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<treatment id="88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7986069" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209661801" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7986069" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89" lastPageId="162" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF6B463F7A530E2C" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" box="[151,861,357,384]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FF3BB8D7FF6B463F7A530E2C" box="[151,861,357,384]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FF6B463F7B270ED3" box="[151,553,357,384]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalum">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF6B463F78CF0ED3" bold="true" box="[151,449,357,384]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Gonyosoma oxycephalum</emphasis>
(H. Boie
</taxonomicName>
in F. Boie, 1827)—
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FCF4463C7A530E2C" bold="true" box="[776,861,357,383]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Native.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF3BB8D7FF0B46D37BC80E9B" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF0B46D37BC80E9B" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FF0B46D37B4A0EF7" authority="H. Boie" authorityName="H. Boie" box="[247,580,394,420]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF0B46D378E70EF7" box="[247,489,394,420]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Coluber Oxycephalus</emphasis>
H. Boie
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF3BB8D7FD9946D37BB90EF7" box="[613,695,394,420]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">F. Boie</collectorName>
, 1827: 537.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF3BB8D7FCC046D37AA70EF7" box="[828,937,394,420]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: RMNH.RENA.677, by original designation. Type locality: “
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF3BB8D7FDFF46F77B340E9B" box="[515,570,430,456]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Java</collectingRegion>
”,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF3BB8D7FDAD46F77BCC0E9B" box="[593,706,430,456]" name="Indonesia" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF3BB8D7FF6B468B78240D43" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF6B468B785A0EBF" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" box="[151,340,466,492]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Red-tailed Racer</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF6B46AF78240D43" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" box="[151,298,502,528]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF3BB8D7FF6346AF782F0D43" box="[159,289,502,528]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="362.[152,255,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-34@362.[153,1435,181,1922]" captionTargetPageId="362" captionText="FIGURE 18. A) Boiga cynodon, B) Boiga drapiezii, C) Boiga jaspidea, D) Boiga melanota, E) Coelognathus flavolineatus, F) Gongylosoma baliodeira, G) Gonyosoma oxycephalum, and H) Liopeltis tricolor. Photographs by: Alex Figueroa [A, D, G], Kelvin K.P. Lim [B, C, H], Norman T.-L. Lim [E], and Nick Baker [F]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960355/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Figure 18G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF3BB8D7FF6B454078760D67" box="[151,376,537,564]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF6B454078760D67" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" box="[151,376,537,564]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF6B454078760D67" bold="true" box="[151,376,537,564]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF3BB8D7FF6B4540781E0D60" box="[151,272,537,563]" name="Singapore" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF3BB8D7FF0B45677A470AC6" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF0B456778CB0B5B" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FF0B45677B190D0B" authority="(Boie, 1827)" box="[247,535,574,600]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalum">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF0B45677B190D0B" box="[247,535,574,600]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Gonyosoma oxycephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FDCF45667A190D0B" author="Gnther, A." box="[563,791,574,602]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref311864" refString="Gnther, A. (1858 b) Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xvi + 281 pp." type="book" year="1858">Ģnther, 1858b: 122</bibRefCitation>
.—Taylor, 1965: 713.—F.L.K. Lim &amp; M.T.-M. Lee, 1989: 117.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 53.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FC48453B7DB10D2E" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[948,1215,610,637]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FC01453A7D370D2F" box="[1021,1081,610,636]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 105
</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FB1C453B78B20DF3" author="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G." pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref301675" refString="David, P. &amp; Vogel, G. (1996) The Snakes of Sumatra: An Annotated Checklist and Key with Natural History Notes. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt-am-Main, 260 pp." type="book" year="1996">David &amp; Vogel, 1996: 92</bibRefCitation>
.—R. Subaraj, 1996: 101.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FD0F45DF7D8F0DF2" author="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W." box="[755,1153,646,673]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref329083" refString="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey &amp; Grossmann, 1997: 355</bibRefCitation>
.—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FAE945DE7C400DF3" box="[1301,1358,646,672]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999: 33.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FE6E45F37BD80D97" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." box="[402,726,682,708]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar &amp; Colijn, 2001: 64</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FD0B45F37D0D0D96" author="Fry, B. G. &amp; Ramjan, S. F. R. &amp; Jackson, T. &amp; Martelli, P. &amp; Kini, R. M." box="[759,1027,682,709]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="2047 - 2062" refId="ref306442" refString="Fry, B. G., W ¸ ster, W., Ramjan, S. F. R., Jackson, T., Martelli, P. &amp; Kini, R. M. (2003 b) Analysis of Colubroidea snake venoms by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry: evolutionary and toxinological implications. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 17 (18), 2047 - 2062. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / rcm. 1148" type="journal article" year="2003">
Fry
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FCD445F27A6C0D97" box="[808,866,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 2003b: 2050
</bibRefCitation>
.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 103, 161.—K.K.P. Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FDCC45967B640DBB" box="[560,618,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 265.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FCEE45977ACC0DBB" author="Das, I." box="[786,962,718,745]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 280</bibRefCitation>
.—L.L.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FBE145977C060DBB" author="Grismer, L. L." box="[1053,1288,718,744]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref309689" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011 a) Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago (Peninsular Malaysia). Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 239 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer, 2011a: 199</bibRefCitation>
.—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FEAB45AA789A0C5F" box="[343,404,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 273.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 103, 161.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FBDB45AB7DD50C5F" author="Das, I." box="[1063,1243,754,780]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref300872" refString="Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das, 2012a: 42</bibRefCitation>
.—Schulz, 2013: 129.—Wallach
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FDF5444E7B4A0C63" box="[521,580,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 315.—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FCA0444E7A990C63" box="[860,919,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 167.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FBC5444F7C740C63" author="Dieckmann, S. &amp; Norval, G. &amp; Mao, J. J." box="[1081,1402,790,817]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="32 - 33" refId="ref303580" refString="Dieckmann, S., Norval, G. &amp; Mao, J. J. (2015) A gravid Indonesian Red-tailed Green Ratsnake (Gonyosoma oxycephalum [Boie 1827]) in the pet trade. Reptiles &amp; Amphibians, 22 (1), 32 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / randa. v 22 i 1.14033" type="journal article" year="2015">
Dieckmann
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FB35444E7C0D0C63" box="[1225,1283,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 32
</bibRefCitation>
.— Groenewoud &amp; I.S. Law, 2015: 50 (“western area of Mandai”).—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FB5844637C920C07" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L." box="[1188,1436,826,852]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="165 - 198" refId="ref327018" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198." type="journal article" year="2016">
Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FB2144627C160C07" box="[1245,1304,826,852]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016: 183
</bibRefCitation>
(Pulau Tekong).—M.F.C. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FD5044067BE80C2B" box="[684,742,862,888]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016: 42 (Lower Peirce Reservoir; Venus Loop [WNP]).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FEAB44DB7BAF0CCF" author="Khew, Y. T. J. &amp; Yokohari, M." box="[343,673,898,924]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 21" refId="ref317828" refString="Khew, Y. T. J. &amp; Yokohari, M. (2017) Recommendations for urban biodiversity conservation in the context of landscape preference in Singapore. Cities and the Environment (CATE), 10 (1), 1 - 21." type="journal article" year="2017">Khew &amp; Yokohari, 2017: 11</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FD3844DB7AA50CCE" author="de Lang, R." box="[708,939,898,925]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref302593" refString="de Lang, R. (2017) The Snakes of Java, Bali and Surrounding Islands. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 435 pp." type="book" year="2017">de Lang, 2017: 153</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FC3244DB7D7B0CCE" author="Das, I." box="[974,1141,898,925]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref300966" refString="Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2018">Das, 2018: 52</bibRefCitation>
.—M.M.Q. Tan, 2018: 55 (MacRitchie Forest).—S. Ng, 2019: 153 (Thomson Nature Park).—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Thomas, 2019: 163, 181 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FCC644937D130CB7" author="Charlton, T." box="[826,1053,970,996]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref295882" refString="Charlton, T. (2020) A Guide to Snakes of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd., Kota Kinabalu, viii + 299 pp." type="book" year="2020">Charlton, 2020: 169</bibRefCitation>
.—White, 2020: 106 (Bukit Drive [BTNR]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF0B434B7A7B0B03" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF3BB8D7FF0B434B7A7B0B03" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FF0B434B78E90B7F" box="[247,487,1042,1068]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF0B434B78E90B7F" box="[247,487,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Coluber oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Sclater, 1891a: 33.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF3BB8D7FD09434B7AED0B7E" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[757,995,1042,1069]" page="56" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FD09434B7AED0B7E" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[757,995,1042,1069]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref292451" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1894) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. II. Containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae. Taylor and Francis, London, xi + 382 pp., 20 pls." type="book" year="1894">Boulenger, 1894: 56</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF3BB8D7FBF8434B7DD70B7F" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1028,1241,1042,1069]" page="883" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FBF8434B7DD70B7F" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1028,1241,1042,1069]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 883</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF3BB8D7FB07434B788C0B03" author="Flower, S. S." page="668" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FB07434B788C0B03" author="Flower, S. S." pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 668</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Ridley, 1899: 208.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF3BB8D7FD72436F7A7E0B03" author="de Rooij, N." box="[654,880,1078,1104]" page="104" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" year="1917">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FD72436F7A7E0B03" author="de Rooij, N." box="[654,880,1078,1104]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref303264" refString="de Rooij, N. (1917) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 334 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10610" type="book" year="1917">de Rooij, 1917: 104</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF0B430378C10A7B" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FF0B43037B090B27" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1912" box="[247,519,1114,1140]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF0B43037B090B27" box="[247,519,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Gonyosoma oxycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Sworder, 1923: 64.—K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FCBE43037AE60B27" author="Lim, K." box="[834,1000,1114,1140]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="6 - 12" refId="ref325200" refString="Lim, K. (1990 a) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 3 (1 - 4), 6 - 12." type="journal article" year="1990">Lim, 1990a: 7</bibRefCitation>
(Sime Road Forest).—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FE5843277B4D0BCA" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[420,579,1150,1177]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 55</bibRefCitation>
, 145.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FD1643277AF00BCB" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R." box="[746,1022,1150,1176]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref326394" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R. (1992) Reptiles &amp; Amphibians. The Pangolin, 5 (1 - 4), 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="1992">Lim &amp; Subharaj, 1992: 6</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FB8C43277C220BCB" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[1136,1324,1150,1176]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="213 - 227" refId="ref325841" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1994 b) Reptiles. In: Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Wee, Y. C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 213 - 227." type="book chapter" year="1994">Lim, 1994b: 214</bibRefCitation>
, 331.—R. Subaraj
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FE4A43FA78FF0BEF" box="[438,497,1186,1212]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995: 2 (Sime Forest).—K. Lim, 1995: 15 (Executive Golf Course; North View Hut [BTNR]).—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FD74439E7BCE0BB3" box="[648,704,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995: 117.—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Rajathurai, 1997: 381 (Jungle Fall &amp; Seraya Valleys [BTNR]; Nee Soon Range [NSSF]; Rifle Range Forest).—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FA9B43B378C50A7B" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 146</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF0B426B7A800A1F" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" box="[247,910,1330,1357]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FF0B426B78A70A1F" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1925" box="[247,425,1330,1356]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floweri">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF0B426B78A70A1F" box="[247,425,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Coluber floweri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—F. Werner, 1925: 55.—
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF3BB8D7FD3F426B7A040A1E" box="[707,778,1330,1357]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Smith</collectingRegion>
, 1928: 497.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF0B420F7D8A0A22" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" box="[247,1156,1366,1393]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFF3BB8D7FF0B420F7D8A0A22" box="[247,1156,1366,1393]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FF0B420F78C20A23" authorityName="Griffin" authorityYear="1909" box="[247,460,1366,1392]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Elaphe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF0B420F78C20A23" box="[247,460,1366,1392]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Elaphe oxycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF3BB8D7FE16420F7B200A23" box="[490,558,1366,1392]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Smith</collectingRegion>
, 1930: 50.—
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FF3BB8D7FD43420F7A0B0A22" box="[703,773,1366,1393]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Smith</collectingRegion>
, 1943: 530.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FF3BB8D7FC58420F7D8E0A22" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[932,1152,1366,1393]" page="549" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" year="1950">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FC58420F7D8E0A22" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[932,1152,1366,1393]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="511 - 625" refId="ref302520" refString="de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625." type="journal article" year="1950">de Haas, 1950: 549</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D7FF0B42237A470AC6" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" box="[247,841,1402,1429]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FF0B42237B390AC7" box="[247,567,1402,1428]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Argentinidae" genus="Goniosoma" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osmeriformes" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephala">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF0B422378760AC7" box="[247,376,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Goniosoma</emphasis>
[sic]
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FE4442237B390AC7" box="[440,567,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">oxycephala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—F.L.K. Lim, 1991: 53.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF3BB8D4FF6B42C77D7F0FAA" lastPageId="162" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF3BB8D4FF6B42C77AEC0F86" blockId="161.[151,1437,357,2040]" lastBlockId="162.[151,1437,151,753]" lastPageId="162" lastPageNumber="163" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF6B42C778050AEB" bold="true" box="[151,267,1438,1464]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Remarks.</emphasis>
The first occurrence of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FDD842C77BD30AEB" box="[548,733,1438,1464]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalum">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FDD842C77BD30AEB" box="[548,733,1438,1464]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">G. oxycephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF3BB8D7FCF942C77A790AEB" box="[773,887,1438,1464]" name="Singapore" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Singapore</collectingCountry>
was based on
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFF3BB8D7FBD842C77DC20AEB" box="[1060,1228,1438,1464]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
at NHMUK from Hardwicke’s collection that was first reported by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FCCC429A7AFF0A8E" author="Gnther, A." box="[816,1009,1474,1502]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref311864" refString="Gnther, A. (1858 b) Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London, xvi + 281 pp." type="book" year="1858">Ģnther (1858b)</bibRefCitation>
. Sclater (1891a) reported a specimen collected by Davison deposited at ZSI that went unnoticed by subsequent authors (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FB4442BF7C400953" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1208,1358,1510,1536]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower 1896</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FAA042BF7C990953" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1372,1431,1510,1536]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">1899</bibRefCitation>
; Sworder 1923).
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FE4B41537B620977" author="Flower, S. S." box="[439,620,1546,1572]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower (1899b)</bibRefCitation>
also reported a specimen he collected in
<date id="7447BCA5FF3BB8D7FB9841537C080977" box="[1124,1286,1546,1572]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" value="1897-10">October 1897</date>
.
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FAEA41537885091B" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalum">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FAEA41537885091B" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Gonyosoma oxycephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in a green and orange colour morph (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FC6641777D70091B" author="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P." box="[922,1150,1582,1608]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref289917" refString="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp." type="book" year="2012">Baker &amp; Lim 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The orange morph was first discovered from a specimen collected by Hainkes in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF3BB8D7FC7B410B7AF5093F" box="[903,1019,1618,1644]" name="Singapore" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, and Werner (1925) described it as a new species,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FE73412F7B4D09C3" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1925" box="[399,579,1654,1680]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floweri">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FE73412F7B4D09C3" box="[399,579,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Coluber floweri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFF3BB8D7FDAF412F7BA609C3" box="[595,680,1654,1680]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[144,246,465,494]" captionTargetBox="[162,2007,508,1694]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Checklist of 39 taxa with Singapore as type locality." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF9FB873FF6C46887AAA0EBD" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF9FB873FF6C46887AAA0EBD">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Three years later, Smith (1928) recognised it as a colour variety of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FEE941C378C509E7" box="[277,459,1690,1716]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalum">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FEE941C378C509E7" box="[277,459,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">G. oxycephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but only synonymised the two species two years later (Smith 1930). The next reported observation after Werner (1925) occurs 65 years later (
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFF3BB8D7FCA241E77ABA098B" box="[862,948,1726,1752]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[152,254,432,458]" captionTargetBox="[207,1414,726,1982]" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95">Table 2</tableCitation>
) when one was found at SRF (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FAED41E77C9E098B" author="Lim, K." box="[1297,1424,1726,1752]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="6 - 12" refId="ref325200" refString="Lim, K. (1990 a) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 3 (1 - 4), 6 - 12." type="journal article" year="1990">Lim 1990a</bibRefCitation>
). After Teo &amp; Rajathurai (1997) reported six sightings from their surveys, there has only been eight reported observations of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FE55405F7B500873" box="[425,606,1798,1824]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oxycephalum">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FE55405F7B500873" box="[425,606,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">G. oxycephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The first is an image of an orange morph individual published in
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FAC1405F78760817" author="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P." pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refId="ref289917" refString="Baker, N. &amp; Lim, K. P. (2012) Wild Animals of Singapore: A Photographic Guide to Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. Updated Edition. Draco Publishing and Distribution Pte Ltd and Nature Society, Singapore, 180 pp." type="book" year="2012">Baker &amp; Lim (2012)</bibRefCitation>
that was taken in PT in
<date id="7447BCA5FF3BB8D7FD7940737A1B0817" box="[645,789,1834,1860]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" value="2006-08">August 2006</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FCD940737AD80817" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L." box="[805,982,1834,1860]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="165 - 198" refId="ref327018" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198." type="journal article" year="2016">
Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FCA640727A9D0817" box="[858,915,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). The next seven occurred more recently and include one seen coiled in a tree at Mandai on
<date id="7447BCA5FF3BB8D7FCAC40177D0F083A" box="[848,1025,1870,1897]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" value="2015-03-14">14 March 2015</date>
that appeared to have a food bolus (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF3BB8D7FEFD402B7B2808DE" author="Groenewoud, D. &amp; Law, I. S." box="[257,550,1906,1933]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" pagination="50" refId="ref311581" refString="Groenewoud, D. &amp; Law, I. S. (2015) Red-tailed racer at Mandai. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2015, 50." type="journal article" year="2015">Groenewoud &amp; Law 2015</bibRefCitation>
), one mobbed by monkeys (
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FCA0402A7D3108DF" baseAuthorityName="Raffles" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[860,1087,1906,1932]" class="Mammalia" family="Cercopithecidae" genus="Macaca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fascicularis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FCA0402A7D3108DF" box="[860,1087,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Macaca fascicularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) at LPF on
<date id="7447BCA5FF3BB8D7FB3C402B7C4E08DE" box="[1216,1344,1906,1933]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" value="2015-07-05">5 July 2015</date>
and one being mobbed by squirrels (
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FDC840CF7A1308E3" baseAuthorityName="Boddaert" baseAuthorityYear="1785" box="[564,797,1942,1968]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Callosciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FDC840CF7A1308E3" box="[564,797,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Callosciurus notatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FCA940CF7D3808E3" baseAuthorityName="Horsfield" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[853,1078,1942,1968]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Sundasciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FCA940CF7D3808E3" box="[853,1078,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Sundasciurus tenuis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) at WNP on
<date id="7447BCA5FF3BB8D7FB3740CF7C6708E3" box="[1227,1385,1942,1968]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" value="2016-03-06">6 March 2016</date>
(Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FF0B40E2783F0887" box="[247,305,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2016), one seen eating a
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF3BB8D7FDAB40E37A4E0887" baseAuthorityName="Boddaert" baseAuthorityYear="1785" box="[599,832,1978,2004]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Callosciurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF3BB8D7FDAB40E37A4E0887" box="[599,832,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Callosciurus notatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at MacRitchie on
<date id="7447BCA5FF3BB8D7FBE840E37DAB0887" box="[1044,1189,1978,2004]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" value="2017-08">August 2017</date>
(Tan 2018), one seen at TNP on
<date id="7447BCA5FF3BB8D7FE9340877B2A08AB" box="[367,548,2014,2040]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" value="2019-11">November 2019</date>
(Ng 2019), two recorded during the BTNR surveys (Teo &amp; Thomas 2019), and on
<date id="7447BCA5FF38B8D4FEE647CE78A10FE2" box="[282,431,151,177]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2020-05-21">21 May 2020</date>
two were seen mating at BTNR (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FF38B8D4FCD947CE7ACF0FE2" author="Cheong, W." box="[805,961,151,177]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" pagination="104 - 105" refId="ref296254" refString="Cheong, W. (2020) Consumption of a softshell turtle by Malayan water monitors. Singapore Biodiversity Records, 2020, 104 - 105." type="journal article" year="2020">Cheong 2020</bibRefCitation>
). The individual shown in
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FF38B8D4FB1647CE7C640FE2" box="[1258,1386,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="362.[152,255,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-34@362.[153,1435,181,1922]" captionTargetPageId="362" captionText="FIGURE 18. A) Boiga cynodon, B) Boiga drapiezii, C) Boiga jaspidea, D) Boiga melanota, E) Coelognathus flavolineatus, F) Gongylosoma baliodeira, G) Gonyosoma oxycephalum, and H) Liopeltis tricolor. Photographs by: Alex Figueroa [A, D, G], Kelvin K.P. Lim [B, C, H], Norman T.-L. Lim [E], and Nick Baker [F]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960355/files/figure.png" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Figure 18G</figureCitation>
was photographed at BTNR on
<date id="7447BCA5FF38B8D4FDD447E27BC40F86" box="[552,714,187,213]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2011-08-03">3 August 2011</date>
(A. Figueroa pers. obs.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF38B8D4FF6B47877D7F0FAA" blockId="162.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[151,1137,222,249]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF6B478778240FAB" bold="true" box="[151,298,222,248]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Restricted to CNR and surrounding Nature Parks and forests. Uncommon.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF38B8D4FF6B465B7B090E12" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF38B8D4FF6B465B7B820E4E" blockId="162.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[151,652,258,285]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF6B465B7B0A0E4E" bold="true" box="[151,516,258,285]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF38B8D4FF6B465B781E0E4F" box="[151,272,258,284]" name="Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Vulnerable.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF38B8D4FF6B467F7B090E12" blockId="162.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[151,519,294,321]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF6B467F78AF0E13" bold="true" box="[151,417,294,320]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Highest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF38B8D4FF6B46137BDB0E36" box="[151,725,330,357]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF38B8D4FF6B46137BDB0E36" blockId="162.[151,1437,151,753]" box="[151,725,330,357]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF6B461378DC0E36" bold="true" box="[151,466,330,357]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2012].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFF38B8D4FF6B463778C30C89" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FF38B8D4FF6B46377C790D4A" blockId="162.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF6B46377AB40EDB" bold="true" box="[151,954,366,393]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FF6B46377AB80EDB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688849" box="[151,950,366,393]" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" collectorName="Museum" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FF6B463778160EDB" box="[151,280,366,392]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FEC0463678A40EDA" box="[316,426,367,393]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FF38B8D4FE4C46367B160EDA" box="[432,536,367,393]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Museum</collectorName>
specimens. (
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF38B8D4FD5046377A290EDB" box="[684,807,366,392]" name="Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Singapore</collectingCountry>
no locality)
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FC3D463678CA0EFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688566" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Singapore" location="Lower Peirce Reservoir" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCode="BMNH 1964.1563, 1564" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF38B8D4FC3D46367D9D0EDA" box="[961,1171,366,393]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">BMNH 1964.1563</specimenCode>
–
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF38B8D4FB5D46377DD60EDA" box="[1185,1240,366,393]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">1564</specimenCode>
(no date);
<location id="0526CCBEFF38B8D4FAB3463678CA0EFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89:0526CCBEFF38B8D4FAB3463678CA0EFF" country="Singapore" name="Lower Peirce Reservoir" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FAB3463678CA0EFF" bold="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Lower Peirce Reservoir</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FE3846CB78C70EFF" bold="true" box="[452,457,402,428]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FE2E46CB7D5E0EFE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688181" box="[466,1104,402,429]" collectingDate="2003-01-01" collectionCode="ZRC, SICC" country="Singapore" location="Island Club Road" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FE2E46CB7B050EFE" box="[466,523,402,429]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.5621 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF38B8D4FD9346CA7A0E0EFE" box="[623,768,403,429]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2003-01-01">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF38B8D4FD9346CA7A0E0EFE" box="[623,768,403,429]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2003-01-01">01-Jan-2003</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FCEB46CA7D5E0EFE" bold="true" box="[791,1104,402,429]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<location id="0526CCBEFF38B8D4FCEB46CA7AFE0EFE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89:0526CCBEFF38B8D4FCEB46CA7AFE0EFE" box="[791,1008,402,429]" country="Singapore" name="Island Club Road" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Island Club Road</location>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FBFC46CB7D4B0EFF" box="[1024,1093,402,428]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">SICC</collectionCode>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FBAC46CA7D560EFE" bold="true" box="[1104,1112,403,429]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FB9E46CB7D120E83" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689697" collectingDate="2007-01-16" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Nee Soon Executive Golf Course" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FB9E46CB7D950EFE" box="[1122,1179,402,429]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6325 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF38B8D4FB0246CA7C9E0EFE" box="[1278,1424,403,429]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2007-01-16">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF38B8D4FB0246CA7C9E0EFE" box="[1278,1424,403,429]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2007-01-16">16-Jan-2007</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF0B46EE7D120E83" bold="true" box="[247,1052,438,465]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<location id="0526CCBEFF38B8D4FF0B46EE7B770E83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89:0526CCBEFF38B8D4FF0B46EE7B770E83" box="[247,633,438,465]" country="Singapore" name="Nee Soon Executive Golf Course" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Nee Soon Executive Golf Course</location>
[= Mandai Executive Golf Course]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FBE046EF7D2F0E83" bold="true" box="[1052,1057,438,464]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FBDB46EE7B030EA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689517" collectingDate="1995-11-15" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Upper Thomson Road" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FBDB46EE7D510E82" box="[1063,1119,439,465]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6297 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF38B8D4FB3C46EF7C520E82" box="[1216,1372,438,465]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="1995-11-15">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF38B8D4FB3C46EF7C520E82" box="[1216,1372,438,465]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="1995-11-15">15-Nov-1995</collectingDate>
</date>
),
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FA9346EF7B030EA6" bold="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
Old
<location id="0526CCBEFF38B8D4FF0B46827B030EA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89:0526CCBEFF38B8D4FF0B46827B030EA6" box="[247,525,475,501]" country="Singapore" name="Upper Thomson Road" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Upper Thomson Road</location>
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FDF146827B1C0EA6" bold="true" box="[525,530,475,501]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FDE146827D4B0EA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688446" box="[541,1093,474,501]" collectingDate="2013-01-18" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Rifle Range Road" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FDE146827B5B0EA6" box="[541,597,475,501]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.7006 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF38B8D4FD4746827A430EA6" box="[699,845,475,501]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2013-01-18">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF38B8D4FD4746827A430EA6" box="[699,845,475,501]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2013-01-18">18-Jan-2013</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<location id="0526CCBEFF38B8D4FC9946837D4B0EA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89:0526CCBEFF38B8D4FC9946837D4B0EA6" box="[869,1093,474,501]" country="Singapore" name="Rifle Range Road" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FC9946837D4B0EA6" bold="true" box="[869,1093,474,501]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Rifle Range Road</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FBB946827D440EA6" bold="true" box="[1093,1098,475,501]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FBA946837B540D4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687386" collectingDate="2004-11-02" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Upper Peirce Reservoir Road" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FBA946837D800EA6" box="[1109,1166,474,501]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6105 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF38B8D4FB0F46827C9E0EA6" box="[1267,1424,475,501]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2004-11-02">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF38B8D4FB0F46827C9E0EA6" box="[1267,1424,475,501]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2004-11-02">02-Nov-2004</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<location id="0526CCBEFF38B8D4FF0B46A67B540D4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89:0526CCBEFF38B8D4FF0B46A67B540D4A" box="[247,602,510,537]" country="Singapore" name="Upper Peirce Reservoir Road" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF0B46A67B540D4A" bold="true" box="[247,602,510,537]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Upper Peirce Reservoir Road</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FDA646A67B510D4A" bold="true" box="[602,607,511,537]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FD9A46A67D240D4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688508" box="[614,1066,510,537]" collectingDate="2005-07-22" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Woodlands" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FD9A46A67B900D4A" box="[614,670,511,537]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6139 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF38B8D4FCFC46A77A830D4A" box="[768,909,510,537]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2005-07-22">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF38B8D4FCFC46A77A830D4A" box="[768,909,510,537]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="2005-07-22">22-Jul-2005</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<location id="0526CCBEFF38B8D4FC5C46A67D240D4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FF3BB8D4FF6B463F78C30C89:0526CCBEFF38B8D4FC5C46A67D240D4A" box="[928,1066,511,537]" country="Singapore" name="Woodlands" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FC5C46A67D240D4A" bold="true" box="[928,1066,511,537]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Woodlands</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FBD746A67D3E0D4A" bold="true" box="[1067,1072,511,537]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FBCB46A67C7D0D4A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689151" box="[1079,1395,510,537]" collectingDate="1904-03-05" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FF38B8D4FBCB46A67D610D4A" box="[1079,1135,511,537]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.2427 (
<date id="7447BCA5FF38B8D4FB2C46A77C650D4A" box="[1232,1387,510,537]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="1904-03-05">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFF38B8D4FB2C46A77C650D4A" box="[1232,1387,510,537]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" value="1904-03-05">05-Mar-1904</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF38B8D4FF6B457B78590D32" blockId="162.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF6B457B7BA60D6F" bold="true" box="[151,680,546,573]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Additional Singapore museum specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FF38B8D4FD45457B785C0D32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688152" collectionCode="NMW" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" specimenCode="NMW-23423" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FD45457B7AEA0D6F" bold="true" box="[697,996,546,573]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
(
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF38B8D4FD3D457B7A320D6F" box="[705,828,546,572]" name="Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Singapore</collectingCountry>
no locality):
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="505F321EFF38B8D4FC09457A7D850D6E" box="[1013,1163,547,573]" collectionCode="NMW-" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">NMW-23423</specimenCode>
[
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF38B8D4FB5E457A7C090D6E" box="[1186,1287,547,573]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF38B8D4FABC457A78480D32" authorityName="Werner" authorityYear="1925" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="floweri">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FABC457A78480D32" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Coluber floweri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF38B8D4FF6B45337BD20DA2" blockId="162.[151,1437,151,753]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF6B453378870DD7" bold="true" box="[151,393,618,644]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FF38B8D4FF6B4533781E0DD7" box="[151,272,618,644]" name="Singapore" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Lower Peirce Reservoir—Mandai (not specified)—Mandai Executive Golf Course—Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Old Upper Thomson Road—Pulau Tekong—Rifle Range Forest—Rifle Range Road—Sime Road Forest—Thomson Nature Park—Upper Peirce Reservoir Road—Windsor Nature Park—Woodlands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF38B8D4FDEA440D7D130C3D" blockId="162.[534,1053,851,878]" box="[534,1053,851,878]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FDEA440D7D130C3D" bold="true" box="[534,1053,851,878]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF38B8D4FD92440A7A980C3D" authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[622,918,851,878]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Liopeltis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FD92440A7BD80C3D" bold="true" box="[622,726,851,878]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Liopeltis</emphasis>
Fitzinger, 1843
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FF38B8D4FF6B44C578C30C89" blockId="162.[151,1436,924,986]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF38B8D4FF6B44C57B420CE5" authority="Fitzinger, 1843: 26" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,588,924,950]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Lygophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Liopeltis">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FF6B44C579F30CE5" box="[151,253,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Lygophis</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FEF744C578630CE5" box="[267,365,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Liopeltis</emphasis>
) Fitzinger, 1843: 26
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FF38B8D4FDA544C57B850CE5" box="[601,651,924,950]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FF38B8D4FD1144C57D800CE5" authority="Schlegel, 1837" authorityName="Schlegel" authorityYear="1837" box="[749,1166,924,950]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Herpetodryas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="328D4677FF38B8D4FD1144C57AEC0CE5" box="[749,994,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Herpetodryas tricolor</emphasis>
Schlegel, 1837
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation; gender masculine).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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