910D50FE87FBE6B0BED054" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[287,496,1119,1143]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FE87FBE6B0BED054" box="[287,496,1119,1143]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Hincksina synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FE62FBE6B37BD054" bold="true" box="[506,565,1119,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF910D50FE62FBE6B37BD054" box="[506,565,1119,1143]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF910D50FF5FFAC4B0CCD227" blockId="5.[151,1437,1405,2044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
Ovicell usually endozooidal in distal avicularium but often in distal autozooid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF910D50FBDEFAC4B58CD1BB" box="[1094,1218,1405,1432]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hincksina synchysia n. sp., holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Fig. 2B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), ooecium continuous with the gymnocyst of the avicularian or autozooidal cystid forming a short but broad hemispherical cap (OvL 89±13, 67–115, 20; OvW 182±17, 154–213, 20), entire proximal margin slightly raised but without a distinctive peak (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF910D50FF43FA50B038D227" box="[219,374,1513,1540]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hincksina synchysia n. sp., holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Fig. 2B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF910D50FF5FF9B4B412D2DC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1405,2044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
Avicularia interzooidal, distal to many zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF910D50FD49F9B4B202D204" box="[721,844,1549,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1272,1296]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1249]" captionTargetId="figure-90@8.[151,1436,345,1249]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Hincksina sceletos (Busk, 1858).A. Overview of lectotype, the autozooids having relatively thin mural spines (NH- MUK 1899.7.1.1144). B. Close-up of autozooid; note the flattened, fan-shaped oral spines (lectotype, NHMUK 1899.7.1.1144). C. Two avicularia, the lower one showing the interior mandible with its muscle attachment scar and median lucida (lectotype, NHMUK 1899.7.1.1144). D. Ooecium (NHMUK 1908.3.23.1). E. Mural spines in lateral view (lectotype, NHMUK 1899.7.1.1144). F.Auto- and ovicellate zooids (NHMUK 1908.3.23.1). G. Several autozooids with thicker mural spines and the flattened oral spines viewed at a slightly oblique angle (NHMUK 1908.3.23.1). H. Periancestrular area showing the transition from thin, cylindrical, monomorphic spines in early astogenetic zooids to fully differentiated oral and mural spines in adult zooids (NHMUK 1908.3.23.1). Scale bars: A, F, H, 400 µm; B, C, 100 µm; D, E, 50 µm; G, 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775742" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775742/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Fig. 3A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
), particularly abundant in fertile colony regions, usually pointing distolaterally but often laterally, distally or even proximally, distinctly longer than wide and oval in outline, widest proximal to condyles, (AL 171±19, 140–213, 20; AW 112±7, 101–128, 20); rostrum semielliptical or rounded-triangular, occasionally with relatively pointed tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF910D50FCC8F9C0B2E7D2B0" box="[848,937,1657,1683]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hincksina synchysia n. sp., holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
), rostrum at an acute angle to colony surface, mandible hinged on a pair of short triangular condyles delimiting an approximately semicircular proximal area with an immersed calcified shelf (ML 97±12, 77–117, 20; MW 98±6, 87–110, 20), interior mandible with a large central oval lucida (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BECBB681FF910D50FEBAF95CB035D2DC" box="[290,379,1765,1791]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1119,1143]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetId="figure-20@5.[151,1436,181,1095]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Hincksina synchysia n. sp., holotype (MNHN-IB-2017-782), note that fragments of other organisms cover the surface of this unbleached specimen, some of which may be confused with oral or mural spines. A. Autozooids. B. Oblique view on auto- and ovicellate zooids to show the inclined rostra in some of the avicularia. C. Close-up of two autozooids and an avicularium, note the thin band of nodular cryptocyst in the lower left of the central zooid. D. Two zooids with ovicells produced by the distal avicularium at the far left, the three remaining ovicells are produced by the proximal gymnocyst of the distal autozooid, and one avicularium with a relatively pointed tip at lower right; note the nodular cryptocystal rim in the lower left of the central zooid. E. Close-up of an ovicell. Scale bars: A, B, D, 200 µm; C, E, 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5775740" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5775740/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
); gymnocyst usually reduced to cystid corners, occasionally better developed all around.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF910D50FF5FF8B0B0A9D300" blockId="5.[151,1437,1405,2044]" box="[199,487,1801,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Ancestrula not preserved.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6EEAF98FFF910D52FF5FF894B5B6D7EA" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="340" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF910D53FF5FF894B390D4DA" blockId="5.[151,1437,1405,2044]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2036]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="339" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FF5FF894B075D364" bold="true" box="[199,315,1837,1863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
There has been considerable confusion as to the identity of this taxon ever since it was introduced by Gautier as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF910D50FEA0F8E8B369D348" box="[312,551,1873,1899]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FEA0F8E8B369D348" box="[312,551,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Hincksina flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
f.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FDD1F8EBB390D348" box="[585,734,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
Calvet (MS) in 1962. Initially,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF910D50FBD0F8E8B590D348" author="Calvet, L." box="[1096,1246,1873,1899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref14725" refString="Calvet, L. (1902) Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette. Travaux de l'Institut de Zoologie de l'Universite de Montpellier et de la Station Zoologique de Cette Memoire, 11, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1902">Calvet (1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 31, pl. 1, fig. 3) recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF910D50FEB8F8CCB308D3AC" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[288,582,1909,1935]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FEB8F8CCB308D3AC" box="[288,582,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Membranipora flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Cette region (= Sète, Gulf of Lion, southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5EE7EA94FF910D50FB43F8CFB462D3B3" box="[1243,1324,1910,1936]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
), growing on basal thalli of a brown alga of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF910D50FDA1F823B3FFD397" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" box="[569,689,1946,1972]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Cystoseira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FDA1F823B3FFD397" box="[569,689,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">Cystoseira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF910D50FD20F820B396D390" box="[696,728,1945,1971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
group. The figure is detailed enough to distinguish this species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF910D50FF4FF807B03ED3F4" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[215,368,1981,2007]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FF4FF807B03ED3F4" box="[215,368,1981,2007]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">H. flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ooecia are produced from the distal avicularium (not from the distal autozooid as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF910D50FA19F807B042D3D8" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="5" pageNumber="338" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF910D50FA19F807B042D3D8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="338">H. flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the proximal ooecial margin lacks the prominent peak, the avicularia and mandibles are distinctly more elongated, and the flattened spines were not recorded to be bifid. Though not figured by Calvet, optical examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="F94B14A6FF920D53FE88FF02B005D4F6" box="[272,331,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">types</typeStatus>
|
||
furthermore corroborated the presence of an extensive uncalcified region at the spine bases as later depicted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FEB8FF66B367D4DB" author="Prenant, M. & Bobin, G." box="[288,553,222,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 647" refId="ref16944" refString="Prenant, M. & Bobin, G. (1966) Bryozoaires, deuxieme partie. Chilostomes Anasca. Faune de France. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 68, 1 - 647." type="journal article" year="1966">Prenant & Bobin (1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 62 II.–IV.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF920D53FF5FFEBBB234D5D1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
The collection from Sète is now housed at the MNHN where two original specimens were examined optically: MNHN-IB-2008-6104 (a small colony on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FDE3FE9FB3BDD563" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" box="[635,755,294,320]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Cystoseira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FDE3FE9FB3BDD563" box="[635,755,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Cystoseira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in ethanol, the label noting “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FBDBFE9CB062D540" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="flustroides" variety="crassispinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FBDBFE9CB424D51C" box="[1091,1386,293,319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Membranipora flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FF0FFEF3B062D540" box="[151,300,330,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, n° 52, Cette”, Brescou Island, Cap d’Agde), and MNHN-IB-2008-8224 (one colony on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FABCFEF3B4D2D547" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" box="[1316,1436,330,356]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Cystoseira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FABCFEF3B4D2D547" box="[1316,1436,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Cystoseira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in ethanol, the label is marked by a red dot and noting “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FC8FFED4B429D5A4" authority="Calvet." authorityName="Calvet." box="[791,1383,365,392]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="flustroides" variety="crassispinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FC8FFED4B570D5A4" box="[791,1086,365,391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Membranipora flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FBE1FED7B440D5A4" box="[1145,1294,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
Calvet.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Station Zoologique de Cette. Corr. Gautier
|
||
<date id="524E8CC4FF920D53FDC7FE28B39FD588" box="[607,721,401,427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" value="1960-06">Juin 1960</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FD45FE28B5D5D588" authority="Brescou" authorityName="Brescou" box="[733,1179,401,427]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="flustroides" variety="crassispinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FD45FE28B282D588" box="[733,972,401,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hincksina flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FB9EFE2BB5D5D588" box="[1030,1179,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, Brescou Island, Cap d’Agde). The specimens were studied using a stereomicroscope at the MNHN because preparation for SEM-imaging may be difficult or impossible without damaging the colonies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF920D53FF5FFE45B5F7D6A2" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
Judging by the labels of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="30F6618DFF920D53FD8EFE44B38CD635" box="[534,706,508,535]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, and according to the remarks in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FBD4FE45B5A1D635" author="Gautier, Y. V." box="[1100,1263,508,534]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref15648" refString="Gautier, Y. V. (1962) Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 38, 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1962">Gautier (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 51), Calvet himself must have changed his mind at some point after his 1902 publication, and regarded the Sète specimens he recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FE86FDFAB30AD67E" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[286,580,579,605]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FE86FDFAB30AD67E" box="[286,580,579,605]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Membranipora flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as distinct from the British species. He then re-labelled the specimens to account for the new variety, without, however, publishing this new taxon before he died in 1930.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF920D53FF5FFD32B399D7C5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
When revising Calvet’s collection at the Laboratoire de Biologie Marine de Sète in 1960, Y.V. Gautier came across these specimens, which then carried the name of the new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FC18FD16B579D6EA" box="[896,1079,687,713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" rank="variety" variety="intended">variety intended</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be given by Calvet. Gautier regarded these specimens to be identical with his own material from the Ligurian coast (N
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5EE7EA94FF920D53FB32FD6BB591D6CE" box="[1194,1247,722,749]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and the Siculo- Tunisian region, and presented the new form as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FD5DFD4FB2FBD733" box="[709,949,758,784]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FD5DFD4FB2FBD733" box="[709,949,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hincksina flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
f.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FC41FD4EB520D733" box="[985,1134,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
, crediting Calvet with the authorship (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FE86FCA3B0F9D717" author="Gautier, Y. V." box="[286,439,794,820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref15648" refString="Gautier, Y. V. (1962) Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 38, 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1962">Gautier 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 50). The figure Gautier added to the description (1962, fig. 8), however, was not of Calvet’s but of one of his own specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5EE7EA94FF920D53FD3CFC84B396D774" box="[676,728,829,855]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which has thin cylindrical spines without any apparent organic joints. This is inconsistent with the name
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FDF4FCDBB24FD758" box="[620,769,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
(from the Latin
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FC24FCDBB55ED758" box="[956,1040,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassus</emphasis>
|
||
= thick), with the original drawing by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FF22FC3CB000D7BC" author="Calvet, L." box="[186,334,901,927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref14725" refString="Calvet, L. (1902) Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette. Travaux de l'Institut de Zoologie de l'Universite de Montpellier et de la Station Zoologique de Cette Memoire, 11, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1902">Calvet (1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1, fig. 3), and indeed with the morphology of the two Calvet specimens from Sète that do have flattened and distinctly jointed spines. Neither of the two colonies Gautier reported, which grow on the inner side of bivalve shells, contain zooids with flattened spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF920D53FF5FFC48B58CD10B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
It is impossible to retrace why Gautier thought that his specimens were identical with Calvet’s given the difference in spine morphology. Although spine shape may indeed vary from cylindrical to flattened within the same colony in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FE9EFB81B09ED071" box="[262,464,1080,1106]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FE9EFB81B036D071" box="[262,376,1080,1106]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hincksina</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FDFDFB81B244D070" author="Gautier, Y. V." box="[613,778,1080,1107]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref15648" refString="Gautier, Y. V. (1962) Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 38, 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1962">Gautier (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not mention this variability to occur in a single colony, while he did state that the morphotype with thin spines (i.e. the new form) is found more often in the Mediterranean Sea than the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FEE7FBC6B0BAD0BA" box="[383,500,1151,1177]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FEE7FBC6B0BAD0BA" box="[383,500,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<typeStatus id="F94B14A6FF920D53FE64FB39B360D0B9" box="[508,558,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">type</typeStatus>
|
||
with flattened spines (i.e. Calvet’s material). Thus, he did not realise that the specimens originally recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FD88FB1AB278D09E" authorityName="Hincks" authorityYear="1877" box="[528,822,1187,1213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FD88FB1AB278D09E" box="[528,822,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Membranipora flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FCF9FB1AB2B2D09E" author="Calvet, L." box="[865,1020,1187,1213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref14725" refString="Calvet, L. (1902) Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette. Travaux de l'Institut de Zoologie de l'Universite de Montpellier et de la Station Zoologique de Cette Memoire, 11, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1902">Calvet (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the specimens he found labelled as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FF2DFB7EB3EBD0C3" box="[181,677,1223,1249]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Membraniporidae" genus="Membranipora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="flustroides" variety="crassispinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FF2DFB7EB094D0C2" box="[181,474,1223,1249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Membranipora flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FD88FB7EB3EBD0C3" box="[528,677,1223,1248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were identical. This is demonstrated by the fact that Gautier regarded
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FF20FB53B02AD127" author="Calvet, L." box="[184,356,1258,1284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 103" refId="ref14725" refString="Calvet, L. (1902) Bryozoaires marins de la region de Cette. Travaux de l'Institut de Zoologie de l'Universite de Montpellier et de la Station Zoologique de Cette Memoire, 11, 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1902">Calvet’s (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original record of the specimens on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FD60FB52B23ED126" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" box="[760,880,1259,1285]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Cystoseira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FD60FB52B23ED126" box="[760,880,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Cystoseira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as synonymous with the specimens he considered to belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FEBCFAB7B35FD10B" box="[292,529,1294,1320]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FEBCFAB7B35FD10B" box="[292,529,1294,1320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hincksina flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the same work on the previous page (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FC4FFAB7B521D10B" author="Gautier, Y. V." box="[983,1135,1294,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref15648" refString="Gautier, Y. V. (1962) Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 38, 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1962">Gautier 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 49).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF920D53FF5FFA8BB36AD1F8" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
Moreover, the measurements
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FD8EFA8BB3F2D16E" author="Gautier, Y. V." box="[534,700,1330,1357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 434" refId="ref15648" refString="Gautier, Y. V. (1962) Recherches ecologiques sur les Bryozoaires Chilostomes en Mediterranee occidentale. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume, 38, 1 - 434." type="journal article" year="1962">Gautier (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FCD7FA8AB2A9D16F" box="[847,999,1330,1356]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FCD7FA8AB2A9D16F" box="[847,999,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">H. flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
f.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FB9FFA8AB5D2D16F" box="[1031,1180,1331,1356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
do not match with the dimensions of the zooids in his fig. 8. Whereas he reported zooid lengths between 0.65–0.75 mm, the depicted zooids are merely 0.47 mm long on average. Both the scale bar and the drawing he provided are therefore correct as they exactly match the measurements taken on Gautier’s specimen during the present study, while the measurements given by him are clearly erroneous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF920D53FF5FFA5DB336D2DA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
Accordingly, Gautier introduced
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FDA6FA5DB263D1DD" box="[574,813,1508,1534]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FDA6FA5DB263D1DD" box="[574,813,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hincksina flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
f.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FCD7FA5CB2AAD1DD" box="[847,996,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
based on his own specimens and concept, not on Calvet’s, which would make Gautier the author of the form. In the literature, Calvet was occasionally given as author of the form (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FD9AF994B38FD265" author="De Blauwe, H." box="[514,705,1580,1607]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" refId="ref15288" refString="De Blauwe, H. (2009) Mosdiertjes van de Zuidelijke bocht van de Noordzee: Determinatiewerk voor Belgie en Nederland. Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee, Oostende, 445 pp." type="book" year="2009">De Blauwe 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and it is presently regarded as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FB4AF994B427D265" box="[1234,1385,1580,1606]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FB4AF994B427D265" box="[1234,1385,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">H. flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FF0FF9E9B0C1D249" author="Bock, P. E. & Gordon, D. P." box="[151,399,1616,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" refId="ref14516" refString="Bock, P. E. & Gordon, D. P. (2021) World List of Bryozoa. Hincksina flustroides crassispinata Gautier, 1962. Available from: http: // marinespecies. org / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 111785 (accessed 25 February 2021)." type="url" year="2021">Bock & Gordon 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The discussion on authorship is vain, however, owing to the fact that Gautier’s form has to be regarded as infrasubspecific because, to our knowledge, it has not been adopted as a valid name of a species or subspecies before 1985. According to Article 45.6.4.1 of the ICZN Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FC78F92EB526D292" author="ICZN" box="[992,1128,1687,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" refId="ref16313" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the name
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FB74F921B4CFD292" box="[1260,1409,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">crassispinata</emphasis>
|
||
is therefore unavailable, and a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FDFFF902B203D2F6" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[615,845,1723,1749]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FDFFF902B203D2F6" box="[615,845,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hincksina synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FCCBF902B2DFD2F6" bold="true" box="[851,913,1723,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF920D53FCCBF902B2DFD2F6" box="[851,913,1723,1749]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, is here introduced for Gautier’s material from Punta Carega on the Italian Ligurian coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF920D53FF5FF8BBB46FD3D0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FF5FF8BBB0E2D33F" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,428,1794,1820]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FF5FF8BBB0E2D33F" box="[199,428,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hincksina synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FE2AF8BBB0BED33F" bold="true" box="[434,496,1794,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF920D53FE2AF8BBB0BED33F" box="[434,496,1794,1820]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is clearly distinct from Hincks’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FCCDF8BAB2A2D33F" box="[853,1004,1794,1820]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FCCDF8BAB2A2D33F" box="[853,1004,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">H. flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that it has distinctly more elongated avicularia with rounded triangular rostra and mandibles, and the spines were not observed to be bifid in the examined material. Moreover, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FE53F8F3B3FED347" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[459,688,1866,1892]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FE53F8F3B3FED347" box="[459,688,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">Hincksina synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FD2DF8F3B3BDD347" bold="true" box="[693,755,1866,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF920D53FD2DF8F3B3BDD347" box="[693,755,1866,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the ooecium is produced by both distal autozooids and avicularia. In all other previously established species the ooecium is formed either by the distal autozooid (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FB64F8D7B4DDD3A4" box="[1276,1427,1901,1927]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="flustroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FB64F8D7B4DDD3A4" box="[1276,1427,1901,1927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">H. flustroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or by the distal avicularium (in the remaining species described herein). The Mediterranean populations figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FF0FF80CB005D3EC" author="Harmelin, J. - G." box="[151,331,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="49 - 63" refId="ref15777" refString="Harmelin, J. - G. (1988) Les Bryozoaires, de bons indicateurs bathymetriques en paleoecologie? Geologie Mediterraneenne, 15, 49 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / geolm. 1988.1394" type="journal article" year="1988">Harmelin (1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 1, fig, 4, but not fig. 5, which is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FD45F80FB229D3EC" authorityName="Reverter-Gil, Souto & Fernandez-Pulpeiro" authorityYear="2012" box="[733,871,1973,1999]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="calpensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FD45F80FB229D3EC" box="[733,871,1973,1999]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">H. calpensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FCE5F80CB5EDD3EC" author="Zabala, M. & Maluquer, P." box="[893,1187,1973,1999]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 294" refId="ref17756" refString="Zabala, M. & Maluquer, P. (1988) Illustrated keys for the classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa. Treballs del Museu de Zoologia, 4, 1 - 294." type="journal article" year="1988">Zabala & Maluquer (1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, text-fig. 86, pl. 3, fig. A), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF920D53FF6AF860B360D3D0" author="Chimenz Gusso, C. & Nicoletti, L. & Bondanese, C." box="[242,558,2009,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" pagination="1 - 330" refId="ref15101" refString="Chimenz Gusso, C., Nicoletti, L. & Bondanese, C. (2014) Briozoi. Biologia Marina Mediterranea, 20 (Supplement 1), 1 - 330." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Chimenz Gusso
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FE33F863B0AAD3D0" box="[427,484,2009,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 40a, b), are here regarded to also belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF920D53FBD5F863B592D3D0" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[1101,1244,2009,2035]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FBD5F863B592D3D0" box="[1101,1244,2009,2035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">H. synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF920D53FB7BF860B46FD3D0" bold="true" box="[1251,1313,2009,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF920D53FB7BF860B46FD3D0" box="[1251,1313,2009,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="339" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF930D52FF5FFF2EB312D642" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
Other Mediterranean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF930D52FE58FF2EB325D492" author="Hayward, P. J." box="[448,619,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" pagination="369 - 402" refId="ref15979" refString="Hayward, P. J. (1974) Studies on the cheilostome bryozoan fauna of the Aegean island of Chios. Journal of Natural History, 8, 369 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937400770321" type="journal article" year="1974">Hayward 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, NHMUK 2009.10.12.4) and eastern Atlantic records (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E43464E6FF930D52FB4AFF2EB47BD492" box="[1234,1333,151,177]" country="Portugal" name="Madeira" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Madeira</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF930D52FAD8FF2EB19CD4F6" author="Norman, A. M." pageId="7" pageNumber="340" pagination="275 - 314" refId="ref16537" refString="Norman, A. M. (1909) The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighbouring islands. Journal of the Linnean Society, Zoology, 30, 275 - 314. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1909. tb 02407. x" type="journal article" year="1909">Norman 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, NHMUK 1911.10.1.346; Canary Islands:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF930D52FD34FF02B2C1D4F6" author="Aristegui Ruiz, J." box="[684,911,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" pagination="1 - 266" refId="ref14116" refString="Aristegui Ruiz, J. (1984) Estudio faunistico y ecologico de los Briozoos quilostomados (Ectoprocta, Cheilostomata) del circalitoral de Tenerife. Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de La Laguna, Coleccion Monografias, 13, 1 - 266." type="journal article" year="1984">Arístegui Ruiz 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 56, fig. 11) are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF930D52FB52FF02B417D4F6" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[1226,1369,187,213]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FB52FF02B590D4F7" box="[1226,1246,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FB74FF02B417D4F6" box="[1260,1369,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FAC6FF02B4D2D4F6" bold="true" box="[1374,1436,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF930D52FAC6FF02B4D2D4F6" box="[1374,1436,187,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in spine and avicularium morphology but have to be left in open nomenclature as more material needs to be analysed morphologically and genetically before a decision can be made. While
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF930D52FC32FEBAB50CD53E" box="[938,1090,259,285]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FC32FEBAB552D53E" box="[938,1052,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Hincksina</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5EE7EA94FF930D52FB73FEBAB403D53E" box="[1259,1357,259,285]" name="Portugal" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, as figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4261D7F5FF930D52FF69FE9EB0F6D562" author="Souto, J. & Reverter Gil, O. & De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E." box="[241,440,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" pagination="129 - 150" refId="ref17374" refString="Souto, J., Reverter Gil, O., De Blauwe, H. & Fernandez Pulpeiro, E. (2014) New records of bryozoans from Portugal. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 55, 129 - 150." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Souto
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FEA0FE9EB021D562" box="[312,367,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 3E, F), differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF930D52FD52FE9EB216D562" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[714,856,295,321]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FD52FE9EB390D563" box="[714,734,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">H</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FD73FE9EB216D562" box="[747,856,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FCC6FE9EB2D2D562" bold="true" box="[862,924,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF930D52FCC6FE9EB2D2D562" box="[862,924,295,321]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in a few aspects (e.g. the common presence of kenozooids replacing avicularia; O. Reverter-Gil, pers. comm. 2021), the authors showed that both cylindrical and flattened spines can occur in zooids of the same colony that grow on different sides of a rock. It may thus be possible that Gautier’s and Calvet’s morphotypes are actually synonymous. For instance, the thicker spines in the specimens from Sète could represent an ecophenotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF930D52FD3CFE0EB27DD5F2" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[676,819,439,465]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FD3CFE0EB27DD5F2" box="[676,819,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">H. synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FCA3FE0EB234D5F2" bold="true" box="[827,890,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF930D52FCA3FE0EB234D5F2" box="[827,890,439,465]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
that, when growing on soft erect algae or on the exposed side of a rock, produces thicker spines in order to protect the frontal membrane from touching of the algal blades or from stronger currents with bedload, respectively. In contrast, the colonies on the underside of rocks or on the concave inner sides of bivalve shells, as in Gautier’s material, may be better protected in their microenvironment and thus produce thin cylindrical spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF930D52FF5FFDD2B003D77E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
On the other hand, bryozoan species growing on soft algal blades or seagrass leaves are often particularly adapted to life on a flexible substratum and specifically different from congeners encrusting stable substrata. The extensive and distinct cuticular area at the base of the jointed spines in Calvet’s colonies that grow on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF930D52FA93FD0AB4CDD6EE" authorityName="C. Agardh" authorityYear="1820" box="[1291,1411,691,717]" class="Phaeophyceae" family="Sargassaceae" genus="Cystoseira" kingdom="Chromista" order="Fucales" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" phylum="Ochrophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FA93FD0AB4CDD6EE" box="[1291,1411,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Cystoseira</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very likely one such adaptation, preventing breakage of the protective spines. In contrast, the spines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF930D52FAB3FD6EB04AD736" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FAB3FD6EB04AD736" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Hincksina synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FE95FD42B003D736" bold="true" box="[269,333,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF930D52FE95FD42B003D736" box="[269,333,763,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are apparently unjointed as the dark bands that indicate organic tissue in SEM images could not be observed in the examined specimens. Considering these differences, we regard the two morphotypes as distinct species for now.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="264FAA04FF930D52FF5FFCDEB5B6D7EA" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
The study of additional material from different regions, environments and microhabitats, assisted by genetic analyses, is necessary in order to assess the morphological variability and ecological preferences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF930D52FB68FC32B431D786" authority="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira, 2021" authorityName="Berning & Spencer Jones & Vieira" authorityYear="2021" box="[1264,1407,907,933]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="synchysia" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FB68FC32B431D786" box="[1264,1407,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">H. synchysia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FA1EFC32B1F6D7EA" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FB7CB6DFF930D52FA1EFC32B1F6D7EA" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and to reveal its relationships with other Mediterranean and NE Atlantic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F0D187FF930D52FC6DFC16B529D7EA" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[1013,1127,943,969]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Flustridae" genus="Hincksina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="340" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14847616FF930D52FC6DFC16B529D7EA" box="[1013,1127,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="340">Hincksina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |