475 lines
38 KiB
XML
475 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12024" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b42ced9-e44f-47f7-b29a-a73a0bf601e3" ID-PMC="PMC5523883" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-675-1" ID-PubMed="28769676" ID-ZBK="73FB6D5347AC4FF7A3453C19BFF86868" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-675-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 675" ModsDocTitle="A new species of Rhodnius from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)" checkinTime="1495106356768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rosa, Joao Aristeu da, Justino, Hernany Henrique Garcia, Nascimento, Juliana Damieli, Mendonca, Vagner Jose, Rocha, Claudia Solano, Carvalho, Danila Blanco de, Falcone, Rossana, Oliveira, Maria Tercilia Vilela de Azeredo, Alevi, Kaio Cesar Chaboli & Oliveira, Jader de" docDate="2017" docId="9CF5BBB0B825F03B405495A8DC4C160A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 675: 1-25" docOrigin="ZooKeys 675" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12024" docTitle="Rhodnius taquarussuensis Rosa, Justino, Nascimento, Mendonca, Rocha, Carvalho, Falcone, Oliveira, Alevi & Oliveira, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="16C7EE86-3C36-4BA9-BDFC-E914CC4C2F80" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="FFAD2131FFB2FFE71F331C626633FFE5" masterDocTitle="A new species of Rhodnius from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1668164471170" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Rhodnius from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosa, Joao Aristeu da</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Justino, Hernany Henrique Garcia</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nascimento, Juliana Damieli</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mendonca, Vagner Jose</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rocha, Claudia Solano</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Danila Blanco de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Falcone, Rossana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oliveira, Maria Tercilia Vilela de Azeredo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alevi, Kaio Cesar Chaboli</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oliveira, Jader de</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>675</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>25</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12024</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12024</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-675-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">73FB6D5347AC4FF7A3453C19BFF86868</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">73FB6D5347AC4FF7A3453C19BFF86868</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="130810362" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:16C7EE86-3C36-4BA9-BDFC-E914CC4C2F80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9CF5BBB0B825F03B405495A8DC4C160A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/16C7EE86-3C36-4BA9-BDFC-E914CC4C2F80" class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Rhodnius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhodnius taquarussuensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">Rhodnius taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figure 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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BRAZIL: Mato Grosso do Sul: Taquarussu; Residence,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-22.485472">22°29'07.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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; 53°21'08.9'W, 10 November 2010 H. E. G. Justino. UNESP (♀).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. female A dorsal side B ventral side,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. male C dorsal side D ventral side,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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female E dorsal side F ventral side),
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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male G dorsal side H ventral side.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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BRAZIL: Colony formed from eggs obtained from the holotype: Araraquara:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Triatominae">Triatominae</taxonomicName>
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Insectarium of the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, January 3, 2017, J. A. da Rosa, UNESP (25 ♂ 25 ♀).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="additional paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Additional paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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CTIOC - Collection of Triatomines of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil (2 ♂ 2 ♀). Entomological Reference Collection of the Faculty of Public Health - USP,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
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Paulo -Brazil (1 ♂ 1 ♀). Collection of the Institute of Entomology of the Metropolitan University of Education Sciences (IEUMCE), Santiago - Chile (2 ♂ 2 ♀).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Rhodnius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhodnius taquarussuensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">Rhodnius taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. was chosen because this species was found in the city of Taquarussu, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Rhodnius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhodnius taquarussuensis" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">Rhodnius taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is close to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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, their differences being the color and a variety of morphological, morphometric and cytogenetic characters (Tables 1, 2). The general color of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is brown, whereas
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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is dark brown, almost black. This difference is particularly noticeable on the hind wings. The stridulatory sulcus of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is brown at the base and black on the sides, whereas on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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it is completely black.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Table 2. Main distinguishing characters between
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<table pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<th colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="2">Distinguishing characters</th>
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<th colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">Species</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">th</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">th</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">th</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">th</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">th</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">th</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">+</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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On the head, differences were noticed on the vertex, genae, antennae and triangular furrow of the first segment of the rostrum. The vertex of the head of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">R</pageBreakToken>
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. taquarussuensis
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is quite visible, whereas on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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it is not (Fig. 3A, B, D, E). The genae of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. are longer than those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 3A, D).On
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. the 10th part of the second segment of the antenna is brown; on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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, though, only the basis has that color. The triangular furrow of the first segment of the rostrum, towards the second segment, ends in a filamentous way on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and in a rounded way on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 3C, F). On the thorax, differences can be found on the pronotum, wings, scutellum, prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum (Figs 4, 5). The membranous portion of the hind wings is brown on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and dark brown on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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. The scutellum ends in a rounded apex on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and in a filamentous apex on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 4A, B). On
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. the apex of the scutellum covers the final portion of the urotergite I process, while on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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the apex of the process of the urotergite I is perfectly visible (Fig. 4A, B). The lines limiting the stridulatory sulcus are straight on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and narrowed in the anterior third on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 5A, B). On
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. the basis of the stridulatory sulcus is brown and the sides are black, whereas on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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the entire stridulatory sulcus is black. The central region of the limit between the mesosternum and the metasternum is regular and half-moon shaped on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., while on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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it is pronounced and slightly irregular (Fig. 5C, D). The beginning of the metasternum is narrow on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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wide on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 5C, D). The ventral abdomen of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is light brown, and that of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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is dark brown (Fig. 2). The terminal portion of the paramere of the male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is thinner than that of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 9A, C). The dorsal phallothecal sclerite has a trapezoidal shape on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and is rounded on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 8C, D). The external limit of the 10th segment of the dorsal side of the female external genitalia of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. presents a concavity in the middle portion, whereas on
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<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
that limit is straight (Fig. 6A, B). From posterior view, the limits of the 9th segment with gonocoxite VIII are curve on
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. and straight on
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and the superior line limiting the 10th and 9th segments is straight on
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. and curve on
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 6C, D). In the ventral side of the female external genitalia of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. there is a concavity in the external limit with the 10th segment that is also noticed from dorsal view; on
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
that limit is a straight line. From ventral view, the external limits of the 9th segment of the female external genitalia are curve on
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. and straight on
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 6E, F).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Among the 19 characters measured, 12 showed significant differences between
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
in both sexes and also the eggs of both species. Two characters showed differences only between males, and five characters did not show significant differences (Tables 1, 2).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Figure 3. Head by SEM of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. A dorsal view B lateral view, C ventral view,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
D dorsal view E lateral view F ventral view. v: vertice, ge: gena, c: clypeus, ac: anteclypeus, tf: triangular furrow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Figure 4. Escutellum and process of I urotergit by SEM. A
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. B
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. pr: pronotum, sc: escutelum, pu: process of I urotergit, ap: apex of escutelum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Figure 5. Thorax ventral by SEM. A, C
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. B, D
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. ss: stridulatory sulcus, ms: mesosternum, mt: metasternum, tu: tubercle, ga: glabrous area, cr: central region.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
Figure 6. Female external genitalia by SEM
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. A dorsal view, C posterior view E ventral view,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
B dorsal view D posterior view F ventral view. Gc 8: gonocoxite VIII; Gc 9: gonapophyse IX; Gp 8: gonapophyse VIII; VII, IX: tergites; X: segment.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
A total of 15 adult females and 15 adult males of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
were measured, as well as 30 eggs shells of both species. Such measurements are detailed in Table 1.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
The head of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. has a prominent brown vertex contrasting with the black sides. The clypeus is well defined. The genae are large, visible and dark brown, moving towards the anteclypeus (Figs 2A, C, 3 A, B). The limits between the genae and the clypeus are brown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
|
first segment of the antennae is black with mixes of brown. The articulation between the first and second segment of the antennae is brown. Roughly all the 10th part of the beginning of the second antennal segment is brown. The second segment is mostly black. In the articulation between the second and third antennal segment there is a black ring followed by a brown one. The beginning of the third segment (around 1/3) is black and the remaining portions (2/3) are brown. The articulation between the third and fourth antennal segment is brown. The beginning of the fourth segment is black and the remaining portions are brown with mixes of black (Fig. 2A, C).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">The eyes are black and the ocelli are brown. The neck has a brown central dorsal strip flanked by two (1+1) black, narrower strips. The ventral portion of the neck between the ocelli is dark brown (Fig. 2A, B, C, D).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
|
pronotum of the thorax of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. has a trapezoidal shape and is limited by a brown carina. In the antero posterior direction the pronotum has other two brown carina in the middle portion and six black strips. The three carina and the three brown strips are interspersed with the six black strips, which are larger. The collar (first portion of the pronotum) in the central part is brown and is followed by two (1+1) black glabrous areas and the two (1+1) antero lateral angles. The anterior portion of the pronotum consists of three anterior lobes which are clearly distinct from the posterior portion (hindlobe). Those three anterior lobes are limited by the carina and on each of them there are two black glabrous areas with a lengthy and irregular outline (Fig. 2A, C).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
|
cuticle involving the veins of the hemelytron is light brown. The corium between the veins of the coriaceous region is dark brown, whereas that of the membrane is brown (Fig. 2A, C).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
|
The prosternum contains the stridulatory sulcus, which moves along that segment in an antero-posterior direction, having a brown color in the background and black on
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="11" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
|
sides. Two elongated tubercles limit the anterior half of the stridulatory sulcus. In the superior portion and in diagonal direction from the tubercles there are two black glabrous areas surrounded by a set of brown sensilla (Fig. 5A).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">The mesosternum is limited anteriorly by the prosternum and posteriorly by the metasternum, both limits being brown. The central line dividing two dark brown elevations is also brown. Those two elevations are limited by two (1+ 1) black side glabrous areas diagonally placed. The central region of the posterior limit of the mesosternum has a half-moon shape. The metasternum is brown and resembles an isosceles triangle. Its anterior portion, i.e., its limit with the mesosternum, corresponds to the vertex of the triangle and is narrow, whereas its posterior portion, i.e., its limit with the first abdominal segment, corresponds to the basis of the triangle (Fig. 5C).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">The three pairs of coxae are brown, except for the black glabrous areas. The trochanters of the anterior pair of legs are brown, but mixed with black glabrous areas. The middle and posterior pairs of trochanters are brown and have no glabrous areas. The three pairs of femora are black and the same color prevails in the three pairs of tibiae, except in the articulations with the femur and the spongy fossula, which are brown. The spongy fossulae are located in the first and second pairs of legs in the final portion of the tibia, alongside the articulations with the tarsi (Fig. 2A, B, C, D).</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
The abdomen of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. presents a brown color in the longitudinal central portion. On the sides of each segment there are (3+3) black glabrous areas, which are mixed with brown and black areas. The connexivum of the dorsal portion lies between the second and seventh segment. For each of those segments the anterior half is black and the posterior one is brown. The dorsal connexivum, also lying between the second and seventh segment, has a black color in 2/3 of the anterior portion, but that black color ends in an irregular way over the remaining 1/3, which is brown. Therefore, the black portion of the connexivum presents two edges moving towards the brown portion: one in the internal limit of the connexivum and the other in the middle portion. However, the connexivum of the second dorsal segment is black in the anterior half and brown in the posterior one, the limit between the portions having a diagonal shape. The seventh segment, on the other hand, is practically all black, except for a small brown strip located in the external posterior half. Type 1 sensilla, which prevail on the head, thorax and abdomen, have a brown color (Fig. 2B, D).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Male genitalia have the typical aspect of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Rhodnius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhodnius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhodnius</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The median process of the pygophore (PrP) is short and triangular, but the base is broad and the sides are elongated with a thin edge. Parameres are hairy with a thin edge. From ventral view, the phallosome (Ph) has a broad plate whose superior region has a trapezoidal shape and occupies the middle region of the aedeagus. The support of the phallosome plate (PrPh) is broad. Conjunctival process I (PrcjI) is present and II (PrcjII) is absent. Endosomal process (En) is well-developed when seen from dorsal and ventral view (Figs 8A, C, 9B).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Figure 7. Eggs general vision and egg exochorium detail of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (A, C),
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(B, D). cl: colar, cr: chorial rim, ex: exochorium, nk: neck, op: operculum, ec: exochorium cell, ft: follicular tubes, ll: limiting line.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Figure 8. Phallus of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. A dorsal view C ventral view,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
B dorsal view D ventral view. Cj: conjunctive, En: endosome, EPlb: median extencion of basal plate, P: phallus, Plb: basal plate, PrG: gonopore process, PrPh: phallossoma process, Ph: phallosoma, PrCj: conjunctive process, ll: line limit.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
Figure 9. Parameres dorsal view of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (A), Median process of the pygophore of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (B) Parameres dorsal view of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(C) Median process of the pygophore of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(D).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
|
The dorsal side of the female external genitalia presents a concavity in the middle portion of the 10th segment. Seen from posterior view, the limits (1+1) of the 9th segment with gonocoxite VIII are curve, whereas the superior line limiting the 10thand 9thsegments is straight. In the central portion of the 10th segment of the ventral side of
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
|
female external genitalia there is another concavity that can be noticed from dorsal view. The external limits (1+1) of the 9th segment of the female external genitalia are curve when seen from ventral view (Fig. 6A, C, E).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Egg shells of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. have a length of 1.72 mm and an opercular opening of 0.49 mm. They present lateral flattening, collar and exochorion cells, most with pentagonal or hexagonal shape (Fig. 7A, C).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
|
Finally, although
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. showed the same number of chromosomes as
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and all the tribe
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="tribe" tribe="Rhodniini">Rhodniini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, i.e., 2n = 22 (Figure 11B), the constitutive heterochromatin pattern and the composition of the pairs of bases of DNA rich in AT and CG were completely different from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as the analysis of the nuclei of the initial prophases of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. has revealed a chromocenter consisting of sex chromosomes (arrow) and several heterochromatic blocks dispersed in the nucleus (Fig. 11A). The analysis of metaphase I of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. has demonstrated that this triatomine has heterochromatic blocks in both extremities of
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">practically</pageBreakToken>
|
|
all the autosomes and in the Y sex chromosome (Fig. 11B), unlike what has been recently stated for many populations of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
that do not present heterochromatin in autosomes (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Alevi, KCC" journalOrPublisher="Genetics and Molecular Research" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="5775 - 5784" title="Entoepidemiology of Chagas disease in the Western region of the State of Sao Paulo from 2004 to 2008, and cytogenetic analysis in Rhodniusneglectus (Hemiptera, Triatominae)." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.May.29.9" volume="14" year="2015 a">Alevi et al. 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Furthermore,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. has the X sex chromosome rich in CG (Fig. 12C), the Y rich in AT (Fig. 12D) and various
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">blocks</pageBreakToken>
|
|
rich in CG dispersed in the prophase nucleus (Fig. 12C), while
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
only has the X sex chromosome rich in CG (Fig. 12A) and the Y rich in AT (Fig. 12B), which proves the genetic differences between the two
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Reduviidae" genus="Rhodnius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhodnius" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rhodnius</taxonomicName>
|
|
species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
Figure 10. A Right wing of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. with the seven landmarks used in morphometric analysis. Following Bookstein (1990), all points correspond to type I landmarks (venation intersections) B Factorial maps in the plane of the two discriminant factors of wing shape variation (canonical variables 1 and 2, or CV1 and CV2) presenting the distribution of specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. n. (Rta, black cicle) and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Rne, silver cicle).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
Figure 11. Constitutive heterochromatin pattern in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
. A Initial prophases with a chromocenter heterochromatic consisting of sex chromosomes (arrow) and several heterochromatic blocks dispersed in the nucleus B Metaphase I with heterochromatic blocks in both extremities of practically all the autosomes and in the Y sex chromosome. X: X sex chromosome, Y: Y sex chromosome. Bar: 10
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
|
Figure 12. Composition of the pairs of bases of DNA rich in AT and CG in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. neglectus" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="neglectus">R. neglectus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(A, B) and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. taquarussuensis" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="taquarussuensis">R. taquarussuensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(C, D). A X sex chromosome rich in CG B Y sex chromosome rich in ATC X sex chromosome and various blocks dispersed in the prophase nucleus (arrows) rich in CG D Y sex chromosome rich in AT. X: X sex chromosome, Y: Y sex chromosome. Bar: 10μm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |