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<document id="A5AB74AA64F6198FCF830A054AA297CF" ID-CLB-Dataset="202083" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb97b9dd-2acc-4244-8f30-72bef07b9ed9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7345007" ID-ZooBank="5754769C-B747-4714-BDD9-7D5509D48BEB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669101340847" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-García, Margarita M. &amp; Deloya, Cuauhtémoc" docDate="2022" docId="A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5211.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5211 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5211.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Euligyrus similis López-García &amp; Deloya 2022, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="5E303143FD5FFF81AF311956FFBEBC61" masterDocTitle="Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision" masterLastPageNumber="119" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699396337306" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D1BE30A97D8AE453AED3DAADD278C7D4">Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A03FB990C6915E254A7B5997F4020FD6">López-García, Margarita M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3FF5E836F473E5332D11C7EFCA0CA62A">Deloya, Cuauhtémoc</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7383751" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205794505" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7383751" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4DFF93AFA61FF4FCB0BADD" blockId="18.[151,998,1698,1761]" box="[151,782,1698,1725]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="71574F41FD4DFF93AFA61FF4FCB0BADD" bold="true" box="[151,782,1698,1725]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="4">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4DFF93AFA61FF4FCB0BADD" bold="true" box="[151,782,1698,1725]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4DFF93AFA61FF4FD8EBADD" authority="(Endrodi, 1968)" authorityName="López-García &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Endrodi" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[151,560,1698,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Euligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4DFF93AFA61FF4FEDABADC" bold="true" box="[151,356,1698,1725]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euligyrus similis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4DFF93AE441FF4FD96BADD" author="Endrodi, S." box="[373,552,1698,1724]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="161 - 177" refId="ref89740" refString="Endrodi, S. (1968) Neue Arten der Pentodontini. (Col. Dynastinae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 21, 161 - 177." type="journal article" year="1968">Endrödi, 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03E79944FD4DFF93AD091FF5FCB0BADD" box="[568,782,1698,1725]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4DFF93AFA61F91FC58BA80" box="[151,998,1734,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4DFF93AFA61F91FC58BA80" blockId="18.[151,998,1698,1761]" box="[151,998,1734,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AFAE1F91FEBDBA80" box="[159,259,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-24@82.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labium. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus, C) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, F) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, G) Euligyrus ebenus, H) E. similis, I) Tomarus gyas, J) Tomarus selanderi, K) Tomarus subtropicus. Abbreviations: LL: Ligular lobes, LP: Labial palpus, M: Mentum, S: Suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345015/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 2H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AE3E1F91FE8DBA80" box="[271,307,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="83.[151,250,998,1022]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,185,967]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[151,1436,181,974]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 3. Maxilla. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Numeration of teeth of galea: D) Euligyrus similis, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) Tomarus gyas, G) L. (Ligyrus) fossor, H) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345017/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AE0E1F91FEDABA80" box="[319,356,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-81@83.[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maxilla. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus gyas, G) Tomarus maternus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345023/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AE5E1F90FE2ABA80" box="[367,404,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="84.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[188,1400,181,907]" captionTargetId="figure-24@84.[188,1400,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 5. Mandible. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus rostratus, G) T. gyas, H) T. maternus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">5A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AE911F91FE5BBA80" box="[416,485,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1391,1415]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,184,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-17@85.[151,1436,181,1368]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 7. Left hindwing in ventral view. A, C) Euligyrus similis, B, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, F) Tomarus gyas, G) T. maternus, H) T. rostratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345031/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">7A, C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AEC01F91FDFABA80" box="[497,580,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,1204,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-84@87.[151,1436,1195,1781]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 10. Protarsus and inner claw. A–B) Euligyrus similis, C–E) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) sallaei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345047/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">10A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AD7E1F91FD3FBA80" box="[591,641,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,186,899]" captionTargetId="figure-24@88.[231,1357,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345051/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">11A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93ADBC1F91FD43BA80" box="[653,765,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">12A, 12G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AC381F90FC84BA80" box="[777,826,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">15B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AC771F91FCC9BA80" box="[838,887,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1215,1239]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,188,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-24@92.[151,1436,181,1191]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 17. Parameres in lateral view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus; E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345073/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">17B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93ACB31F91FC0ABA80" box="[898,948,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="99.[151,250,883,907]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,185,844]" captionTargetId="figure-17@99.[151,1436,181,859]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 24. Habitus. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345095/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">24B</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93ACF11F91FC63BA80" box="[960,989,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[225,1368,181,1018]" captionTargetId="figure-24@106.[219,1368,181,1023]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distributional records of the genus Euligyrus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345117/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">31</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4DFF93AFA61E5AFD5ABB42" blockId="18.[151,1436,1803,1920]" box="[151,740,1803,1827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0AB0DF03FD4DFF93AFA61E5AFD5ABB42" box="[151,740,1803,1827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitation id="AB01DE3CFD4DFF93AFA61E5AFE44BB42" author="Endrodi, S." box="[151,506,1803,1827]" page="166" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1968">
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4DFF93AFA61E5AFE44BB42" authority="Endrodi, 1968: 166" authorityName="Endrodi" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,506,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4DFF93AFA61E5AFE93BB42" box="[151,301,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ligyrus similis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4DFF93AE021E5DFE44BB42" author="Endrodi, S." box="[307,506,1803,1827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="161 - 177" refId="ref89740" refString="Endrodi, S. (1968) Neue Arten der Pentodontini. (Col. Dynastinae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 21, 161 - 177." type="journal article" year="1968">Endrödi, 1968: 166</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Original combination.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4DFF93ADD81E5DFC84BB1E" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4DFF93ADD81E5DFC84BB1E" blockId="18.[151,1436,1803,1920]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Male
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD4DFF93AC121E5DFCC2BB42" box="[803,892,1803,1827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(HNHM) “
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4DFF93ACC01E5DFBE7BB42" box="[1009,1113,1803,1827]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
/ Maracay / ges
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4DFF93AA311E5AFAF8BB42" box="[1280,1350,1803,1827]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. Vogl</collectorName>
//
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD4DFF93AA501E5DFF40BB23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">Holotypus</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4DFF93AE201E7CFEDEBB23" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[273,352,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ligyrus</taxonomicName>
/ similis / Endr.”. Male
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD4DFF93AD621E7CFD14BB23" box="[595,682,1834,1858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(HNHM) “
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4DFF93AC111E7CFC36BB23" box="[800,904,1834,1858]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
/ Maracay / ges
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4DFF93AB1E1E7CFBCBBB23" box="[1071,1141,1834,1858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. Vogl</collectorName>
// Jan.-Febr. / 1935 //
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD4DFF93AA621E7CFF54BB01" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="allotype">Allotypus</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4DFF93AFCC1E1EFEF2BB01" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[253,332,1864,1888]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ligyrus</taxonomicName>
/ similis / Endr.”. Male
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD4DFF93AD0D1E1FFD2DBB00" box="[572,659,1865,1889]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(HNHM) “
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4DFF93AC391E1EFCCEBB01" box="[776,880,1864,1888]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
/ Maracay / ges
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4DFF93AB271E1FFBE2BB01" box="[1046,1116,1864,1888]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. Vogl</collectorName>
// Jan.-Febr. / 1935 //
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD4DFF93AA091E1FFA22BB00" box="[1336,1436,1865,1889]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">Paratypus</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4DFF93AFE41E31FE9ABB1E" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[213,292,1895,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ligyrus</taxonomicName>
/ similis / Endr.” Type locality:
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4DFF93AD591E3EFD7CBBE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4DFF93AD591E3EFD7CBBE1" box="[616,706,1896,1920]" country="Venezuela" name="Maracay" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Maracay</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4DFF93ADFA1E31FC89BB1E" box="[715,823,1895,1919]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4DFF92AFA61EFBFCF7BE00" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4DFF92AFA61EFBFCF7BE00" blockId="18.[151,1437,1965,2028]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1437,151,1725]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4DFF93AFA61EFBFE97BBA6" bold="true" box="[151,297,1965,1991]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</emphasis>
Habitus as in
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4DFF93AEFD1EFBFD8CBBA6" box="[460,562,1965,1991]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="99.[151,250,883,907]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,185,844]" captionTargetId="figure-17@99.[151,1436,181,859]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 24. Habitus. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345095/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
. Length 25.0–
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD4DFF93ADE51EFBFC85BBA9" box="[724,827,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="27.5">27.5 mm</quantity>
; humeral width 12.0–
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD4DFF93AB031EFBFB27BBA9" box="[1074,1177,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
. Color brown to black.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4DFF93AFA61E87FF5EBB8A" bold="true" box="[151,224,2001,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Head:</emphasis>
Frons concave between eyes and before frontal tubercles; surface deeply rugose, nearly smooth on vertex and only with sparse, deep punctures. Frontoclypeal region with 2 tumescences separated by 1.2 times a tumescence width. Clypeal surface transversely rugose. Clypeus trapezoidal, base 1.8 times as wide as apex (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4CFF92ABE619EDFA8EBCB4" box="[1239,1328,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Clypeal teeth transverse to widely triangular, widely separated (4 times a tooth diameter). Mandible with 2 apical and 1 lateral large, acute tooth, the apical teeth equal in size and shape. Interocular distance equal to 3.5 times an eye width. Antennal club short.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AEB21871FDBBBD20" bold="true" box="[387,517,295,321]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pronotum:</emphasis>
Surface with minute, sparse punctures. Apical tubercle rounded. Fovea triangular to oval, narrow (about 1/3 narrower than interocular distance) (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4CFF92AC66181DFC03BD04" box="[855,957,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="99.[151,250,883,907]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,185,844]" captionTargetId="figure-17@99.[151,1436,181,859]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 24. Habitus. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345095/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 24B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ACE1181DFB98BD04" bold="true" box="[976,1062,331,357]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Elytra:</emphasis>
First interval punctate, punctures similar in other intervals. Inner surface of apex with small tubercles not forming parallel lines.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ABEB1838FAE6BDE9" bold="true" box="[1242,1368,366,392]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Apex of tergite IV with irregular tubercles-like scales. Pygidial surface with deep, evenly sparse punctures, becoming nearly smooth on basal 3rd. Strongly (male) to slightly (female) convex in lateral view.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ABB018E1FB7CBDB0" bold="true" box="[1153,1218,439,465]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Legs:</emphasis>
Protibia tridentate, basal tooth distant from others (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4CFF92AD37188DFDD1BD94" box="[518,623,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,186,899]" captionTargetId="figure-24@88.[231,1357,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345051/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
). Protarsus enlarged; inner claw bifid (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4CFF92AB1F188DFB04BD94" box="[1070,1210,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1805,1829]" captionTargetBox="[156,1428,1204,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-84@87.[151,1436,1195,1781]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 10. Protarsus and inner claw. A–B) Euligyrus similis, C–E) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) sallaei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345047/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10A–B</figureCitation>
). Metatibia not narrowed before apex, sides nearly parallel (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4CFF92AD6E18A9FD78BE78" box="[607,710,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
). Apex of metatibia crenulate, with 6–7 spinules.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ABDB18A9FA22BE79" bold="true" box="[1258,1436,510,537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
Spiculum gastrale with oval apex. Parameres slender; with apex acute; apices slightly expanded outwards; ventral margin with a medial, small tooth each side (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4CFF92ADBF1B11FD40BE00" box="[654,766,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[154,1430,183,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-24@90.[151,1436,181,1512]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 15. Parameres in frontal view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus, E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, H) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, I) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, J) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, K) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, L) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) fossor, M) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, N) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, O) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, P) L. (Ligyrus) paranaensis, Q) L. (Ligyrus) peninsularis, R) L. (Ligyrus) rubripes, S) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, T) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345063/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 15B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4CFF92AC3B1B11FC82BE00" box="[778,828,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1215,1239]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,188,1184]" captionTargetId="figure-24@92.[151,1436,181,1191]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 17. Parameres in lateral view. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, D) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) cuniculus; E) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345073" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345073/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">17B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4CFF92AFF61B3CFCBCBEE4" box="[199,770,618,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4CFF92AFF61B3CFCBCBEE4" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1725]" box="[199,770,618,645]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFF61B3CFEFCBEE5" bold="true" box="[199,322,618,644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
See the
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AE901B3CFDAABEE5" bold="true" box="[417,532,618,644]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis</emphasis>
of
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4CFF92AD081B3DFD45BEE4" authorityName="López-García &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="De Geer" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[569,763,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Euligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebenus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD081B3DFD45BEE4" box="[569,763,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Euligyrus ebenus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4CFF92AFF61BD8FCFBBB48" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4CFF92AFF61BD8FE18BE90" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFF61BD8FEDFBEC9" bold="true" box="[199,353,654,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AE591BD9FE60BEC8" box="[360,478,655,681]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AEDB1BD9FDF7BEC8" box="[490,585,655,681]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AD641BD9FD22BEC8" box="[597,668,655,681]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AD991BD9FD43BEC8" box="[680,765,655,681]" name="Bolivia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AC381BD9FC81BEC8" box="[777,831,655,681]" name="Peru" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AC7A1BD9FC13BEC8" box="[843,941,655,681]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AC8B1BD9FBAABEC8" box="[954,1044,655,681]" name="Guyana" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Guyana</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AB111BD9FB35BEC8" box="[1056,1163,655,681]" name="Suriname" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Suriname</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4CFF92ABAB1BD9FA87BEC8" author="Endrodi, S." box="[1178,1337,654,681]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref89854" refString="Endrodi, S. (1985) The Dynastinae of the World. W. Junk, Dordrecht, 800 pp." type="book" year="1985">Endrödi 1985</bibRefCitation>
), French Guiana (
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4CFF92AFC71BE5FE4FBEAC" author="Escalona, H. E. &amp; Joly, L. J." box="[246,497,691,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="111 - 137" refId="ref89956" refString="Escalona, H. E. &amp; Joly, L. J. (2006) El genero Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 39, 111 - 137." type="journal article" year="2006">Escalona &amp; Joly 2006</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AD351BE5FDCCBEAC" box="[516,626,691,717]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4CFF92ADB11BE5FCDCBEAC" author="Neita-Moreno, J. C." box="[640,866,691,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="17 - 27" refId="ref91766" refString="Neita-Moreno, J. C. (2011) Escarabajos (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) del departamento de Choco, Colombia. Revista Biodiversidad Neotropical, 1, 17 - 27." type="journal article" year="2011">Neita-Moreno 2011</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AC441BE5FC70BEAC" box="[885,974,691,717]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4CFF92ACED1BE5FB3CBEAC" author="Ratcliffe, B. C." box="[988,1154,691,717]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 506" refId="ref92614" refString="Ratcliffe, B. C. (2003) The dynastine scarab beetles of Costa Rica and Panama. Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 16, 1 - 506." type="journal article" year="2003">Ratcliffe 2003</bibRefCitation>
), and
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92ABF21BE5FA83BEAC" box="[1219,1341,691,717]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(LópezGarcía &amp; Deloya 2018).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4CFF92AFF61BACFAB5BA30" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFF61BACFE41BF75" bold="true" box="[199,511,762,789]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Locality records (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4CFF92AEAA1BACFE4EBF75" box="[411,496,762,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 31" captionStartId="106.[151,250,1047,1071]" captionTargetBox="[225,1368,181,1018]" captionTargetId="figure-24@106.[219,1368,181,1023]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="FIGURE 31. Distributional records of the genus Euligyrus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345117/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
157 examined specimens from ANDES, CEIOC, CERPE, FSCA, HNHM, IAvH, ICN, IEXA, LEUC, MEFLG, MEKRB, MN/UFRJ, MZUSP, UNAB, UNSM, USNM. Some data from CMNC and
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4CFF92AFA61A15FE12BF3C" author="Escalona, H. E. &amp; Joly, L. J." box="[151,428,835,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="111 - 137" refId="ref89956" refString="Escalona, H. E. &amp; Joly, L. J. (2006) El genero Ligyrus Burmeister, 1847 en Venezuela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini). Boletin Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 39, 111 - 137." type="journal article" year="2006">Escalona &amp; Joly (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AE8B1A14FD69BF3D" bold="true" box="[442,727,834,860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AE8B1A14FD8CBF3D" box="[442,562,834,860]" name="Bolivia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
(7). Beni (3):
</emphasis>
Guayaramerin; Rurrenabaque.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AB701A14FABEBF3D" bold="true" box="[1089,1280,834,860]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Santa Cruz (4):</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="C37E80A1FD4CFF92AA3B1A15FA26BF3C" box="[1290,1432,835,861]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Buena Vista</collectingCounty>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AFA61A31FF65BFE0" box="[151,219,871,897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fauna</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AFCE1A31FE3CBFE0" box="[255,386,871,897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Flora Hotel</collectorName>
,
<locationDeviation id="3BADE10FFD4CFF92AEBF1A31FD26BFE0" box="[398,664,871,897]" location="Buena Vista." pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD4CFF92AEBF1A31FE62BFE0" box="[398,476,871,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="3.7">3.7 km</quantity>
SS Buena Vista.
</locationDeviation>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ADAF1A30FC6DBFE1" bold="true" box="[670,979,870,897]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92ADAF1A30FCB6BFE1" box="[670,776,870,896]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
(75). Amapá (8):
</emphasis>
Amapá; Porto Santana.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ABD21A30FA2BBFE1" bold="true" box="[1251,1429,870,896]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Amazonas (28)</emphasis>
. Coarí; Benjamin Constant,
<collectingMunicipality id="CA7B6257FD4CFF92AEE01ADDFDEDBFC4" box="[465,595,907,933]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Río Itecoal</collectingMunicipality>
; Ipixuna,
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92ADF61ADDFCDCBFC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92ADF61ADDFCDCBFC4" box="[711,866,907,933]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Rio Gregorio" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Río Gregorio</location>
; Lago Grande; Itacoatiara,
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92ABAD1ADDFAEFBFC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92ABAD1ADDFAEFBFC4" box="[1180,1361,907,933]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Costa do Siripa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Costa do Siripá</location>
; Manaus;
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AFFD1AF9FE85BFA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AFFD1AF9FE85BFA8" box="[204,315,943,969]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Rio Preto" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Río Preto</location>
; Terezinha,
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AEF31AF9FDCABFA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AEF31AF9FDCABFA8" box="[450,628,943,969]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Jiha de Careiro." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Jiha de Careiro.</location>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD4A1AF8FD4EBFA9" bold="true" box="[635,752,942,969]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Goiás (4):</emphasis>
Campinas. Cristalina.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ACC31AF9FB1FBFA9" bold="true" box="[1010,1185,942,969]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Marahnão (4):</emphasis>
Carolina Pov; Campo Grande;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AFC91A85FDBEBF8C" box="[248,512,979,1005]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fortaleza dos Nogueira</collectorName>
, Fazenda Santa Maria; Mirador Parque Estadual, Povoado Pindaiba.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AA331A85FF7FB871" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mato Grosso (2):</emphasis>
Utiariti,
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AE191AA1FE7CB870" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AE191AA1FE7CB870" box="[296,450,1015,1041]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Rio Papagaio" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Rio Papagaio</location>
;
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AEFF1AA0FD29B871" bold="true" box="[462,663,1014,1040]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Mina Gerais (1):</emphasis>
Unaí, Faz; Bolivia.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AC4D1AA1FC4BB871" bold="true" box="[892,1013,1014,1041]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Para (28):</emphasis>
Cachimbo; Corcovado, Breves; Maicuru; Oriximiná;
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AE681D4DFD90B854" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AE681D4DFD90B854" box="[345,558,1051,1077]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Rio Javi-Caracuru." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Río Javi-Caracurú.</location>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD051D4CFC7FB855" bold="true" box="[564,961,1050,1076]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AD051D4CFD6FB855" box="[564,721,1050,1076]" name="Colombia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
(13). Amazonas (4):
</emphasis>
Leticia.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AB151D4CFB73B855" bold="true" box="[1060,1229,1050,1076]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Antioquia (1):</emphasis>
Apartadó.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AA7B1D4CFF7FB839" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Caldas (1):</emphasis>
Palestina, Vereda Santágueda, Granja Montelindo,
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AC2B1D69FBB3B838" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AC2B1D69FBB3B838" box="[794,1037,1087,1113]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Valle de Santagueda." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Valle de Santágueda.</location>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AB261D68FB03B839" bold="true" box="[1047,1213,1086,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Casanare (1):</emphasis>
Parque Monterrey.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFA61D34FEA8B81D" bold="true" box="[151,278,1122,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chocó (2):</emphasis>
Riosucio, Cacarica; Utria.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD7F1D35FD00B81D" bold="true" box="[590,702,1122,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Meta (4):</emphasis>
Cabuyaro, Vereda Yarico; Puerto Gaitán.
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92ABAF1D35FAB0B81C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92ABAF1D35FAB0B81C" box="[1182,1294,1123,1149]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Rio Duda" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Río Duda</location>
, Parque Nacional Natural Tinigua,
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AE941DD1FC53B8C0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AE941DD1FC53B8C0" box="[421,1005,1159,1185]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Centro de Investigaciones Ecologicas La Macarena" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Centro de Investigaciones Ecológicas La Macarena</location>
; San Miguel, Finca Yarmato.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AA0E1DD0FE74B8A5" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AA0E1DD0FF63B8A5" name="Costa Rica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
(2): Puntarenas (2):
</emphasis>
Coto.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD221DFCFCDEB8A5" bold="true" box="[531,864,1194,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AD221DFCFD1FB8A5" box="[531,673,1194,1220]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
(6). Manabi (1):
</emphasis>
Pedernales.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ACDA1DFCFB23B8A5" bold="true" box="[1003,1181,1194,1220]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sucumbios (5):</emphasis>
Limoncocha;
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AA0D1DFDFE13B888" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AA0D1DFDFE13B888" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Estacion Biologica Coca La Selva" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Estación Biologica Coca La Selva</location>
(
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD4CFF92AE8D1D98FDAFB888" box="[444,529,1230,1257]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="175.0">175 km</quantity>
SE).
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD7E1D98FD48B889" bold="true" box="[591,758,1230,1256]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AD7E1D98FD78B889" box="[591,710,1230,1256]" name="Guyana" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">GUYANA</collectingCountry>
(1):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ADCC1D99FCA1B888" box="[765,799,1231,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">No</collectorName>
data.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AC531D98FB39B889" bold="true" box="[866,1159,1230,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AC531D98FC65B889" box="[866,987,1230,1256]" name="Panama" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
(8). Colón (2):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ABBC1D99FA90B888" box="[1165,1326,1231,1257]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Madden Dam.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AA051D99FF50B96D" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Los Santos (1):</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AFC61DA5FEE9B96C" box="[247,343,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Corozal.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AE501DA4FE48B96D" bold="true" box="[353,502,1266,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Panamá (5):</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AD311DA5FD08B96C" box="[512,694,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Barro Colorado</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ADF51DA5FCA3B96C" box="[708,797,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Camino</collectorName>
del oleoducto.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ACE01DA5FBE2B96D" bold="true" box="[977,1116,1266,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92ACE01DA5FBA3B96C" box="[977,1053,1267,1293]" name="Peru" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">PERU</collectingCountry>
(11).
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AB541DA5FB39B96C" box="[1125,1159,1267,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">No</collectorName>
data (6).
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ABCA1DA4FA22B96D" bold="true" box="[1275,1436,1266,1293]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Huánuco (3):</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AFA61C41FEB5B950" box="[151,267,1303,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aucayacu</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AE261C41FE12B950" box="[279,428,1303,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tingo María.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AE851C41FD86B951" bold="true" box="[436,568,1302,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Loreto (1):</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AD711C41FD10B950" box="[576,686,1303,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sarayacu.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD861C40FCCBB951" bold="true" box="[695,885,1302,1328]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">San Martin (1):</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AC4C1C41FC56B950" box="[893,1000,1303,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tarapoto.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ACC11C40FA93B951" bold="true" box="[1008,1325,1302,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92ACC11C40FB36B951" box="[1008,1160,1302,1328]" name="Suriname" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">SURINAME</collectingCountry>
(4). Para (4):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AA071C41FA23B950" box="[1334,1437,1303,1329]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Zanderij.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFA61C6CFE31B935" bold="true" box="[151,399,1338,1364]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AFA61C6CFEFAB935" box="[151,324,1338,1364]" name="Venezuela" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
(147).
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AEA61C6DFE07B934" box="[407,441,1339,1365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">No</collectorName>
data (2).
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD171C6CFD5CB935" bold="true" box="[550,738,1338,1364]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AD171C6CFD1CB935" box="[550,674,1338,1364]" country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
(70):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ADDB1C6DFC75B934" box="[746,971,1339,1365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cerro de la Neblina</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ACE61C6DFBC8B934" box="[983,1142,1339,1365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">La Esmeralda</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ABB31C6DFB68B934" box="[1154,1238,1339,1365]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ocamo</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ABD31C6DFEDAB918" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parque Nacional Duida Marahuaka</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AE5E1C09FE75B918" box="[367,459,1375,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Culebra</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AEE61C09FCD0B918" box="[471,878,1375,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parque Nacional Parima Tapirapeco</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AC4B1C09FC73B918" box="[890,973,1375,1401]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Parima</collectorName>
;
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92ACE91C09FB48B918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92ACE91C09FB48B918" box="[984,1270,1375,1401]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="San Carlos de Rio Negro" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">San Carlos de Río Negro</location>
;
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AA301C09FEA3B9FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AA301C09FEA3B9FC" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="San Fernando de Atabapo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">San Fernando de Atabapo</location>
;
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AE1B1CD5FD97B9FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AE1B1CD5FD97B9FC" box="[298,553,1411,1437]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="San Simon del Cocuy" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">San Simón del Cocuy</location>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AD061CD5FD7CB9FC" box="[567,706,1411,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Santa Lucía</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ADE11CD5FCF8B9FC" box="[720,838,1411,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Surumoni.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AC7E1CD4FC63B9FD" bold="true" box="[847,989,1410,1436]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AC7E1CD4FC17B9FD" box="[847,937,1410,1436]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Aragua</collectingRegion>
(3):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ACD61CD5FBF1B9FC" box="[999,1103,1411,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Maracay.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AB691CD4FB57B9FD" bold="true" box="[1112,1257,1410,1436]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AB691CD4FB0BB9FD" box="[1112,1205,1410,1436]" country="Venezuela" name="Barinas" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Barinas</collectingRegion>
(2):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ABC31CD5FAD8B9FC" box="[1266,1382,1411,1437]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Barrancas</collectorName>
;
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AA451CD5FF4EB9A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AA451CD5FF4EB9A0" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Rio Caparo." pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Río Caparo.</location>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFC71CF0FE33B9A1" bold="true" box="[246,397,1446,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AFC71CF0FEF0B9A0" box="[246,334,1446,1473]" country="Venezuela" name="Bolivar" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bolívar</collectingRegion>
(13):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AEA31CF1FE47B9A0" box="[402,505,1447,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Anacoco</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AD351CF1FDE2B9A0" box="[516,604,1447,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Caicara</collectorName>
,
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AD561CF1FCD0B9A0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AD561CF1FCD0B9A0" box="[615,878,1447,1473]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="San Juan de Manapiare" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">San Juan de Manapiare</location>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AC481CF1FC41B9A0" box="[889,1023,1447,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Kanarakuni</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AB3B1CF1FB19B9A0" box="[1034,1191,1447,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Los Pijiguaos</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AB801CF1FAD7B9A0" box="[1201,1385,1447,1473]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Salto Las Babas</collectorName>
;
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AA451CF1FF63B984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AA451CF1FF63B984" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Rio Caura" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Río Caura</location>
,
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AFDB1C9DFEDCB984" box="[234,354,1483,1509]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Salto Para</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AE411C9DFD2CB984" box="[368,658,1483,1509]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Reserva Forestal Imataca</collectorName>
;
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AD911C9DFC98B984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AD911C9DFC98B984" box="[672,806,1483,1509]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Rio Grande" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Río Grande</location>
,
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AC051C9DFC12B984" box="[820,940,1483,1509]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">El Palmar.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AC851C9CFBD3B985" bold="true" box="[948,1133,1482,1508]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AC851C9CFB92B985" box="[948,1068,1482,1508]" country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
(24):
</emphasis>
<location id="2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AB471C9DFAFDB984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A209493BFD4DFF95AFA61FF4FCC7BA4C:2F7FAEF6FD4CFF92AB471C9DFAFDB984" box="[1142,1347,1483,1509]" country="Bolivia" county="Buena Vista" municipality="Rio Itecoal" name="Central Tacarigua" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Amazonas">Central Tacarigua</location>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AA611C9DFF54BA68" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Samán Mocho</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AFC41CB9FED9BA68" box="[245,359,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tacarigua</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AE431CB9FE7CBA68" box="[370,450,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Urama</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AEFD1CB9FD8BBA68" box="[460,565,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Valencia.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD0A1CB9FC9FBA69" bold="true" box="[571,801,1518,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AD0A1CB9FD51BA69" box="[571,751,1518,1545]" country="Venezuela" name="Delta Amacuro" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Delta Amacuro</collectingRegion>
(1):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AC191CB9FC2DBA68" box="[808,915,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Coporito.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92ACAB1CB8FBA5BA69" bold="true" box="[922,1051,1518,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92ACAB1CB8FC55BA68" box="[922,1003,1518,1545]" country="Venezuela" name="Falcon" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Falcón</collectingRegion>
(3):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AB121CB9FB38BA68" box="[1059,1158,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Miranda</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ABA11CB9FB5EBA68" box="[1168,1248,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sanare</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ABDA1CB9FAF9BA68" box="[1259,1351,1519,1545]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Yacaral.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AA7C1CB9FF51BA4D" bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AA7C1CB9FF00BA4C" country="Venezuela" name="Monagas" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Monagas</collectingRegion>
(2):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AFC71F45FEE0BA4C" box="[246,350,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Carapito.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AE551F45FDA2BA4D" bold="true" box="[356,540,1554,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AE551F45FE55BA4C" box="[356,491,1555,1581]" country="Venezuela" name="Portuguesa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Portuguesa</collectingRegion>
(5):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AD121F45FD0FBA4C" box="[547,689,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">San Nicolás.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD861F44FCF9BA4D" bold="true" box="[695,839,1554,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AD861F44FCA8BA4C" box="[695,790,1554,1581]" country="Venezuela" name="Tachira" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Táchira</collectingRegion>
(5):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AC7F1F45FAD7BA4C" box="[846,1385,1555,1581]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Complejo Hidroeléctrico Leonardo Ruíz Pineda</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AA451F45FF53BA30" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Las Cuevas</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AFC91F61FEE9BA30" box="[248,343,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cordero</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AE521F61FE7ABA30" box="[355,452,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">La Grita</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AEE11F61FDF0BA30" box="[464,590,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Michelena.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD651F61FD57BA31" bold="true" box="[596,745,1590,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AD651F61FD06BA30" box="[596,696,1591,1617]" country="Venezuela" name="Yaracuy" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Yaracuy</collectingRegion>
(1):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ADDE1F61FCE6BA30" box="[751,856,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">La Hoya.</collectorName>
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AC6E1F60FC63BA31" bold="true" box="[863,989,1590,1616]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4CFF92AC6E1F60FC21BA31" box="[863,927,1590,1616]" country="Venezuela" name="Zulia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Zulia</collectingRegion>
(15):
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ACD51F61FB92BA30" box="[996,1068,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Colón</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92AB091F61FBC3BA30" box="[1080,1149,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Perijá</collectorName>
;
<collectorName id="87559DFBFD4CFF92ABB61F61FAB9BA30" box="[1159,1287,1591,1617]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tres Bocas</collectorName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4CFF92AFF61F0DFBABBADC" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFF61F0DFE36BA15" bold="true" box="[199,392,1626,1653]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4CFF92AEA01F0DFDEEBA14" authorityName="López-García &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Endrodi" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[401,592,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Euligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AEA01F0DFDEEBA14" box="[401,592,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Euligyrus similis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported as an important pest of cultivated banana, and occasionally attacking sugar cane and palms (
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4CFF92AD241F29FC6FBAF8" authority="(Kunth))" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" box="[533,977,1663,1689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Bactris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gacipaes">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AD241F29FD6BBAF9" box="[533,725,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bactris gacipaes</emphasis>
(Kunth)) (Arecaceae)
</taxonomicName>
in some localities of Amazonas,
<collectingCountry id="52B7B8BDFD4CFF92AA691F29FA22BAF8" box="[1368,1436,1663,1689]" name="Brazil" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4CFF92AFAE1FF5FE2CBADC" author="Pamplona A. M. S. R. &amp; Garcia, M. V. B. &amp; Fonseca, C. R. V. &amp; Teles, B. R. &amp; Andreazze, R." box="[159,402,1699,1725]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref92048" refString="Pamplona A. M. S. R., Garcia, M. V. B., Fonseca, C. R. V., Teles, B. R. &amp; Andreazze, R. (1994) Nova praga da bananeira no Amazonas: Ligyrus similis Endrodi. Technical report. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria, Manaus, 4 pp. Available from: https: // ainfo. cnptia. embrapa. br / digital / bitstream / item / 60527 / 1 / intrucoes-tecnicas- 02 - ano- 19940001. pdf (accessed 10 September 2022)" type="book" year="1994">
Pamplona
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AE261FF5FEEEBADC" box="[279,336,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
). Some specimens were collected in oil palm plantations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4CFF92AFA61E58FCFBBB48" blockId="19.[151,837,1806,1833]" box="[151,837,1806,1833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFA61E58FCFBBB48" bold="true" box="[151,837,1806,1833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4CFF92AFDF1E58FD05BB48" authority="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Deloya" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" box="[238,699,1806,1833]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Proculigyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFDF1E58FE34BB48" bold="true" box="[238,394,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Proculigyrus</emphasis>
López-García &amp; Deloya
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03E79944FD4CFF92ADF21E59FCFBBB48" box="[707,837,1807,1833]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4CFF92AFA61E05FCA6BB0A" box="[151,792,1875,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4CFF92AFA61E05FCA6BB0A" blockId="19.[151,792,1875,1899]" box="[151,792,1875,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFA61E05FE9DBB0A" bold="true" box="[151,291,1875,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD4CFF92AFA61E05FF72BB0A" box="[151,204,1875,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4CFF92AE1B1E02FDCEBB0A" authority="Prell, 1937" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1937" box="[298,624,1875,1899]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cicatricosus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AE1B1E02FE46BB0A" box="[298,504,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ligyrus cicatricosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4CFF92AECF1E05FDCEBB0A" author="Prell, H." box="[510,624,1875,1899]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="89 - 90" refId="ref92338" refString="Prell, H. (1937) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dynastiden. XV. Neue Arten und Rassen. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 51, 89 - 90." type="journal article" year="1937">Prell, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, here designated
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4CFF95AFA61ECFFE55BF3C" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4CFF95AFA61ECFFE55BF3C" blockId="19.[151,1437,1945,2008]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AFA61ECFFE24BBD2" bold="true" box="[151,410,1945,1972]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Description. (
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AE0A1ECCFEF5BBD5" bold="true" box="[315,331,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">n</emphasis>
= 33).
</emphasis>
Length
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD4CFF92AECC1ECFFD1BBBD5" box="[509,677,1945,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.085" metricValueMax="2.52" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="20.85" valueMax="25.2" valueMin="16.5">16.5–25.2 mm</quantity>
. Humeral width
<quantity id="ED5855C8FD4CFF92AC561ECFFBBFBBD5" box="[871,1025,1945,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" metricValueMax="1.33" metricValueMin="0.82" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="10.75" valueMax="13.3" valueMin="8.2">8.2–13.3 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4CFF92AB3F1ECFFBE9BBD2" bold="true" box="[1038,1111,1945,1971]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Head:</emphasis>
Clypeus trapezoidal. Apical clypeal teeth transverse, small, widely separated. Ocular canthus acute; without ventral or dorsal setae. Frons with 2 tumescences. Mentum subquadrate (as long as wide); slightly narrowed at apex; apical margin with long, dense setae. Maxillary apical palpomere 1.5 times longer than the second. Galea of maxilla rectangular (2.5 times longer than wide); with 3 dorsal and 3 ventral teeth. Mandible tridentate (2 apical acute teeth and a lateral lobe acute and directed upwards). Labrum as long as wide; apex evenly rounded with long, dense setae. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club short (as long as antennomeres 2–7).
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95ADDA1871FCD3BD20" bold="true" box="[747,877,295,321]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Pronotum:</emphasis>
Apical marginal bead incomplete on middle 1/5. Apex without tubercle, with a small swelling and shallow, narrow fovea.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95ACE1181DFB9BBD04" bold="true" box="[976,1061,331,357]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Elytra:</emphasis>
Inner surface of apex with transverse tubercles forming approximately 85 parallel lines (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AC271839FCCFBDE8" box="[790,881,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-24@86.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory apparatus. A, D) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, B, E) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, C, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G, K) Tomarus amazonicus, H, L) T. maimon, I, M) T. maternus, J, N) T. gyas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345035/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95ACB41838FC64BDE9" bold="true" box="[901,986,366,392]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Wings:</emphasis>
RA with dense, large, peg-like setae on medial ventral region; without peg-like setae on dorsal surface.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AC5218C4FC5FBDCD" bold="true" box="[867,993,402,428]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Tergite IV with transverse, inconspicuous striae on each side (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AE9E18E1FDB2BDB0" box="[431,524,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-24@86.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 8. Stridulatory apparatus. A, D) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, B, E) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, C, F) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, G, K) Tomarus amazonicus, H, L) T. maimon, I, M) T. maternus, J, N) T. gyas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345035/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Sternite VIII emarginate in both sexes; emargination narrow in female, wider in male. Propygidium without stridulatory area.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AD8C188DFCA8BD94" bold="true" box="[701,790,475,501]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Venter:</emphasis>
Prosternum acute. Propleura with a few, sparse setae on anterior and posterior surfaces, medial surface glabrous. Apex of prosternal process spherical, with dense dorsal setae. Metespisternum with complete carina; inner surface smooth, outer surface evenly rugose; without setae. Metasternum with small, deep, confluent punctures and with long setae, denser on anterior corners.
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95ABD61B11FA96BE00" bold="true" box="[1255,1320,583,609]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Legs:</emphasis>
Male protarsus simple; inner claw simple. Protibia tridentate, basal tooth distant from the others (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AB581B3DFB73BEE4" box="[1129,1229,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,186,899]" captionTargetId="figure-24@88.[231,1357,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345051/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). Apical margin of mesotibia and metatibia dentate (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AD3A1BD9FD2BBEC8" box="[523,661,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12B, H</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AD981BD9FCC9BEC9" bold="true" box="[681,887,654,681]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Female genitalia:</emphasis>
Subcoxite 1.8 times wider than long, outer sides narrowed towards apex (basal margin 1.5 times wider than apical margin). Coxite subrounded (as long as wide); surface strongly concave. Subcoxite as wide as coxite; shorter than coxite (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95ACDC1B81FBEBBE90" box="[1005,1109,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1041,1065]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,183,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1017]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 13. Female genital plates. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) Tomarus laticaudus, I) T. maternus, J) T. rostratus, K) T. subtropicus. Abbreviations: SCx: Subcoxite, Cx: Coxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345057/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AB5B1B81FAA1BE91" bold="true" box="[1130,1311,726,753]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
Parameres approximately 1/2 shorter than phallobase. Parameres with a ventral, truncate tooth on each side; without dorsal teeth. Internal sac without copulatory lamellae or lamellar spiny belt and with 12 accessory lamellae with a flat, oval base (comma-like) (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AE491A15FE60BF3C" box="[376,478,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,194,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-24@96.[151,1435,181,1715]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 21. Internal sac. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Abbreviations:AL:Accessory lamellae, Br: Brush of setae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345085/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4BFF95AFF61A30FAA0B838" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4BFF95AFF61A30FAA0B838" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AFF61A30FEFCBFE1" bold="true" box="[199,322,870,896]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Clypeus trapezoidal, apex with 2 transverse, small teeth (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95ACFF1A31FB9BBFE0" box="[974,1061,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Mentum subquadrate (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AA081A31FA31BFE0" box="[1337,1423,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-24@82.[151,1436,181,1560]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 2. Labium. A) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, B) Ligyrus (Ligyrus) allonasutus, C) L. (Ligyrus) gibbosus, D) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, F) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, G) Euligyrus ebenus, H) E. similis, I) Tomarus gyas, J) Tomarus selanderi, K) Tomarus subtropicus. Abbreviations: LL: Ligular lobes, LP: Labial palpus, M: Mentum, S: Suture." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345015/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Galea with 6 teeth (3 dorsal, 3 ventral) (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AD521ADDFD03BFC4" box="[611,701,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1872,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetId="figure-81@83.[151,1437,1118,1848]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 4. Maxilla. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus gyas, G) Tomarus maternus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345023/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with apical marginal bead incomplete on middle 1/5 (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AFAE1AF9FF49BFA8" box="[159,247,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="81.[151,250,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-17@81.[151,1436,181,1511]" captionTargetPageId="81" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345011/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Apex without tubercle, with a small swelling and shallow, depression. Surface of pronotum, elytra, and pygidium with large, dense punctures (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AD7C1A85FD0BBF8C" box="[589,693,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="99.[151,250,883,907]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,185,844]" captionTargetId="figure-17@99.[151,1436,181,859]" captionTargetPageId="99" captionText="FIGURE 24. Habitus. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) E. similis, C) Proculigyrus cicatricosus. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
). Metepisternum glabrous. Male protarsus simple. Protibia tridentate, basal tooth distant from others (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AD731AA1FD15B870" box="[578,683,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="88.[151,250,931,955]" captionTargetBox="[234,1354,186,899]" captionTargetId="figure-24@88.[231,1357,181,907]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 11. Protibia in frontal view.A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) relictus, E) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, F) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, H) Tomarus bituberculatus, I) T. colombianus, J) T. pullus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345051" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345051/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 11B</figureCitation>
). Apical margin of mesotibia and metatibia dentate (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AA3D1AA1FA30B870" box="[1292,1422,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="88.[151,250,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[237,1351,1055,1897]" captionTargetId="figure-89@88.[233,1355,1052,1897]" captionTargetPageId="88" captionText="FIGURE 12. Mesotibia (A–F). A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei; E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) villosus. Metatibia (G–L). G) Euligyrus similis, H) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, I) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, J) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, K) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, L) L. (Ligyrus) villosus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345053/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12C, I</figureCitation>
). Sternite VIII of female narrowly emarginate. Coxite surface strongly concave (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AB201D4DFBC6B854" box="[1041,1144,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="89.[151,250,1041,1065]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,183,1016]" captionTargetId="figure-17@89.[151,1436,181,1017]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURE 13. Female genital plates. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus, F) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, G) L. (Ligyrus) neglectus, H) Tomarus laticaudus, I) T. maternus, J) T. rostratus, K) T. subtropicus. Abbreviations: SCx: Subcoxite, Cx: Coxite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345057" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345057/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
). Internal sac of aedeagus without copulatory lamella; accessory lamellae with a flat, oval base (comma-like lamellae) (
<figureCitation id="B29BE4A8FD4BFF95AB9A1D69FAAFB838" box="[1195,1297,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="96.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[161,1418,194,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-24@96.[151,1435,181,1715]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="FIGURE 21. Internal sac. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Anagrylius) moroni, D) L. (Ligyrodes) sallaei, E) L. (Ligyrus) allonasutus. Abbreviations:AL:Accessory lamellae, Br: Brush of setae, CL: Copulatory lamella, LSB: Lamellar spiny belt, Ra: Raspula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7345085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7345085/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4BFF95AFF61D34FB22B96C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4BFF95AFF61D34FDE7B8C0" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AFF61D34FEDFB81D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1122,1148]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Distribution.</emphasis>
It is distributed from the Mexican tropics (south of Trans-Mexican volcanic belt) to the
<collectingRegion id="E86436CFFD4BFF95AA621D35FA22B81C" box="[1363,1436,1123,1149]" country="Panama" name="Embera-Wounaan" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chocó</collectingRegion>
biogeographic region in South America.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4BFF95AFF61DFDFB22B96C" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AFF61DFDFE39B8A5" bold="true" box="[199,391,1194,1221]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Natural history.</emphasis>
The genus is found in cloud forests and tropical humid forests. Most individuals have been collected with light traps between at the beginning of the rainy season (April–May), but it is in general a little abundant group and poorly represented in collections. The larval stages have not been described.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62BAABA6FD4BFF95AFF61C41FCC7BA4C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4BFF95AFF61C41FCD6B918" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AFF61C41FEF0B950" bold="true" box="[199,334,1303,1329]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4BFF95AEFA1C41FDE2B950" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" box="[459,604,1303,1329]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Proculigyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AEFA1C41FDE2B950" box="[459,604,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Proculigyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from the Latin word “
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AC981C41FC4FB950" box="[937,1009,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">procul</emphasis>
” that means far and refers to the phylogenetic position of this genus with respect to
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4BFF95AD9B1C6DFCBEB935" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[682,768,1339,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AD9B1C6DFCBEB935" box="[682,768,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ligyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the
<typeStatus id="F51B468FFD4BFF95AC911C6DFC6EB934" box="[928,976,1339,1365]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
species was originally described.
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4BFF95AA611C6DFF5BB918" authorityName="Lopez-Garcia &amp; Deloya" authorityYear="2022" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Proculigyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AA611C6DFF5BB918" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Proculigyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is masculine in gender for the purposes of nomenclature.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A1FF82DFD4BFF95AFF61CD4FCC7BA4C" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AFF61CD4FE7EB9FC" bold="true" box="[199,448,1410,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4BFF95AEFB1CD5FDEDB9FC" author="Prell, H." box="[458,595,1411,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="89 - 90" refId="ref92338" refString="Prell, H. (1937) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Dynastiden. XV. Neue Arten und Rassen. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 51, 89 - 90." type="journal article" year="1937">Prell (1937)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4BFF95ADE31CD5FCC9B9FD" authorityName="Prell" authorityYear="1937" box="[722,887,1411,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cicatricosus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95ADE31CD5FCC9B9FD" box="[722,887,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. cicatricosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4BFF95AB0E1CD5FAF1B9FC" authority="Casey, 1915" authorityName="Casey" authorityYear="1915" box="[1087,1359,1410,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Anagrylius">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AB0E1CD5FB04B9FC" box="[1087,1210,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Anagrylius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4BFF95ABF51CD5FAF1B9FC" author="Casey, T. L." box="[1220,1359,1410,1437]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 394" refId="ref88969" refString="Casey, T. L. (1915) A review of the American species of Rutelinae, Dynastinae, and Cetoniinae. Memoirs on the Coleoptera, 6, 1 - 394." type="journal article" year="1915">Casey, 1915</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
of the genus
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4BFF95AFD11CF1FE88B9A1" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[224,310,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AFD11CF1FE88B9A1" box="[224,310,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ligyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, probably due to the trapezoidal shape of the clypeus and shape of the pronotal fovea and mandible.
<bibRefCitation id="4E3185DCFD4BFF95AFA61C9DFEFDB984" author="Endrodi, S." box="[151,323,1483,1509]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 145" refId="ref89768" refString="Endrodi, S. (1969) Monographie der Dynastinae. 4. Tribus: Pentodontini (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia). Entomologische Abhandlungen, 37, 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1969">Endrödi (1969)</bibRefCitation>
did not recognized this group and placed this species in the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4BFF95AB671C9DFB12B985" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[1110,1196,1483,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AB671C9DFB12B985" box="[1110,1196,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ligyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having mandibles with three teeth. However, several other differential characters from mouthparts and internal sac were found, suggesting this species is a different genus and not related to
<taxonomicName id="EDA083AEFD4BFF95AC2C1F45FCCDBA4D" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" box="[797,883,1555,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Dynastidae" genus="Ligyrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="18D4243FFD4BFF95AC2C1F45FCCDBA4D" box="[797,883,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ligyrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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