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<mods:title id="273C6CBF0FC13D66390DDDFF6CD02E35">Singapores herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<treatment id="88502B73FE91B97DFF6B46BA7A390BD6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968267" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209661799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968267" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FE91B97DFF6B46BA7A390BD6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FE91B97DFF6B46BA7A390BD6" lastPageNumber="268" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE91B97DFF6B46BA7BF70EAE" blockId="267.[151,1437,483,1157]" box="[151,761,483,509]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE91B97DFF6B46BA7B590EAE" ID-CoL="3GZWP" authority="Peters, 1871" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,599,483,509]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatum">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFF6B46BA78C90EAE" bold="true" box="[151,455,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Gonyosoma margaritatum</emphasis>
Peters, 1871
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFD8946BA7BF70EAE" bold="true" box="[629,761,483,509]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Erroneous.</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE91B97DFF6B455E788E0D72" box="[151,384,519,545]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="00469A65FE91B97DFF6B455E788E0D72" blockId="267.[151,1437,483,1157]" box="[151,384,519,545]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Rainbow Tree Snake</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="00469A65FE91B97DFF6B457378760D16" blockId="267.[151,1437,483,1157]" box="[151,376,554,581]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFF6B457378760D16" bold="true" box="[151,376,554,581]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE91B97DFF6B4573781E0D17" box="[151,272,554,580]" name="Singapore" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE91B97DFF0B45167A050C12" blockId="267.[151,1437,483,1157]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE91B97DFF0B45167B020D3B" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1891" box="[247,524,591,617]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFF0B45167B020D3B" box="[247,524,591,617]" italics="true" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Gonyophis margaritatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFDD545167A2D0D3A" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[553,803,591,617]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="288 - 292" refId="ref292340" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1891) On new or little-known Indian and Malayan reptiles and batrachians. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 8 (46), 288 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939109460437" type="journal article" year="1891">Boulenger, 1891: 290</bibRefCitation>
.—Sclater, 1891a: 34.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFBCA45167C2C0D3A" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1078,1314,591,617]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref292451" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1894) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. II. Containing the conclusion of the Colubridae Aglyphae. Taylor and Francis, London, xi + 382 pp., 20 pls." type="book" year="1894">Boulenger, 1894: 71</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFAB845167C920D3A" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1348,1436,591,617]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower,</bibRefCitation>
1896: 883.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFE17452A7BCE0DDE" author="Flower, S. S." box="[491,704,627,653]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 669</bibRefCitation>
.—Ridley, 1899: 208.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFC33452A7DC90DDE" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[975,1223,627,653]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger, 1912: 144</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFB15452A7C930DDE" author="de Rooij, N." box="[1257,1437,627,653]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref303264" refString="de Rooij, N. (1917) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. II. Ophidia. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 334 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10610" type="book" year="1917">de Rooij, 1917:</bibRefCitation>
107.—Sworder, 1923: 64.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFD6445CE7A790DE2" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[664,887,662,689]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="511 - 625" refId="ref302520" refString="de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625." type="journal article" year="1950">de Haas, 1950: 550</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 54.—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFDFC45E27BBD0D86" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[512,691,699,725]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 146</bibRefCitation>
.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFCE445E27D150D86" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[792,1051,698,725]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFCA245E27A970D86" box="[862,921,699,725]" italics="true" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 105
</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFBC745E37C930D86" author="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W." box="[1083,1437,698,725]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref329083" refString="Manthey, U. &amp; Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey &amp; Grossmann, 1997:</bibRefCitation>
354.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFE5D45877BEE0DAA" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." box="[417,736,734,761]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar &amp; Colijn, 2001: 63</bibRefCitation>
.—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFC2445867D880DAA" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[984,1158,735,761]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 147</bibRefCitation>
.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 169.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFE10445A7B940C4E" author="Das, I." box="[492,666,771,797]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 280</bibRefCitation>
.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 169.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFBB1445A7DF90C4E" author="Das, I." box="[1101,1271,771,797]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref300872" refString="Das, I. (2012 a) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of South-East Asia. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 160 pp." type="book" year="2012">Das, 2012a: 42</bibRefCitation>
.—Chen
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFAA1445A7C980C4E" box="[1373,1430,771,797]" italics="true" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 533.—Wallach
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFDB1447E7B8B0C12" box="[589,645,807,833]" italics="true" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 314.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE91B97DFF0B44127A1B0CDA" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FE91B97DFF0B44127AFE0C36" blockId="267.[151,1437,483,1157]" box="[247,1008,842,869]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE91B97DFF0B44127B1B0C37" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[247,533,843,869]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFF0B44127B1B0C37" box="[247,533,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Gonyosoma margaritatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Chen
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFD8F44127BA20C36" box="[627,684,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 535.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFCB244137AE20C36" author="Das, I." box="[846,1004,842,869]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" refId="ref300966" refString="Das, I. (2018) A Naturalist's Guide to the Snakes of Southeast Asia. 2 nd Edition. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2018">Das, 2018: 51</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE91B97DFF0B44367A1B0CDA" blockId="267.[151,1437,483,1157]" box="[247,789,879,905]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE91B97DFF0B44367B110CDB" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[247,543,879,905]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonyosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatum">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFF0B44367B110CDB" box="[247,543,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Gonyosoma margaritatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—OShea, 2018: 176.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE91B97DFF6B44CA7A410B32" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FE91B97DFF6B44CA7D050B6E" blockId="267.[151,1437,483,1157]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFF6B44CA78050CFE" bold="true" box="[151,267,915,941]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFEEC44CA78DD0CFE" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[272,467,915,941]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="288 - 292" refId="ref292340" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1891) On new or little-known Indian and Malayan reptiles and batrachians. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 8 (46), 288 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939109460437" type="journal article" year="1891">Boulenger (1891)</bibRefCitation>
examined a large male specimen from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE91B97DFC8044CA7AE00CFE" box="[892,1006,915,941]" name="Singapore" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Singapore</collectingCountry>
that was collected by Davison, and that was transferred from the Raffles Museum to ZSI (Sclater 1891a).
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFC2D44EE7D750C82" author="de Haas, C. P. J." box="[977,1147,950,977]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="511 - 625" refId="ref302520" refString="de Haas, C. P. J. (1950) Checklist of the snakes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago (Reptiles, Ophidia). Treubia, 20 (3), 511 - 625." type="journal article" year="1950">de Haas (1950)</bibRefCitation>
and Schulz &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFAE244EE7C920C82" author="Gumprecht, A. &amp; Schulz, K. - D." box="[1310,1436,951,977]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="403 - 416" refId="ref311766" refString="Gumprecht, A. &amp; Schulz, K. - D. (2013) The Asian brown snakes of the genus Xenelaphis. In: Schulz, K. - D. (Ed.), Old World Ratsnakes: A Collection of Papers. Bushmaster Publications, Berg, pp. 403 - 416." type="book chapter" year="2013">Gumprecht</bibRefCitation>
(2013) doubted the validity of this record.
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE91B97DFD1244827D020CA7" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" box="[750,1036,987,1013]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Gonysoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritatum">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFD1244827D020CA7" box="[750,1036,987,1013]" italics="true" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Gonysoma margaritatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only inhabits higher elevations of Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo (Schulz &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE91B97DFD1444A67AA40B4A" author="Gumprecht, A. &amp; Schulz, K. - D." box="[744,938,1023,1049]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" pagination="403 - 416" refId="ref311766" refString="Gumprecht, A. &amp; Schulz, K. - D. (2013) The Asian brown snakes of the genus Xenelaphis. In: Schulz, K. - D. (Ed.), Old World Ratsnakes: A Collection of Papers. Bushmaster Publications, Berg, pp. 403 - 416." type="book chapter" year="2013">Gumprecht 2013</bibRefCitation>
), which are not found in Singapore. Thus, it is likely the specimen originated from Peninsular Malaysia or Borneo.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE91B97DFF6B431F7A410B32" blockId="267.[151,1437,483,1157]" box="[151,847,1094,1121]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFF6B431F7BAD0B33" bold="true" box="[151,675,1094,1121]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">LKCNHM &amp; NHMUK Museum specimens.</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE91B97DFF6B43337A390BD6" box="[151,823,1130,1157]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FE91B97DFF6B43337A390BD6" blockId="267.[151,1437,483,1157]" box="[151,823,1130,1157]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE91B97DFF6B43337B840BD7" bold="true" box="[151,650,1130,1157]" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE91B97DFEE2433378990BD7" box="[286,407,1130,1156]" name="Singapore" pageId="267" pageNumber="268">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>