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<document id="4C48FEA90C0676C04223569E8100046B" ID-CLB-Dataset="53474" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90d83153-c065-4771-9ac7-35dda67996b5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7960319" ID-ZooBank="78E23714-8973-4755-BC94-0A751D7D2B37" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1684793805841" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. &amp; Lim, Kelvin K. P." docDate="2023" docId="88502B73FFABB845FF6B40857D120AD9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5287.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5287 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Chalcorana labialis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="7469530BFF9AB876FFFC4759790E0F53" masterDocTitle="Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="378" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1699506952035" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="E231C398E76043D511F0432334ADA9F4">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3462CDD2DD4CD335EEAC2C62DE8F28F1">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4BD7F537DB130DE3E29790A0AA3331C8">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="88502B73FFABB845FF6B40857D120AD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967687" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662692" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7967687" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFABB845FF6B40857D120AD9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FFABB845FF6B40857D120AD9" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFABB847FF6B40857BB108A5" box="[151,703,2012,2039]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFABB847FF6B40857BB108A5" blockId="49.[151,703,2012,2039]" box="[151,703,2012,2039]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FFABB847FF6B40857BB108A5" box="[151,703,2012,2039]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFABB847FF6B40857B4208A4" ID-CoL="TGQN" ID-ENA="391865" authority="(Boulenger, 1887)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[151,588,2012,2039]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Chalcorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFABB847FF6B4085787508A4" bold="true" box="[151,379,2012,2039]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Chalcorana labialis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFABB847FE7640857B4A08A4" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[394,580,2012,2039]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref292005" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1887) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 575 pp., 40 pls." type="book" year="1887">Boulenger, 1887</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FFABB847FD9640857BB108A5" bold="true" box="[618,703,2012,2038]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Native.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA8B844FF0B47CE78840E4E" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF0B47CE7BB20FAA" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B47CE7BAF0FE2" ID-CoL="7935R" authority="Boulenger, 1887 c: 345" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="345" authorityYear="1887" box="[247,673,150,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B47CE789E0FE2" box="[247,400,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rana labialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FE6647CE7B540FE2" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[410,602,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref292005" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1887) Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). 2 nd Edition. Vol. III. Lacertidae, Gerrhosauridae, Scincidae, Anelytropidae, Dibamidae, Chamaeleontidae. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 575 pp., 40 pls." type="book" year="1887">Boulenger, 1887</bibRefCitation>
c: 345
</taxonomicName>
, 346, pl. 10, fig. 1.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFA8B844FC7647CE7AF00FE2" box="[906,1022,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
: BMNH 1947.2.3.40, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FEAB47E27B6B0F86" author="Inger, R. F. &amp; Stuart, B. L. &amp; Iskandar, D. T." box="[343,613,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="123 - 147" refId="ref315347" refString="Inger, R. F., Stuart, B. L. &amp; Iskandar, D. T. (2009) Systematics of a widespread southeast Asian frog, Rana chalconota (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155 (1), 123 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00440. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Inger
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FE6747E278DB0F86" box="[411,469,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
(2009: 132)
</bibRefCitation>
. Type locality: “obtained within a radius of fifty miles from the town of
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA8B844FEAB478678B50FAA" box="[343,443,223,249]" name="Malaysia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Malacca</collectingCountry>
”, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA8B844FDB247867BB60FAA" box="[590,696,223,249]" name="Malaysia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF6B465A78840E4E" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,394,259,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Copper-cheeked Frog</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA8B844FF6B467E7B320E12" box="[151,572,295,321]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF6B467E7B320E12" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,572,295,321]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FFA8B844FF63467E781F0E12" box="[159,273,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="350.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-34@350.[154,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="350" captionText="FIGURE 6. A) Microhyla cf. butleri, B) Microhyla cf. heymonsi, C) Microhyla mantheyi, D) Microhyla cf. mukhlesuri, E) Micryletta subaraji, F) Chalcorana labialis, G) Hylarana erythraea, and H) Pulchrana baramica. Photographs by: Kelvin K.P. Lim [A–B, G], Alex Figueroa [C–D, F], and Law Ing Thong [E, H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960331/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Figure 6F</figureCitation>
; Bukit Batok Nature Park)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA8B844FF6B461378760E36" box="[151,376,330,357]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF6B461378760E36" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,376,330,357]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF6B461378760E36" bold="true" box="[151,376,330,357]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA8B844FF6B4613781E0E37" box="[151,272,330,356]" name="Singapore" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA8B844FF0B46367B5F0A2A" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B463678800EDA" ID-CoL="7935R" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1887" box="[247,398,367,393]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B463678800EDA" box="[247,398,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rana labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FE5746367BBC0EDA" author="Flower, S. S." box="[427,690,367,393]" page="903" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FE5746367BBC0EDA" author="Flower, S. S." box="[427,690,367,393]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 903–904</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Tanglin [= TF]; Botanic Gardens).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FB9F46367C3A0EDA" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1123,1332,367,393]" page="896" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FB9F46367C3A0EDA" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1123,1332,367,393]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="885 - 916" refId="ref305929" refString="Flower, S. S. (1900) Notes on a second collection of batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 to September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1899 (4), 885 - 916, pls. 59 - 60. [conventionally cited as 1899 but published April 1900 (Duncan 1937: 75)]" type="journal article" year="1900">Flower, 1900: 896</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Botanic Gardens; Bukit Timah [BTNR]).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FD2846CA7AA90EFE" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[724,935,403,429]" page="11" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FD2846CA7AA90EFE" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[724,935,403,429]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="7 - 16" refId="ref312380" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1899) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1898. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 7 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1899">Hanitsch, 1899: 11</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Botanic Gardens; Impounding [MacRitchie] Reservoir [
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFA8B844FE2C46EE78F00E82" box="[464,510,439,465]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">MR</collectingRegion>
]).—A.L.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FD9146EE7A220E82" author="Butler, A. L." box="[621,812,439,465]" page="199" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1903">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FD9146EE7A220E82" author="Butler, A. L." box="[621,812,439,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="193 - 205" refId="ref293813" refString="Butler, A. L. (1903) A list of the batrachians known to inhabit the Malay Peninsula, with some remarks on their habits and distribution. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15 (2), 193 - 205." type="journal article" year="1903">Butler, 1903: 199</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FCB146EE7D770E82" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[845,1145,439,465]" page="242" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FCB146EE7D770E82" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[845,1145,439,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger, 1912: 242–243</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FB6546EE7C760E82" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[1177,1400,439,465]" page="18" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FB6546EE7C760E82" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[1177,1400,439,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch, 1912b: 18</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.— van
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FE7B46827BAE0EA6" author="Kampen, P. N. van" box="[391,672,475,501]" page="220" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1923">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FE7B46827BAE0EA6" author="Kampen, P. N. van" box="[391,672,475,501]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref317150" refString="Kampen, P. N. van (1923) The Amphibia of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. E. J. Brill, Leiden, x + 304 pp." type="book" year="1923">Kampen, 1923: 220–221</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF0B46A67D500D4A" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[247,1118,511,537]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFFA8B844FF0B46A67D500D4A" box="[247,1118,511,537]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B46A67B340D4A" ID-CoL="4RDLG" authority="Schlegel, 1837" box="[247,570,511,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalconota" subGenus="Hylarana">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B46A6783C0D4B" box="[247,306,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rana</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FEBF46A678A00D4A" box="[323,430,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hylarana</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FE4246A67B340D4A" box="[446,570,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">chalconota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non-Schlegel, 1837)—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FCB546A67D2F0D4A" author="Bourret, R." box="[841,1057,511,537]" page="368" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FCB546A67D2F0D4A" author="Bourret, R." box="[841,1057,511,537]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref292873" refString="Bourret, R. (1942) Les Batraciens de l'Indochine. Institut oceanographique de l'Indochine, Hanoi, x + 547 pp., 4 pls." type="book" year="1942">Bourret, 1942: 368</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 369.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF0B457A7A1F0CF6" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFFA8B844FF0B457A7A1F0CF6" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B457A78B50D6E" ID-CoL="4RDLG" authority="Schlegel, 1837" box="[247,443,547,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalconota">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B457A78B50D6E" box="[247,443,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rana chalconota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non Schlegel, 1837)—D.S.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FCE4457A7AFF0D6E" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[792,1009,547,573]" page="28" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FCE4457A7AFF0D6E" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[792,1009,547,573]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref316687" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Singapore, x + 106 pp." type="book" year="1964">Johnson, 1964: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K.P., 1988a: 6 (Bukit Timah Hill [BTNR]; Nee Soon [NSSF]).—K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FD0F451E7AA40D32" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." box="[755,938,583,609]" page="28" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FD0F451E7AA40D32" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." box="[755,938,583,609]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="74 - 77" refId="ref325357" refString="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F. (1988 c) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (4), 74 - 77." type="journal article" year="1988">Lim, 1988c: 28</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FA9B451E78CA0DD6" author="Lim, K." page="78" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FA9B451E78CA0DD6" author="Lim, K." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="77 - 78" refId="ref324977" refString="Lim, K. (1988 f) Amphibians. The Pangolin, 1 (4), 77 - 78." type="journal article" year="1988">Lim, 1988f: 78</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Bukit Timah [BTNR]; Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—K.K.P. Lim, 1989a: 56 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 56.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; C.M. Yang, 1991: 223– 224 (Botanic Gardens; Hindhede Drive; Jungle Fall Valley [BTNR]; Pasir Laba Military Exercise Area).—D.S.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FE0F458E7BCD0DA2" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[499,707,727,753]" page="40" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FE0F458E7BCD0DA2" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[499,707,727,753]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref316808" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1992) Natural History of Singapore. Revised Edition. Tynron Press, Leicestershire, ix + 142 pp." type="book" year="1992">Johnson, 1992: 40</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FC29458E7DAF0DA2" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[981,1185,727,753]" page="30" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FC29458E7DAF0DA2" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[981,1185,727,753]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 30–31</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 143.—Wee, 1992: 73 (Lower Peirce Reservoir [LP]).—E.K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FCFB45A27ABF0C46" author="Chua, E. K." box="[775,945,763,789]" page="83" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FCFB45A27ABF0C46" author="Chua, E. K." box="[775,945,763,789]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref297976" refString="Chua, E. K. (1993) Nature in Singapore, Ours to Protect. The Nature Society, Singapore, 132 pp." type="book" year="1993">Chua, 1993: 83</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—L.M.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FBEE45A27DF20C46" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[1042,1276,763,789]" page="93" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FBEE45A27DF20C46" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[1042,1276,763,789]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FBA945A27D820C46" box="[1109,1164,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 93
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K.K.P.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FA9245A278D90C6A" author="Lim, K. K. P." page="330" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FA9245A278D90C6A" author="Lim, K. K. P." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="208 - 211" refId="ref325781" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1994 a) Amphibians. In: Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Wee, Y. C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 208 - 211." type="book chapter" year="1994">Lim 1994a: 330</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—L.M.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FDC544467BF60C6A" author="Chou, L. M." box="[569,760,798,825]" page="146" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FDC544467BF60C6A" author="Chou, L. M." box="[569,760,798,825]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref297324" refString="Chou, L. M. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles. In: Chin, S. C., Corlett, R. T., Wee, Y. C. &amp; Geh, S. Y. (Eds.), Rain Forest in the City: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, Supplement 3, pp. 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1995">Chou, 1995: 146</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—T.M. Leong &amp; L.M. Chou, 1997: 99 (Central Catchment Area).—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Rajathurai, 1997: 398.—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FC15441A7D2D0C0E" box="[1001,1059,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999: 17.—T.M. Leong &amp; L.M. Chou, 1999: 104–106.—T.M.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FD56443E7A5A0CD2" author="Leong, T. M." box="[682,852,871,897]" page="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FD56443E7A5A0CD2" author="Leong, T. M." box="[682,852,871,897]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="2 - 8" refId="ref323035" refString="Leong, T. M. (2000) Amphibian tales. Nature Watch, 8 (4), 2 - 8." type="journal article" year="2000">Leong, 2000: 2</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FBB1443E7DF70CD2" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1101,1273,871,897]" page="144" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2002">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FBB1443E7DF70CD2" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1101,1273,871,897]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 144</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Bickford
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FA74443E787A0CF6" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010: 122.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 22.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF0B44F67A960C9A" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[247,920,942,969]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFFA8B844FF0B44F67A960C9A" box="[247,920,942,969]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B44F678970C9B" ID-CoL="78R8N" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[247,409,943,968]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raniceps">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B44F678970C9B" box="[247,409,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rana raniceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non Peters, 1871)—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA8B844FD7644F67A9A0C9A" author="Das, I. &amp; Haas, A." box="[650,916,942,969]" page="380" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FD7644F67A9A0C9A" author="Das, I. &amp; Haas, A." box="[650,916,942,969]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref301039" refString="Das, I. &amp; Haas, A. (2005) Sources of larval identities for amphibians from Borneo. Herpetological Review, 36 (4), 375 - 381." type="journal article" year="2005">Das &amp; Haas, 2005: 380</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF0B448A7B2B0B66" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B448A78FF0CBF" ID-CoL="3N8LQ" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[247,497,979,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hydrophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="raniceps">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B448A78FF0CBF" box="[247,497,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hydrophylax raniceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(non Peters, 1871)—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 63, 158 (Pulau Tekong).—E.K. Chua, 2015: 128.—H.C.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FD7D44AE7A670B42" author="Ho, H. C. &amp; Lai, C. K. &amp; Tham, W. H." box="[641,873,1014,1041]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="40" refId="ref313753" refString="Ho, H. C., Lai, C. K. &amp; Tham, W. H. (2015) Green Rail Corridor: A Guide to the Ecology and Heritage of the Former Railway Land. Nature Society and Singapore Heritage Society, Singapore, 18 + [40] pp." type="journal article" year="2015">
Ho
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FD5344AE7BE30B42" box="[687,749,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 24
</bibRefCitation>
(Clementi Forest).—H.C. Ho
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FB2944AE7C1D0B42" box="[1237,1299,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019: 125 (Clementi Forest).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF0B43667B2B0A5E" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B436678CC0B0A" ID-CoL="6MMSN" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[247,450,1087,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B436678CC0B0A" box="[247,450,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hylarana labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—D.C.J. Yeo
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FD9B43667BAA0B0A" box="[615,676,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010: 159.—L.L.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FC7743667D630B0A" author="Grismer, L. L." box="[907,1133,1087,1113]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref309689" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011 a) Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago (Peninsular Malaysia). Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 239 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer, 2011a: 74</bibRefCitation>
.—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FAF243667C450B0A" box="[1294,1355,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 332.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 63, 159.—T.M. Leong, 2014: 8 (Bukit Kalang [SRF]).—R. Subaraj, 2015: 9, 52, 54 (Project Western Boundary [= MBP]; Ulu Sembawang Forest; Upper Seletar Peninsula [= USNF]).—S. Subaraj, 2015: 3, 5 (Project Western Boundary [= MBP]; Upper Seletar Peninsula [= USNF]).—S.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FCF443967D2C0BBA" author="Chong, S. M. &amp; Yan, B. T. &amp; Wong, W. K. &amp; Siow, H. J. &amp; Fernandez, C. J." box="[776,1058,1230,1257]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="252 - 254" refId="ref296927" refString="Chong, S. M., Sng, W., Yan, B. T., Wong, W. K., Siow, H. J. &amp; Fernandez, C. J. (2018) Prevalence of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild amphibians, Singapore. Herpetological Review, 49 (2), 252 - 254." type="journal article" year="2018">
Chong
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FCA243967A970BBA" box="[862,921,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 253
</bibRefCitation>
, 254.—H.C. Ho
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FB1543967C2B0BBA" box="[1257,1317,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019: 67 (Clementi Forest).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF0B424E7B5F0A2A" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B424E78D60A62" ID-CoL="TGQN" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[247,472,1303,1329]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Chalcorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B424E78D60A62" box="[247,472,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Chalcorana labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FDB8424E7A210A62" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L." box="[580,815,1303,1329]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="165 - 198" refId="ref327018" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198." type="journal article" year="2016">
Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FD86424E7BBF0A62" box="[634,689,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016: 173
</bibRefCitation>
(Pulau Tekong).—Goldberg
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FB89424E7DA30A62" box="[1141,1197,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017: 229.—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Thomas, 2019: 146, 152, 174, 179 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve; Dairy Farm Nature Park; Rifle Range Pipeline).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA8B844FF6B42DA7D4C088E" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF6B42DA7B2B0902" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF6B42DA78050ACE" bold="true" box="[151,267,1411,1437]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FEEE42DA78FA0ACE" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[274,500,1411,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Chalcorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FEEE42DA78FA0ACE" box="[274,500,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Chalcorana labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an intricate taxonomic history, being part of the
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FBBA42DA7C0A0ACE" box="[1094,1284,1411,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalconota">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FBBA42DA7C0A0ACE" box="[1094,1284,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rana chalconota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex and part of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FEBA42FE78BF0A92" box="[326,433,1447,1473]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FEBA42FE78BF0A92" box="[326,433,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hylarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both of which occupied large geographic areas prior to taxonomic reclassifications.
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FA9D42FE787D0AB6" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalconota">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FA9D42FE787D0AB6" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Rana chalconota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ranged from southern
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA8B844FD8142927BEF0AB6" box="[637,737,1483,1509]" name="Thailand" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Thailand</collectingCountry>
south to Sumatra, Borneo, and Java (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FB6B42927C500AB6" author="Inger, R. F. &amp; Stuart, B. L. &amp; Iskandar, D. T." box="[1175,1374,1483,1509]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="123 - 147" refId="ref315347" refString="Inger, R. F., Stuart, B. L. &amp; Iskandar, D. T. (2009) Systematics of a widespread southeast Asian frog, Rana chalconota (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155 (1), 123 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00440. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Inger
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FB2142927C160AB6" box="[1245,1304,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
), and
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B42B6786C095A" box="[247,354,1519,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B42B6786C095A" box="[247,354,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hylarana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extended from Africa to
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA8B844FD8B42B67BD0095A" box="[631,734,1519,1545]" name="Australia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Australia</collectingCountry>
(Oliver
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FCC742B67A7D095A" box="[827,883,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2015). Ultimately,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FBB642B67DB0095A" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1098,1214,1519,1545]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Chalcorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FBB642B67DB0095A" box="[1098,1214,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was separated from
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FF0B414A7B7F097E" authority="(Inger et al. 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Inger" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[247,625,1555,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Rana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalconota">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF0B414A789B097E" box="[247,405,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">R. chalconota</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FE5A414A7B67097E" author="Inger, R. F. &amp; Stuart, B. L. &amp; Iskandar, D. T." box="[422,617,1555,1581]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="123 - 147" refId="ref315347" refString="Inger, R. F., Stuart, B. L. &amp; Iskandar, D. T. (2009) Systematics of a widespread southeast Asian frog, Rana chalconota (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155 (1), 123 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00440. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Inger
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FE10414A7B28097E" box="[492,550,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and from
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FD17414A7D31097E" authority="(Oliver et al. 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Oliver" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[747,1087,1554,1581]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FD17414A7A58097E" box="[747,854,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hylarana</emphasis>
(Oliver
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FC46414A7AFB097E" box="[954,1013,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2015)
</taxonomicName>
on the basis of molecular and morphological differences.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FEAB41027BE308EA" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
The existence of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FDE541027B800926" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[537,654,1627,1653]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Chalcorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FDE541027B800926" box="[537,654,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA8B844FD4F41027A2B0926" box="[691,805,1627,1653]" name="Singapore" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Singapore</collectingCountry>
was first specified by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FBDF41027DCB0926" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1059,1221,1627,1653]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower (1896)</bibRefCitation>
from specimens in NHMUK caught by Ridley in 1895, from
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFFA8B844FD3541267A6109CA" box="[713,879,1663,1689]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
that Flower himself collected in a pond at Tanglin on
<date id="7447BCA5FFA8B844FEE741FA78A209EE" box="[283,428,1699,1725]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1896-04-02">2 April 1896</date>
, and from tadpoles found at SBG in the same month. Two years later in
<date id="7447BCA5FFA8B844FB2241FA7C9609EE" box="[1246,1432,1699,1725]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1898-09">September 1898</date>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FF0B419E788009B2" author="Flower, S. S." box="[247,398,1735,1761]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower (1899</bibRefCitation>
a) observed several individuals at SBG and BTNR. After
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FBF4419E7D9009B2" author="Butler, A. L." box="[1032,1182,1735,1761]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="193 - 205" refId="ref293813" refString="Butler, A. L. (1903) A list of the batrachians known to inhabit the Malay Peninsula, with some remarks on their habits and distribution. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15 (2), 193 - 205." type="journal article" year="1903">Butler (1903)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned a specimen he received from Ridley,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA8B844FDE641B27B9F0856" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[538,657,1771,1797]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Chalcorana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="labialis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FDE641B27B9F0856" box="[538,657,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">C. labialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not reported from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA8B844FC5D41B27D1D0856" box="[929,1043,1771,1797]" name="Singapore" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Singapore</collectingCountry>
until 61 years later when
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FABC41B2784C087A" author="Johnson, D. S." pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref316687" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Singapore, x + 106 pp." type="book" year="1964">Johnson (1964)</bibRefCitation>
said it was common along quick-moving streams of the catchment area, and then went unreported for another 24 years until
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FDDB406A7BB6081E" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." box="[551,696,1843,1869]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="49 - 51" refId="ref325330" refString="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F. (1988 b) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 49 - 51." type="journal article" year="1988">Lim (1988b)</bibRefCitation>
reported it from BTNR and NSSF. However, there are museum specimens from the 1950s at BPBM and FMNH.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FCD3400E7D150822" author="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P." box="[815,1051,1879,1905]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refId="ref289917" refString="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp." type="book" year="2012">Baker &amp; Lim (2012)</bibRefCitation>
commented that two forms occur sympatrically in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA8B844FE4B40227B2508C6" box="[439,555,1915,1941]" name="Singapore" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, a larger, darker morph vs. a smaller, paler morph, referring to differences in tadpoles examined in
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA8B844FE1040C67BE708EA" author="Leong, T. M. &amp; Chou, L. M." box="[492,745,1951,1977]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" pagination="81 - 137" refId="ref323303" refString="Leong, T. M. &amp; Chou, L. M. (1999) Larval diversity and development in the Singapore Anura (Amphibia). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 47 (1), 81 - 137." type="journal article" year="1999">Leong &amp; Chou (1999)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA8B844FF6B409B7D4C088E" blockId="50.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,1090,1986,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA8B844FF6B409B7824088F" bold="true" box="[151,298,1986,2012]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Wide-ranging. Common. Rare outside of CNR except for WC and PT.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA9B845FF6B47CF7D120AD9" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA9B845FF6B47CF7BBB0FE2" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[151,693,150,177]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FF6B47CF7B0A0FE2" bold="true" box="[151,516,150,177]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA9B845FF6B47CF781E0FE3" box="[151,272,150,176]" name="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Least Concern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA9B845FF6B47E37B0C0F86" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[151,514,186,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FF6B47E378AF0F87" bold="true" box="[151,417,186,212]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Lowest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA9B845FF6B47877BDB0FAA" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,1293]" box="[151,725,222,249]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FF6B478778DC0FAA" bold="true" box="[151,466,222,249]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2022].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA9B845FF6B465B7A900CBE" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FF6B465B7AD60E4F" bold="true" box="[151,984,258,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FF6B465B7ADD0E4F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687807" box="[151,979,258,285]" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" country="Singapore" location="Museum" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FF6B465B78160E4F" box="[151,280,258,284]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FEB8465A78BC0E4E" box="[324,434,259,285]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<location id="0526CCBEFFA9B845FE41465A7B2B0E4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFABB845FF6B40857D120AD9:0526CCBEFFA9B845FE41465A7B2B0E4E" box="[445,549,259,285]" country="Singapore" name="Museum" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Museum</location>
specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA9B845FD46465B7A3D0E4F" box="[698,819,258,284]" name="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality)
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FC1E465A7C340E4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688258" box="[994,1338,258,285]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCode="BMNH 1895.1" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="505F321EFFA9B845FC1E465A7D800E4E" box="[994,1166,258,285]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BMNH 1895.1</specimenCode>
.8.12 (no date)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FAB4465A7BB80E37" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688549" collectionCode="BMNH, ZRC" collectorName="Botanic Gardens" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FAB4465A7C920E4E" box="[1352,1436,259,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BMNH</collectionCode>
1896.6.25.76–77 (no date),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FDBB467E7B950E12" box="[583,667,295,321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BMNH</collectionCode>
1896.6.25.110–119 (no date),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FBE8467E7D660E12" box="[1044,1128,295,321]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">BMNH</collectionCode>
1899.2.21.4–5 (no date),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FF0B4612783F0E36" box="[247,305,331,357]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.496 (1800s);
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFA9B845FE1946137BB80E37" box="[485,694,330,356]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FE1946137BB80E37" bold="true" box="[485,694,330,356]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Botanic Gardens</emphasis>
</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FD4A46137BB50E37" bold="true" box="[694,699,330,356]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FD3946127AFD0E36" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689616" box="[709,1011,331,357]" collectingDate="1898-04-18" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FD3946127BF10E36" box="[709,767,331,357]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.497 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFA9B845FCA846127AE50E36" box="[852,1003,331,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1898-04-18">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFA9B845FCA846127AE50E36" box="[852,1003,331,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1898-04-18">18-Apr-1898</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FBFE46137C0F0E36" bold="true" box="[1026,1281,330,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FBFE46137DF70E36" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689401" box="[1026,1273,330,357]" collectionCode="SRF" country="Singapore" location="Bukit Kalang" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<location id="0526CCBEFFA9B845FBFE46137DA80E36" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFABB845FF6B40857D120AD9:0526CCBEFFA9B845FBFE46137DA80E36" box="[1026,1190,330,357]" country="Singapore" name="Bukit Kalang" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bukit Kalang</location>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FB4B46137DE00E37" box="[1207,1262,330,356]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14015" name="Shangrao Forestry Institute" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">SRF</collectionCode>
]
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FAF746127BBD0EDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687894" collectingDate="1996-08" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FAF746127C4B0E36" box="[1291,1349,331,357]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.3394,
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FF0B4636783E0EDA" box="[247,304,367,393]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.3396–
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FE6C463678C70EDA" box="[400,457,367,393]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.3397 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFA9B845FDCF46367BA40EDA" box="[563,682,367,393]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1996-08">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFA9B845FDCF46367BA40EDA" box="[563,682,367,393]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1996-08">Aug-1996</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FD3446377D490EDA" bold="true" box="[712,1095,366,393]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FD3446377D4C0EDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688907" box="[712,1090,366,393]" country="Singapore" location="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<location id="0526CCBEFFA9B845FD3446377D4C0EDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFABB845FF6B40857D120AD9:0526CCBEFFA9B845FD3446377D4C0EDA" box="[712,1090,366,393]" country="Singapore" name="Bukit Timah Nature Reserve" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve</location>
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FBA446377C960EDA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687923" box="[1112,1432,366,393]" collectingDate="1973-10-10" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FBA446377D9F0EDA" box="[1112,1169,366,393]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.1546 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFA9B845FB0046367C810EDA" box="[1276,1423,367,393]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1973-10-10">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFA9B845FB0046367C810EDA" box="[1276,1423,367,393]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1973-10-10">10-Oct-1973</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FF0B46CA7B120EFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688843" box="[247,540,403,429]" collectingDate="1987-02" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FF0B46CA783F0EFE" box="[247,305,403,429]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.1781 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFA9B845FE5F46CA7B1A0EFE" box="[419,532,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1987-02">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFA9B845FE5F46CA7B1A0EFE" box="[419,532,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1987-02">Feb-1987</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FDC646CA7A9B0EFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688109" box="[570,917,403,429]" collectingDate="2002-12-31" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FDC646CA7B7D0EFE" box="[570,627,403,429]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.10324 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFA9B845FD0F46CA7A830EFE" box="[755,909,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2002-12-31">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFA9B845FD0F46CA7A830EFE" box="[755,909,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2002-12-31">31-Dec-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FC4E46CA7C960EFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688414" box="[946,1432,403,429]" collectingDate="2000-12-30" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FC4E46CA7AE50EFE" box="[946,1003,403,429]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.6236–
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FBB046CA7D8B0EFE" box="[1100,1157,403,429]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.6277 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFA9B845FB0B46CA7C9E0EFE" box="[1271,1424,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2000-12-30">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFA9B845FB0B46CA7C9E0EFE" box="[1271,1424,403,429]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2000-12-30">30-Dec-2000</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FF0B46EF7BDD0E82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687417" box="[247,723,438,465]" collectingDate="1986-11-22" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FF0B46EF783C0E82" box="[247,306,438,465]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.1515,
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FE6E46EF78C50E82" box="[402,459,438,465]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.1519 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFA9B845FDD346EE7BC50E82" box="[559,715,439,465]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1986-11-22">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFA9B845FDD346EE7BC50E82" box="[559,715,439,465]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1986-11-22">22-Nov-1986</collectingDate>
</date>
)
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,
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:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFA9B845FE52448A7A940CBE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688295" box="[430,922,979,1006]" collectingDate="2004-04-01" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FE52448A78E80CBD" box="[430,486,979,1006]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.11335–
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FDA8448A7B820CBD" box="[596,652,979,1006]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">ZRC</collectionCode>
.1.11336 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFA9B845FD06448A7A9C0CBE" box="[762,914,979,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2004-04-01">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFA9B845FD06448A7A9C0CBE" box="[762,914,979,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2004-04-01">01-Apr-2004</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA9B845FF6B44AF7D100B66" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FF6B44AF7ABC0B43" bold="true" box="[151,946,1014,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA9B845FEE344AF78960B43" box="[287,408,1014,1040]" name="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA9B845FD6B44AF7A1E0B43" box="[663,784,1014,1040]" name="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality):
</emphasis>
CAS, FMNH;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FB9E44AF7C0B0B43" bold="true" box="[1122,1285,1014,1040]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Bukit Timah:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FAF244AE7C6D0B42" box="[1294,1379,1015,1041]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FA9344AE7B3D0B67" bold="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Nee Soon Rifle Range [=
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FE1143437B280B67" box="[493,550,1050,1076]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14549" name="University of Liverpool Botanic Gardens" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">NSS</collectionCode>
]:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FDC643427B850B66" box="[570,651,1051,1077]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
;
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FD6B43427ADD0B67" bold="true" box="[663,979,1050,1077]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Nee Soon Swamp [=
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FC7143437AC80B67" box="[909,966,1050,1076]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14549" name="University of Liverpool Botanic Gardens" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Herbarium">NSS</collectionCode>
]:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFA9B845FC2643427D140B66" box="[986,1050,1051,1077]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="Museum">ZMB</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA9B845FF6B43677D930A5E" blockId="51.[151,1437,150,1293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FF6B436778850B0B" bold="true" box="[151,395,1086,1112]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA9B845FF6B4367781E0B0B" box="[151,272,1086,1112]" name="Singapore" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Bukit Batok Nature Park—Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Clementi Forest—Dairy Farm Nature Park—Hindhede Drive—Lower Peirce—Lower Peirce Forest—Lower Peirce Reservoir— MacRitchie Reservoir—Mandai Bird Park—Mandai Road—Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Pasir Laba—Pasir Laba Military Exercise Area—Pulau Tekong—Rifle Range Nature Park—Rifle Range Road—Rifle Range Pipeline—Sime Road Forest—Singapore Botanic Gardens—Tyersall Forest—Ulu Sembawang Forest— Upper Seletar North Forest—Upper Seletar Reservoir Park—Windsor Nature Park.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA9B845FDEB42297D120AD9" blockId="51.[535,1052,1391,1418]" box="[535,1052,1391,1418]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FDEB42297D120AD9" bold="true" box="[535,1052,1391,1418]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA9B845FD9342367A9B0AD9" authority="Tschudi, 1838" authorityName="Tschudi" authorityYear="1838" box="[623,917,1391,1418]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Hylarana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA9B845FD9342367BED0AD9" bold="true" box="[623,739,1391,1418]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Hylarana</emphasis>
Tschudi, 1838
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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