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<document id="2FF261E91C5D1EA996F9FB42ED0B47A9" ID-CLB-Dataset="53474" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90d83153-c065-4771-9ac7-35dda67996b5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7960319" ID-ZooBank="78E23714-8973-4755-BC94-0A751D7D2B37" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1684793805841" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. &amp; Lim, Kelvin K. P." docDate="2023" docId="88502B73FFD6B83BFF6B41967C690A2A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5287.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5287 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.16:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="16" docTitle="Heosemys grandis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="7469530BFF9AB876FFFC4759790E0F53" masterDocTitle="Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="378" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="77" updateTime="1716910345491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="746FE3F5084B7CEC0BF4D29D71CE8D23">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="86A91A15DBF676949B40EB02287DC0B7">Figueroa, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE3E85AB0EBD802CDE32A563860275B4">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="38E9BBD04DDF24466B4993CB08769BCD" type="email">martyn.low@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="DCDFDE5FA3E941C378918B41E435144A">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="72FFE9C809A24D121097A364E722292A" type="email">kelvinlim@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="48C88B57E0CC87BEBB1C3A2D1C0D15D7">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="B451C4F916DCDB533188B25A877CBE87">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="88502B73FFD6B83BFF6B41967C690A2A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967753" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662516" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7967753" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFD6B83BFF6B41967C690A2A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FFD6B83BFF6B41967C690A2A" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFD6B83AFF6B41967A4C09BB" box="[151,834,1742,1769]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD6B83AFF6B41967A4C09BB" blockId="76.[151,1437,1742,2021]" box="[151,834,1742,1769]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FFD6B83AFF6B41967A4C09BB" box="[151,834,1742,1769]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD6B83AFF6B419678F009BA" ID-CoL="3KVX9" authority="(Gray, 1860)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[151,510,1742,1769]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Heosemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD6B83AFF6B4196786409BA" bold="true" box="[151,362,1742,1769]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Heosemys grandis</emphasis>
(Gray, 1860)
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD6B83AFDE041977A4C09BB" bold="true" box="[540,834,1742,1768]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Non-native; Established.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFD6B83AFF0B41AA7BE5082A" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD6B83AFF0B41AA7BE5082A" blockId="76.[151,1437,1742,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD6B83AFF0B41AA7B72085E" authority="Gray, 1860: 218" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="218" authorityYear="1860" box="[247,636,1779,1805]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoemyda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD6B83AFF0B41AA78C6085E" box="[247,456,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Geoemyda grandis</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFD6B83AFE3741AA7B72085E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689271" box="[459,636,1779,1805]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Cambodia" location="Cambojia" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.3" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="syntype">Gray, 1860:218</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFD6B83AFD7F41AA7BE4085E" box="[643,746,1779,1805]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
(2):
<specimenCode id="505F321EFFD6B83AFCE541AA7ACE085E" box="[793,960,1779,1805]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">BMNH 1947.3</specimenCode>
.4.7(formerly 1860.8.28.1)and 1947.3.4.55 (formerly 1860.8.28.2), by original designation;
<specimenCode id="505F321EFFD6B83AFC7E404E7D230862" box="[898,1069,1814,1841]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">BMNH 1947.3</specimenCode>
.4.56 (formerly 1861.6.1.7) may also be a
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFD6B83AFE3D40627B160806" box="[449,536,1851,1877]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
as it is listed as one in BMNH catalogue, according to
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD6B83AFB7A40627C540806" author="Iverson, J. B." box="[1158,1370,1850,1877]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref315854" refString="Iverson, J. B. (2022) A review of Chelonian type specimens (order Testudines). Megataxa, 7 (1), 1 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / megataxa. 7.1.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Iverson (2022: 25)</bibRefCitation>
. Type locality: “
<location id="0526CCBEFFD6B83AFE3840067B38082A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFD6B83BFF6B41967C690A2A:0526CCBEFFD6B83AFE3840067B38082A" box="[452,566,1887,1913]" country="Cambodia" name="Cambojia" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cambojia</location>
” (=
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD6B83AFD9B40067BEE082A" box="[615,736,1887,1913]" name="Cambodia" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFD6B83AFF6B40DA78120892" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD6B83AFF6B40DA78A808CE" blockId="76.[151,1437,1742,2021]" box="[151,422,1923,1949]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Giant Asian Pond Turtle</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD6B83AFF6B40FE78120892" blockId="76.[151,1437,1742,2021]" box="[151,284,1959,1985]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FFD6B83AFF6340FE781A0892" box="[159,276,1959,1985]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="353.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@353.[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="353" captionText="FIGURE 9. A) Batagur borneoensis, B) Cuora amboinensis, C) Cyclemys dentata, D) Heosemys grandis, E) Heosemys spinosa, F) Notochelys platynota, G) Siebenrockiella crassicollis, and H) Amyda cartilaginea. Photographs by: Marjorie Chong [A], Law Ing Sind [B], Nick Baker [C, F], Joys Tan [D], Kelvin K.P. Lim [E], Marcus A.H. Chua [G], and Alex Figueroa [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960337/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Figure 9D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFD6B83AFF6B4093787608B6" box="[151,376,1994,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD6B83AFF6B4093787608B6" blockId="76.[151,1437,1742,2021]" box="[151,376,1994,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD6B83AFF6B4093787608B6" bold="true" box="[151,376,1994,2021]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD6B83AFF6B4093781E08B7" box="[151,272,1994,2020]" name="Singapore" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFD7B83BFF0B47CE7D570EA6" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF0B47CE7AAE0FE2" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[247,928,150,177]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFFD7B83BFF0B47CE7AAE0FE2" box="[247,928,150,177]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFF0B47CE78C20FE2" ID-CoL="3FPPJ" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[247,460,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geoemyda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF0B47CE78C20FE2" box="[247,460,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Geoemyda grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFD7B83BFE1547CE7BA00FE2" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[489,686,151,177]" page="9" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFE1547CE7BA00FE2" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[489,686,151,177]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref312325" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1898">Hanitsch, 1898: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Ridley, 1899: 205.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF0B47E27A070F86" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[247,777,187,213]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFFD7B83BFF0B47E27A070F86" box="[247,777,187,213]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFF0B47E278F60F86" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[247,504,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Geodyma" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF0B47E2786C0F86" box="[247,354,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Geodyma</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFE5E47E278F60F86" box="[418,504,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—F.L.K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFD7B83BFD9E47E27A0B0F86" author="Lim, F. L. K." box="[610,773,187,213]" page="18" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFD9E47E27A0B0F86" author="Lim, F. L. K." box="[610,773,187,213]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="17 - 19" refId="ref324614" refString="Lim, F. L. K. (1984) Reptile and amphibian encounters. In: Wee, Y. - C. (Ed.), Nature in an Urban Singapore. Proceedings of the Seminar on Nature in an Urban Singapore. Singapore Branch of the Malayan Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 17 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1984">Lim, 1984: 18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF0B47867BB40E82" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFFD7B83BFF0B47867BB40E82" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFF0B478678CA0FAA" ID-CoL="3KVX9" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[247,452,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Heosemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF0B478678CA0FAA" box="[247,452,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Heosemys grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—B.L.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFD7B83BFDEA47867BF10FAA" author="Lim B. L. &amp; Das, I." box="[534,767,223,249]" page="72" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFDEA47867BF10FAA" author="Lim B. L. &amp; Das, I." box="[534,767,223,249]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref324514" refString="Lim B. L. &amp; Das, I. (1999) Turtles of Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 151 pp." type="book" year="1999">Lim &amp; Das, 1999: 72</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFD7B83BFCDD47867D060FAA" author="Auliya, M." box="[801,1032,222,249]" page="52" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFCDD47867D060FAA" author="Auliya, M." box="[801,1032,222,249]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref289112" refString="Auliya, M. (2007) An Identification Guide to the Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, and Timor Leste. TRAFFIC Southeast Asia, s. n., 99 pp." type="book" year="2007">Auliya, 2007: 52–53</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—P.K.A. Ng, 2009: 26.—Ng T.H. &amp; K.K.P. Lim, 2010: 126 (Seletar Airbase).—D.C.J. Yeo &amp; C.S.W. Chia, 2010: 35.—Fung &amp; K.K.P. Lim, 2013: 120. (Upper Seletar Reservoir Park).—S.K. Tan &amp; K.K.P.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFD7B83BFB99467E7C110E12" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[1125,1311,294,321]" page="115" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFB99467E7C110E12" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[1125,1311,294,321]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="81" refId="ref325997" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (2013 b) Call of the masked swamp frog. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 81." type="journal article" year="2013">Lim, 2013b: 115</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—Khong &amp; K.K.P. Lim, 2014: 205 (Springside Avenue).—I.S.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFD7B83BFB2246127C920E36" author="Law, I. S." box="[1246,1436,330,357]" page="255" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFB2246127C920E36" author="Law, I. S." box="[1246,1436,330,357]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="255" refId="ref321055" refString="Law, I. S. (2014 c) Giant Asian pond terrapin at Venus Drive forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 255." type="journal article" year="2014">Law, 2014c: 255</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Venus Drive [WNP]).—R. Subaraj, 2015: 52 (Project Western Boundary [= MBP]).—S. Subaraj, 2015: 5 (Project Western Boundary [= MBP]).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFD7B83BFC8946CA7D8B0EFE" author="Andersen, S. K. &amp; Staerk, J. &amp; Kalhor, E. &amp; Natusch, D. J. D. &amp; Silva, R. da &amp; Pfau, B. &amp; Conde, D. A." box="[885,1157,403,429]" page="3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="2021">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFC8946CA7D8B0EFE" author="Andersen, S. K. &amp; Staerk, J. &amp; Kalhor, E. &amp; Natusch, D. J. D. &amp; Silva, R. da &amp; Pfau, B. &amp; Conde, D. A." box="[885,1157,403,429]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref287943" refString="Andersen, S. K., Staerk, J., Kalhor, E., Natusch, D. J. D., Silva, R. da, Pfau, B. &amp; Conde, D. A. (2021) Economics, life history and international trade data for seven turtle species in Indonesian and Malaysian farms. Data in Brief, 34, 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dib. 2020.106708" type="journal article" year="2021">
Andersen
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFC1146CA7D2B0EFE" box="[1005,1061,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
, 2021: 3
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Mehta &amp; K.K.P. Lim, 2021: 1 (Windsor Nature Park).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF0B46827D570EA6" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[247,1113,475,501]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFFD7B83BFF0B46827D570EA6" box="[247,1113,475,501]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFF0B468278EF0EA6" authorityName="Manthey &amp; Grossmann" authorityYear="1997" box="[247,481,475,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Hieremys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="annandalii">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF0B468278EF0EA6" box="[247,481,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Hieremys annandalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Chow &amp; K.K.P.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFD7B83BFD4946827A5B0EA6" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[693,853,475,501]" page="21" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" year="2017">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFD4946827A5B0EA6" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[693,853,475,501]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="53" refId="ref326218" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (2017) Blue-necked keelback at Upper Seletar. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 53." type="journal article" year="2017">Lim, 2017: 21</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Venus Drive [WNP]).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFD7B83BFF6B46A67B6A0B2E" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF6B46A67D2A0B0A" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF6B46A678050D4A" bold="true" box="[151,267,511,537]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</emphasis>
The native distribution of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFDB346A67BC20D4A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[591,716,511,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Heosemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFDB346A67BC20D4A" box="[591,716,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
covers
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFCD146A67A920D4A" box="[813,924,511,537]" name="Myanmar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFC5046A67AEB0D4A" box="[940,997,511,537]" name="Laos" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFC0946A67D550D4A" box="[1013,1115,511,537]" name="Thailand" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFB9746A67DEF0D4A" box="[1131,1249,511,537]" name="Cambodia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
, and Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFF0B457A78500D6E" box="[247,350,547,573]" name="Malaysia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(TTWG 2021). Early records of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFD2D457A7A440D6E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[721,842,547,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Heosemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFD2D457A7A440D6E" box="[721,842,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFC91457A7AD10D6E" box="[877,991,547,573]" name="Singapore" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFC11457A7DCE0D6E" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[1005,1216,547,573]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref312325" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1898">Hanitsch 1898: 19</bibRefCitation>
; Ridley 1899) were misidentified and later revealed to be
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFD49451E7AE30D32" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[693,1005,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Siebenrockiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicollis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFD49451E7AE30D32" box="[693,1005,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Siebenrockiella crassicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFBD6451E7C120D32" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[1066,1308,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Notochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platynota">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFBD6451E7C120D32" box="[1066,1308,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Notochelys platynota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFAB1451E784B0DD6" author="Flower, S. S." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower (1899)</bibRefCitation>
. The
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFE7F45327B000DD6" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[387,526,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Notochelys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platynota">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFE7F45327B000DD6" box="[387,526,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">N. platynota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen was from Seletar, but the
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFC5545327D480DD6" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[937,1094,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Siebenrockiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="crassicollis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFC5545327D480DD6" box="[937,1094,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">S. crassicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimen was from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFAD345327C920DD6" box="[1327,1436,619,645]" name="Myanmar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFD7B83BFEE545D678600DFA" box="[281,366,655,681]" country="Malaysia" name="Pulau Pinang" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Penang</collectingRegion>
, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFE0245D67B6B0DFA" box="[510,613,655,681]" name="Malaysia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFD8A45D67A3F0DFA" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[630,817,655,681]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch 1912b</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFCBB45D67AC50DFA" author="Lim, F. L. K." box="[839,971,655,681]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="17 - 19" refId="ref324614" refString="Lim, F. L. K. (1984) Reptile and amphibian encounters. In: Wee, Y. - C. (Ed.), Nature in an Urban Singapore. Proceedings of the Seminar on Nature in an Urban Singapore. Singapore Branch of the Malayan Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 17 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1984">Lim (1984)</bibRefCitation>
commented that
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFB6B45D67C1D0DFA" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1175,1299,655,681]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Heosemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFB6B45D67C1D0DFA" box="[1175,1299,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFF0B45EA78650D9E" box="[247,363,691,717]" name="Singapore" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, but did not reference or mention any records. As follows, the first actual account of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFAD845EA7C930D9E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1316,1437,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Heosemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFAD845EA7C930D9E" box="[1316,1437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFEE8458E78880DA2" box="[276,390,727,753]" name="Singapore" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Singapore</collectingCountry>
comes from an individual found at Seletar Airbase on
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFC11458E7DC90DA2" box="[1005,1223,726,753]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2005-09-11">11 September 2005</date>
(Ng &amp; Lim 2010). The next record is from
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFDF145A27BE70C46" box="[525,745,763,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2010-09-26">26 September 2010</date>
of an individual observed in NSSF (Tan &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFB2245A27C6E0C46" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[1246,1376,763,789]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="81" refId="ref325997" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (2013 b) Call of the masked swamp frog. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 81." type="journal article" year="2013">Lim 2013b</bibRefCitation>
), and another was seen at NSSF on
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFDC244467BC50C6A" box="[574,715,799,825]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2011-07-20">20 July 2011</date>
(A. Figueroa pers. obs.) demonstrating that
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFB4E44467C270C6A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1202,1321,799,825]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Heosemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFB4E44467C270C6A" box="[1202,1321,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
infiltrated CNR. Apparently,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFE35441A7B4D0C0E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[457,579,835,861]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Heosemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFE35441A7B4D0C0E" box="[457,579,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has established breeding populations as evident by a hatchling observed on
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFF0B443F788D0CD2" box="[247,387,870,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2012-05-05">5 May 2012</date>
at USRP (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFDFC443E7BD80CD2" author="Fung, T. K. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[512,726,871,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="120" refId="ref306626" refString="Fung, T. K. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (2013) Giant Asian pond terrapin hatchling at Upper Seletar. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2013, 120." type="journal article" year="2013">Fung &amp; Lim 2013</bibRefCitation>
) and a juvenile caught at Springside Avenue on
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFAFB443E7C920CD2" box="[1287,1436,871,897]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2014-07-17">17 July 2014</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFF0344D278E90CF6" author="Khong, S. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[255,487,907,933]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="205" refId="ref317875" refString="Khong, S. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (2014) Giant Asian pond terrapin at Springside estate. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 205." type="journal article" year="2014">Khong &amp; Lim 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFD7B83BFE0744D27BC40CF6" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[507,714,907,933]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Heosemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFE0744D27BC40CF6" box="[507,714,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Heosemys grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been recorded at Mandai (R. Subaraj 2015; S. Subaraj 2015), Jurong Lake Gardens in
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFDA444F67BE00C9A" box="[600,750,943,969]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2017-01">January 2017</date>
(A. Figueroa pers. obs.), Kranji Reservoir Park in
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFADE44F67C920C9A" box="[1314,1436,943,969]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2021-04">April 2021</date>
(A. Figueroa pers. obs.) (
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FFD7B83BFDE9448A7B7E0CBE" box="[533,624,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="353.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-23@353.[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="353" captionText="FIGURE 9. A) Batagur borneoensis, B) Cuora amboinensis, C) Cyclemys dentata, D) Heosemys grandis, E) Heosemys spinosa, F) Notochelys platynota, G) Siebenrockiella crassicollis, and H) Amyda cartilaginea. Photographs by: Marjorie Chong [A], Law Ing Sind [B], Nick Baker [C, F], Joys Tan [D], Kelvin K.P. Lim [E], Marcus A.H. Chua [G], and Alex Figueroa [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960337/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
), and multiple times at WNP on
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFC19448A7DB10CBE" box="[997,1215,979,1005]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2010-12-13">13 December 2010</date>
,
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFB30448A7C7A0CBE" box="[1228,1396,979,1005]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2014-08-07">7 August 2014</date>
,
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFA7C448A78A00B42" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2016-12-18">18 December 2016</date>
, and
<date id="7447BCA5FFD7B83BFE1044AE7B8B0B42" box="[492,645,1015,1041]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" value="2021-05-19">19 May 2021</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFD6B44AE7A140B42" author="Law, I. S." box="[663,794,1015,1041]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="255" refId="ref321055" refString="Law, I. S. (2014 c) Giant Asian pond terrapin at Venus Drive forest. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2014, 255." type="journal article" year="2014">Law 2014c</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFCDB44AE7D0D0B42" author="Chow, L. S. Y. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[807,1027,1015,1041]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="21" refId="ref297939" refString="Chow, L. S. Y. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (2017) A probable yellow-headed temple terrapin at Venus Drive. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2017, 21." type="journal article" year="2017">Chow &amp; Lim 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFD7B83BFBED44AE7DFE0B42" author="Mehta, D. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[1041,1264,1015,1041]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref330680" refString="Mehta, D. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (2021) Biodiversity Record: Repeat sightings of a giant Asian pond terrapin over a decade. Nature in Singapore, 14 (e 2021081), 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="2021">Mehta &amp; Lim 2021</bibRefCitation>
) revealing that it is widespread throughout
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFDC743427BBE0B66" box="[571,688,1051,1077]" name="Singapore" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Singapore</collectingCountry>
. Given
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFCF743427A810B66" box="[779,911,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">H. grandis’</emphasis>
widespread distribution in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFB3143427C310B66" box="[1229,1343,1051,1077]" name="Singapore" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Singapore</collectingCountry>
and the presence of young individuals, we declare it as established in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFC5743667D2E0B0A" box="[939,1056,1087,1113]" name="Singapore" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF6B433B7B6A0B2E" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[151,612,1122,1149]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF6B433B78240B2F" bold="true" box="[151,298,1122,1148]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Wide-ranging. Uncommon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFD7B83BFF6B43DF7BC40B96" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF6B43DF7BB30BF2" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[151,701,1158,1185]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF6B43DF7B0A0BF2" bold="true" box="[151,516,1158,1185]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFF6B43DF781E0BF3" box="[151,272,1158,1184]" name="Singapore" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Not Applicable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF6B43F37BC40B96" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[151,714,1194,1221]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF6B43F378AF0B97" bold="true" box="[151,417,1194,1220]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
None, non-native species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFD7B83BFF6B43977A270BBA" box="[151,809,1230,1257]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF6B43977A270BBA" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[151,809,1230,1257]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF6B439778DC0BBA" bold="true" box="[151,466,1230,1257]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Critically Endangered [2021].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFD7B83BFF6B43AB7C690A2A" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF6B43AB7A410A5E" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[151,847,1266,1293]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF6B43AB7BAD0A5F" bold="true" box="[151,675,1266,1293]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFD7B83BFF6B43AB78160A5F" box="[151,280,1266,1292]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFD7B83BFEC243AA78A20A5E" box="[318,428,1267,1293]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
Museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF6B424F7A390A62" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" box="[151,823,1302,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF6B424F7B840A63" bold="true" box="[151,650,1302,1329]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFEE2424F78990A63" box="[286,407,1302,1328]" name="Singapore" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFD7B83BFF6B42637C690A2A" blockId="77.[151,1437,150,1401]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFD7B83BFF6B426378830A07" bold="true" box="[151,397,1338,1364]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFD7B83BFF6B4263781E0A07" box="[151,272,1338,1364]" name="Singapore" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Kranji Reservoir Park—Jurong Lake Gardens—Mandai Bird Park—Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Seletar Airbase—Springside Avenue—Upper Seletar Reservoir Park—Windsor Nature Park.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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