252 lines
23 KiB
XML
252 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.165.2206" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b2628832-d8e2-455d-8433-f917e18d85a6" ID-PMC="PMC3272634" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-165-57" ID-PubMed="22328857" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-165-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 165" ModsDocTitle="Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), a review based on morphological and DNA data" checkinTime="1451249373989" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aguila, Rayner Nunez, Plasencia, Edelquis Oliva, Maravi, Pavel F. Matos & Wahlberg, Niklas" docDate="2012" docId="6F7FFB5C6757C91FE07DDFBDC28A26F6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 165: 57-105" docOrigin="ZooKeys 165" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.165.2206" docTitle="Calisto bradleyi Munroe 1950, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="52029A0E40542146FF88424EDE12F510" masterDocTitle="Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), a review based on morphological and DNA data" masterLastPageNumber="105" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1668153189678" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Cuban Calisto (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), a review based on morphological and DNA data</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aguila, Rayner Nunez</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Plasencia, Edelquis Oliva</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maravi, Pavel F. Matos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wahlberg, Niklas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>165</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>105</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.165.2206</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.165.2206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-165-57</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152033111" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6F7FFB5C6757C91FE07DDFBDC28A26F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F7FFB5C6757C91FE07DDFBDC28A26F6" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Calisto_bradleyi" authority="Munroe, 1950" authorityName="Munroe" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Calisto bradleyi Munroe, 1950</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="24" pageNumber="81">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2130384654565964–">-2130384654565964-</normalizedToken>
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66
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus subsp. bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smintheus" subSpecies="bradleyi">Calisto smintheus bradleyi</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe, EG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="211 - 241" title="The systematics of Calisto (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae), with remarks on the evolutionary and zoogeographic significance of the genus." volume="58" year="1950">Munroe 1950</bibRefCitation>
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: 227,
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<bibRefCitation author="Torre, SL de la" journalOrPublisher="Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" pagination="61 - 70" title="Datos taxonomicos sobre lepidopteros, con notas sobre algunas species cubanas, segunda parte." volume="21" year="1952">Torre 1952</bibRefCitation>
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: 63,
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<bibRefCitation author="Torre, SL de la" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" pagination="113 - 128" title="An annotated listo of the butterflies and skippers of Cuba (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)." volume="62" year="1954">Torre 1954</bibRefCitation>
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: 121,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="24" pageNumber="81">Torre 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 7
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto sibylla subsp. bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sibylla" subSpecies="bradleyi">Calisto sibylla bradleyi</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="24" pageNumber="81">Brown and Heineman 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 51,
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<bibRefCitation author="Alayo, P" journalOrPublisher="Cientifico-Tecnica, La Habana" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" title="Atlas de las mariposas diurnas de Cuba (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)." year="1987">
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Alayo and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Hernández">Hernandez</normalizedToken>
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1987
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 41,
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<bibRefCitation author="Fontenla, JL" journalOrPublisher="Poeyana" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 13" title="Sistema de poblaciones de Calisto sibylla Bates, 1934 (Lepidoptera, Satyridae) en Cuba." volume="395" year="1990">
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Fontenla and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
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1990
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 9,
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DS" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, New York" pageId="37" pageNumber="94" title="The Butterflies of the West Indies and South Florida." year="1994">Smith et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 57,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="24" pageNumber="81">Lamas 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 207
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="81" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Calisto bradleyi</taxonomicName>
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resembles
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto muripetens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">Calisto muripetens</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto occulta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">Calisto occulta</taxonomicName>
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more than its other congeners. It can be separated from these species by the presence of an apical lobe at the androconial patch, and by having an iridescent blue band edging the black dot of the anal lobe at the UNHW. Other differences were treated in the Diagnosis section of those species. From other Cuban (except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bruneri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruneri">Calisto bruneri</taxonomicName>
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), Hispaniolan and Bahamian species differs by the same characters and by have fewer white dots at UNHW. Its female genitalia is also diagnostic due to its proportionally smaller size and its thinner dorsal crown. The Hispaniolan
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto confusa" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confusa">Calisto confusa</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto hysius" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hysius">Calisto hysius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto obscura" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">Calisto obscura</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto pauli" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauli">Calisto pauli</taxonomicName>
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are superficially similar but are smaller,and have four white dots at the UNHW.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="81" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">FWL: 17-20 mm ♂, 20-21 mm ♀. UPFW outer third and area anterior to apical half of androconial patch pale grayish brown, basal area anterior to patch darker (Figs 19, 20); costal two thirds and androconial patch dark brown, almost black. UPHW uniform dark brown, slightly paler than androconial. Androconial patch distinct from surrounding areas, approximately triangular with a rounded lobe at apex, not entering into cell, about one half the length of FW (Fig. 38). Lines at UN of wings with little if any pale shade of external side (Figs 21, 30). UNHW background pale brown heavily mixed with ochre scaling basal to pdl. Post discal area on UNHW with three white dots at M1- M2, M2-M3, M3-Cu1, with that on M2-M3 larger, smaller dots can gone in rubbed specimens. UNHW lobe with a black dot anteriorly edged by a small band of iridescent blue scales. Male genitalia with tegumen about half the length of uncus, tapering gradually toward apex and arched along its length (Fig. 46); uncus strongly arched; digitiform projection of valvae stout, slightly arched toward venter; aedeagus with two sinuations of left side at apical half, the basal one smaller. Female genitalia small (Fig. 54); dorsal crown of sterigmal ring very narrow; corpus bursae small and broad, about two fifths the length of ductus bursae; ductus bursae very thin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">T</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="81" type="ype material">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">ype material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
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Holotype♂: Pinar del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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, Sierra de Rangel (currently Sierra del Rosario),
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Tacoluco (almost surely
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Taco Taco), 3 March 1939, J. C. Bradley. Location unknown, not examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="81" type="additional material">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
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14 ♂, 13 ♀. Pinar del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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150 m, X/1985, J. L. Fontenla, genitalia ♂ & ♀ in glycerin, slides RNA202(legs & labial palpus)/260(wings) (1 ♂, 2 ♀); no collection data but probably the same same as for anterior, genitalia ♂ & ♀ in glycerin, slides RNA181 (androconial scales) /244/245/262/263/270/271 (wings)/247/ 265/278(legs & labial palpus) (6 ♂, 7 ♀); cuabales ladera sur de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cajálbana">Cajalbana</normalizedToken>
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150 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.775862">22°46'33.1"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.439476">83°26'22.1"W</geoCoordinate>
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, III/2002, R.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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, DNA voucher PM15-08 (M054), genitalia in glycerin (1 ♀);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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, base norte mogote Dos Hermanas 140 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.621222">22°37'16.4"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-83.74452">83°44'40.3"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 17/IV/2009, R.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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& E. Oliva, DNA vouchers PM07-24 (M043), PM07-25 (M044) & PM07-26 (M045) (6 ♂, 3 ♀). Artemisa: Pinar del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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(currently Artemisa), Sierra del Rosario, El Taburete 300 m,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="22.83639">22°50'11"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-82.92333">82°55'24"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 9/X/2007, R.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Núñez">Nunez</normalizedToken>
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, DNA voucher PM07-06 (M006), genitalia in glycerin (1 ♂).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="24" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Calisto bradleyi</taxonomicName>
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occurs in the major mountain range of western Cuba, Guaniguanico, from El Taburete, at Sierra del Rosario, 90 km west to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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valley, always at low elevations (Figs 56, 59). The species was previously known only
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<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="82" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
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the type locality, Rangel, and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe, EG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="211 - 241" title="The systematics of Calisto (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae), with remarks on the evolutionary and zoogeographic significance of the genus." volume="58" year="1950">Munroe 1950</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Fontenla, JL" journalOrPublisher="Poeyana" pageId="35" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 11" title="Caracteristicas zoogeograficas de las ropaloceras (Insecta: Lepidoptera) de Vinales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba." volume="339" year="1987 b">Fontenla 1987b</bibRefCitation>
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). Attempts to find it at the type locality were made by
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<bibRefCitation pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Torre (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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and ourselves without success. Here we recorded it for the first time from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cajálbana">Cajalbana</normalizedToken>
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and El Taburete widening its distribution to the eastern most portion of Guaniguanico mountain range.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="immature stages">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Immature stages.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="habitat and biology">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Habitat and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
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The species inhabits various vegetation types throughout its distribution but can only be found in areas where original elements are still dominant. Habitats include the evergreen forest at El Taburete, the mogote vegetation complex at
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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, and the dry scrub on serpentine soil at
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cajálbana">Cajalbana</normalizedToken>
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(Figs 64, 65). In
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Viñales">Vinales</normalizedToken>
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valley, Pinar del
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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, the species was flying in the shadow of the base of mogotes (limestone hills of almost vertivcal slopes) appearing occasionally in sunny places. There it was observed feeding on flowersof
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<taxonomicName genus="Stachyterpheta" lsidName="Stachyterpheta cayenensis" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="cayenensis">Stachyterpheta cayenensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Hyptis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hyptis verticilla" order="Lamiales" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verticilla">Hyptis verticilla</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Urena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Urena lobata" order="Malvales" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lobata">Urena lobata</taxonomicName>
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, and a mating pair was observed at 3:30 pm in April 2009.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="82" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
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The type specimen of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto smintheus subsp. bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="smintheus" subSpecies="bradleyi">Calisto smintheus bradleyi</taxonomicName>
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is apparently lost. Searching of the type specimen at the different collections mentioned by
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<bibRefCitation author="Munroe, EG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="36" pageNumber="93" pagination="211 - 241" title="The systematics of Calisto (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae), with remarks on the evolutionary and zoogeographic significance of the genus." volume="58" year="1950">Munroe (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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, CUIC, AMNH, MCZ, and CMNH, was fruitless. However, based on the examination of original description and since the other only species in its range of distribution,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
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, is rather different, it can be easily identified.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="82">
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DNA analyses are somewhat ambiguous about the relationships of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Calisto bradleyi</taxonomicName>
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. The mitochondrial dataset suggests that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Calisto bradleyi</taxonomicName>
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is paraphyletic with regard to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto muripetens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">Calisto muripetens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 66), while the nuclear data place the monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Calisto bradleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto occulta" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occulta">Calisto occulta</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto muripetens" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muripetens">Calisto muripetens</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The COI distance between the sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Calisto bradleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 1.91%. Nonetheless, the status of species in both cases is still valid as the molecular phylogenies consistently separate the lineages (Fig. 66). Therefore, we prefer to treat them as separate entities, proposing the species status for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto bradleyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bradleyi">Calisto bradleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, potentially phylogenetically close to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Calisto" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calisto herophile" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herophile">Calisto herophile</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |