treatments-xml/data/3F/26/D7/3F26D74DFFCF8928FF726A09FCF3FE54.xml

<document id="7543DBF1EB831B4442BFB4675AE6B0C8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.273951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d409284a-89b9-4ac1-8c6b-fff8b3d1d054" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="273951" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459963464947" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Campos, Carlos J. A., Marques, Antonio C. &amp; Migotto, Alvaro E." docDate="2007" docId="3F26D74DFFCF8928FF726A09FCF3FE54" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01627p022.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1627" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Zyzzyzus warreni Calder 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="C31FAF35FFC4893BFFE56936FF8CFFF6" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the genus Zyzzyzus Stechow, 1921 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Tubulariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1698230989788" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="1848DAF41F2C2E0432A2A3F30EF8732F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="89F561A6FB5220A375DE221DF672ED79">
<mods:title id="75035B041A7BE78DD2DF01EC19F33639">A taxonomic revision of the genus Zyzzyzus Stechow, 1921 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Tubulariidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4FF89C11D6BCC2B7C3D22E1BAAB6BB45" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AD786A86BA30E2B264D219284B718BB9">
<mods:roleTerm id="C580033EA2C2A82BB8BE0A6EA72A8612">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8832CE04AC5F62C3C4CAFCED31C87B67">Campos, Carlos J. A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="43F84C8070086E5E1065E8CADD6DB706" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8A34FA64C96C90498C1EBC9F26E83FF4">
<mods:roleTerm id="86B645261FED7FE1BF80001C1ABF9809">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6FB479D923439894632C15B0DB9DB2C2">Marques, Antonio C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0D0307F6071FCD6139A15518C23A5BE9" type="personal">
<mods:role id="96B7C0278C7F18380E69C51B65F54CBB">
<mods:roleTerm id="5481C66C9299C9E840B20ED6BCB8BC27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7871C7207C8751622384615807E94D4D">Migotto, Alvaro E.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A8D79EBE74204B92CB07606C7371DD61">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8E890C6975A3EF1993A6E5DD232FD88A" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="85BB379D1B293199CCFB508CEA4A6B6B">
<mods:title id="4127C98251FA566577BC591E0F471D6C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C84B1AC87F3BF0CEF330E8294ED91DFB">
<mods:date id="BADA7F151C95C651CBD83614C6B9D53F">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="2CBF075480C5676D9A54911F911E170F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BF4D2C825B43C7D806AA8244A085AD28">1627</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="D569B4BF655D995E9185ADDEDAEFCBDF" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E1DACCB9EE80AEB3BA08B9508ACB6ADB">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D80DBFCA348635D87444B318FB1C698A">22</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="B8E6F14FEC4A2C0EA989F7047BA7DD6B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="0E89BA12F9D6075DA8FB4C76193AE653" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.273951</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EB1894DB1AE7341F043E08F10D3CEB45" type="GBIF-Dataset">d409284a-89b9-4ac1-8c6b-fff8b3d1d054</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A7DB956E31A0AF30511B555247363092" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="335F7D98F0A6B7A0AE6F508279F94E49" type="Zenodo-Dep">273951</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="3F26D74DFFCF8928FF726A09FCF3FE54" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6244330" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119377083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6244330" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F26D74DFFCF8928FF726A09FCF3FE54" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F26D74DFFCF8928FF726A09FCF3FE54" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<subSubSection id="FF9535D0FFCF8930FF726A09FE0BFC8A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCF8930FF726A09FD87FCAF" blockId="11.[151,523,831,892]" box="[151,523,831,857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<heading id="EC78D137FFCF8930FF726A09FD87FCAF" bold="true" box="[151,523,831,857]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FF726A09FD87FCAF" ID-CoL="7GK3Y" authority="Calder, 1988" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,523,831,857]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FF726A09FD87FCAF" bold="true" box="[151,523,831,857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FF726A09FEEAFCAF" bold="true" box="[151,358,831,857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zyzzyzus warreni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FE8B6A09FD87FCAF" author="Calder" box="[366,523,831,857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder, 1988</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCF8930FF726A54FE0BFC8A" blockId="11.[151,523,831,892]" box="[151,391,866,892]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<figureCitation id="2FB47ADEFFCF8930FF726A54FF75FC8A" box="[151,249,866,892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1552,1576]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,317,1526]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[264,1323,317,1526]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 1. Zyzzyzus warreni: live material – A, polyps embedded on T. ignis; B, polyps embedded on M. angulosa; C, hydranth with fully-developed male gonophores; D, detached polyp with a female gonophore containing developing actinulae; E, detached blastostyle with a fully developed male gonophore; F, fully developed actinula. Preserved material – G, polyp showing bulbous processes; H, polyp showing finger-shaped processes. Scale bar = 250 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273952/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 1</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="FA0D53E0FFCF8930FEED6A54FE0BFC8A" box="[264,391,866,892]" captionStart-0="TABLE 5" captionStart-1="TABLE 6" captionStart-2="TABLE 7" captionStartId-0="14.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,239,551,575]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1396,247,567]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1396,242,1785]" captionTargetBox-2="[159,1350,677,1468]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionText-0="TABLE 5. Comparison of measurements of morphological characters of Zyzzyzus warreni, in paratypes from South Africa and specimens from Bermuda and Brazil." captionText-1="TABLE 6. Comparison of dimensions of nematocysts of Zyzzyzus warreni from Bermuda, Brazil, and South Africa. All data from this study." captionText-2="TABLE 7. Comparisons of dimensions of desmoneme and basitrichous isorhiza nematocysts of Zyzzyzus calderi and Zyzzyzus warreni. Data from the literature. Minimum and maximum values in bold and grey cells. All data in micrometers." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F036D3FFCA8935FF7269A1FD11FF23" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F036D3FFCB8934FF7269A1FEFDFF27" httpUri-2="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F036D3FFD4892BFF726B11FF48FD72" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" tableUuid-0="E3F036D3FFCA8935FF7269A1FD11FF23" tableUuid-1="E3F036D3FFCB8934FF7269A1FEFDFF27" tableUuid-2="E3F036D3FFD4892BFF726B11FF48FD72">Tables 5–7</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF9535D0FFCF8930FF726A84FE3DFB1F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCF8930FF726A84FBC9FC1F" blockId="11.[151,1436,946,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="979F4175FFCF8930FF726A84FBC9FC1F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FF726A84FDBEFC3F" ID-CoL="59K3J" authority="Warren, 1906: 83" authorityName="Warren" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,562,946,969]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FF726A84FEE8FC3F" box="[151,356,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tubularia solitaria</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FE8A6A84FDBEFC3F" author="Warren" box="[367,562,946,969]" page="83" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1906">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FE8A6A84FD8BFC3F" author="Warren" box="[367,519,946,969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Warren, E. (1906) On Tubularia solitaria sp. nov., a hydroid from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 1, 83 - 96." type="journal article" year="1906">Warren, 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 83
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pls. 10–11, figs. 1–26 (junior primary homonym of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FB606A84FF77FC1F" ID-CoL="59K3J" authority="Rapp, 1829" authorityName="Rapp" authorityYear="1829" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FB606A84FADEFC3F" box="[1157,1362,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tubularia solitaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FAB86A84FF77FC1F" author="Rapp" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Rapp, W. (1829) Untersuchungen uber den Bau einiger Polypen des mittellandischen Meeres. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum, 14, 643 - 658." type="journal article" year="1829">Rapp, 1829</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FEC76AE4FE62FC1F" author="Warren" box="[290,494,978,1001]" page="280" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1908">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FEC76AE4FE36FC1F" author="Warren" box="[290,442,978,1001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Warren, E. (1908) On a collection of hydroids, mostly from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 1, 269 - 355." type="journal article" year="1908">Warren, 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 280
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FDEB6AE4FD56FC1F" author="Millard" box="[526,730,978,1001]" page="179" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FDEB6AE4FD28FC1F" author="Millard" box="[526,676,978,1001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 41, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard, 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 179
</treatmentCitation>
; 1966: 434.—de 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FC746AE4FBCCFC1F" author="Kruijf" box="[913,1088,978,1001]" page="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FC746AE4FB95FC1F" author="Kruijf" box="[913,1049,978,1001]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="de Kruijf, H. A. M. (1977) Bursting pacemaker activity in the solitary hydroid Tubularia solitaria. Journal of Experimental Biology, 68, 19 - 34." type="journal article" year="1977">Kruijf, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 19
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCF8930FF726AC4FC01FBBF" blockId="11.[151,1436,946,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="979F4175FFCF8930FF726AC4FC01FBBF" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FF726AC4FEEFFBFF" box="[151,355,1010,1033]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solitarius">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FF726AC4FEEFFBFF" box="[151,355,1010,1033]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zyzzyzus solitarius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FE616AC4FDE8FBFF" author="Stechow" box="[388,612,1010,1033]" page="249" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1921">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FE616AC4FDA6FBFF" author="Stechow" box="[388,554,1010,1033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Stechow, E. (1921) Neue genera und species von hydrozoen und anderen evertebraten. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 87, 248 - 265." type="journal article" year="1921">Stechow, 1921</bibRefCitation>
: 249
</treatmentCitation>
; 1923: 50.— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FD136AC4FC4DFBFF" author="Kramp" box="[758,961,1010,1033]" page="198" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FD136AC4FC00FBFF" author="Kramp" box="[758,908,1010,1033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1949) Origin of the hydroid Family Corymorphidae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn, 111, 183 - 215." type="journal article" year="1949">Kramp, 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 198
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FC046AC4FAA8FBFF" author="Millard" box="[993,1316,1010,1033]" page="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FC046AC4FA84FBFF" author="Millard" box="[993,1288,1010,1033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1974) A collection of hydroids from Mocambique, East Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 65 (1), 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1974">Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1974</bibRefCitation>
: 2
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FAA16AC4FEA4FBDF" author="Millard" page="40" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1975">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FAA16AC4FE8CFBDF" author="Millard" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard, 1975</bibRefCitation>
: 40
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 16 A–B.— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FE306D24FD24FBDF" author="Petersen" box="[469,680,1042,1065]" page="121" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FE306D24FDF5FBDF" author="Petersen" box="[469,633,1042,1065]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1979) Development of coloniality in Hydrozoa. In: Larwood, G. &amp; Rosen, B. R. (Eds), Biology and Systematics of Colonial Animals. Academic Press, New York, pp. 105 - 139." type="book chapter" year="1979">Petersen, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 121
</treatmentCitation>
.— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FD2D6D24FC7BFBDF" author="Wedler" box="[712,1015,1042,1065]" page="72" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FD2D6D24FC5CFBDF" author="Wedler" box="[712,976,1042,1065]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Wedler, E. &amp; Larson, R. (1986) Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 21 (1 - 2), 69 - 101." type="journal article" year="1986">Wedler &amp; Larson, 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 72
</treatmentCitation>
–73, fig. 1 A, pl. 1, fig. 3.— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FAC36D24FE1EFBBF" author="Migotto" page="104" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FAC36D24FEECFBBF" author="Migotto" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Silveira, F. L. (1987) Hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) do litoral sudeste e sul do Brasil: Halocordylidae, Tubulariidae e Corymorphidae. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 66, 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1987">Migotto &amp; Silveira, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 104
</treatmentCitation>
–106, figs. 4–5.—Hirohito, 1988: 24–26, fig. 7.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCF8930FF726D64FDD2FB9F" blockId="11.[151,1436,946,1257]" box="[151,606,1106,1129]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="979F4175FFCF8930FF726D64FDD2FB9F" box="[151,606,1106,1129]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FF726D64FE0CFB9F" box="[151,384,1106,1129]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Corymorphidae" genus="Corymorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solitaria">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FF726D64FE0CFB9F" box="[151,384,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Corymorpha solitaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FE446D64FDD7FB9F" author="Kramp" box="[417,603,1106,1129]" page="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1933">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FE446D64FDBEFB9F" author="Kramp" box="[417,562,1106,1129]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Kramp, P. L. (1933) The Scoresby Sound Committee's 2 nd East Greenland Expedition in 1932 to King Christian IX's Land. Coelenterata, Ctenophora and Chaetognatha. Meddelelser om Gronland, 104 (11), 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1933">Kramp, 1933</bibRefCitation>
: 12
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCF8930FF726D44FC6DFB7F" blockId="11.[151,1436,946,1257]" box="[151,993,1138,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="979F4175FFCF8930FF726D44FC6DFB7F" box="[151,993,1138,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FF726D44FEECFB7F" box="[151,352,1138,1161]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Zyzzysus 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FF1E6D44FEECFB7F" authority="Bandel &amp; Wedler, 1987: 39" authorityName="Bandel &amp; Wedler" authorityPageNumber="39" authorityYear="1987" box="[251,352,1138,1161]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="solitarius">solitarius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FE836D44FD07FB7F" author="Bandel" box="[358,651,1138,1161]" page="39" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FE836D44FDE9FB7F" author="Bandel" box="[358,613,1138,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Bandel, K. &amp; Wedler, E. (1987) Hydroid, amphineuran and gastropod zonation in the littoral of the Caribbean Sea, Colombia. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 19 (1 - 2), 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1987">Bandel &amp; Wedler, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 39
</treatmentCitation>
[incorrect subsequent spelling].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCF8930FF726DA4FBA8FB5F" blockId="11.[151,1436,946,1257]" box="[151,1060,1170,1193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="979F4175FFCF8930FF726DA4FBA8FB5F" box="[151,1060,1170,1193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FF726DA4FD8BFB5F" ID-CoL="7GK3Y" authority="Calder, 1988: 49" authorityName="Calder" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,519,1170,1193]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FF726DA4FEC2FB5F" box="[151,334,1170,1193]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zyzzyzus warreni</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FEB06DA4FD8BFB5F" author="Calder" box="[341,519,1170,1193]" page="49" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FEB06DA4FE6DFB5F" author="Calder" box="[341,481,1170,1193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder, 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 49
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–50, figs. 38–40; 1991: 2068.— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FCBE6DA4FBACFB5F" author="Migotto" box="[859,1056,1170,1193]" page="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FCBE6DA4FC74FB5F" author="Migotto" box="[859,1016,1170,1193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto, 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 25
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCF8930FF726D84FE3DFB1F" blockId="11.[151,1436,946,1257]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="979F4175FFCF8930FF726D84FE3DFB1F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FF726D84FDA7FB3F" ID-CoL="7GK4G" authority="Petersen, 1990: 180" authorityName="Petersen" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,555,1202,1225]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FF726D84FEC5FB3F" box="[151,329,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Zyzzyzus calderi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FEB46D84FDA7FB3F" author="Petersen" box="[337,555,1202,1225]" page="180" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FEB46D84FE78FB3F" author="Petersen" box="[337,500,1202,1225]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen, 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 180
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
–181: fig. 30 A–C.— 
<treatmentCitation id="362E404AFFCF8930FCF76D84FC40FB3F" author="Calder" box="[786,972,1202,1225]" page="66" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCF8930FCF76D84FC2DFB3F" author="Calder" box="[786,929,1202,1225]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1993) Local distribution and biogeography of the hydroids (Cnidaria) of Bermuda. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29 (1 - 2), 61 - 74." type="journal article" year="1993">Calder, 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 66
</treatmentCitation>
; 1998: 1850.—Marques &amp; Migotto, 2001: 469 [new synonymy].
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF9535D0FFCF8937FF726C2CFAD5FB34" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCF8937FF726C2CFF7BFC0C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1306,2012]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FF726C2CFE01FAC2" bold="true" box="[151,397,1306,1332]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined.</emphasis>
Preserved: 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFCF8930FDF96C2CFD35FAC2" box="[540,697,1306,1332]" name="South Africa" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">South Africa</collectingCountry>
: Bat’s Cave Rocks, East London (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FBB26C2CFB36FAC2" box="[1111,1210,1306,1332]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-33.016666">33°01’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FB2C6C2CFAA2FAC2" box="[1225,1326,1306,1332]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="27.9">27°54’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFCF8930FAA06C2CFF58FAAA" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1948-12-30">30 Dec 1948</date>
, three hydroids without gonophores, embedded in sponge, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FC736C74FC5AFAAA" box="[918,982,1346,1372]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SAM</collectionCode>
H–3589; several hydroids with gonophores in sponge, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FE906C5CFE39FA72" box="[373,437,1386,1412]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SAM</collectionCode>
H–2648 cp 326 D; Langebaan Lagoon (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FC466C5CFB8AFA72" box="[931,1030,1386,1412]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-33.15">33°09’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FBF06C5CFB1CFA72" box="[1045,1168,1386,1412]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="92" value="18.056667">18°03.4’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFCF8930FB4C6C5CFAB6FA72" box="[1193,1338,1386,1412]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1946-07-15">15 Jul 1946</date>
, several hydroids with gonophores, embedded in sponge, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FD016CA4FCA8FA5A" box="[740,804,1426,1452]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SAM</collectionCode>
H–2649; Oudekraal (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FBCF6CA4FB2FFA5A" box="[1066,1187,1426,1452]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="92" value="-33.975">33°58.5’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FB546CA4FAA0FA5A" box="[1201,1324,1426,1452]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="92" value="18.37">18°22.2’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFCF8930FAA16CA4FF58FA22" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1934-03-15">15 Mar 1934</date>
, several hydroids without gonophores, embedded in sponge, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FC286C8CFB81FA22" box="[973,1037,1466,1492]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SAM</collectionCode>
H–2647; Oudekraal (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FAF86C8CFA1BFA22" box="[1309,1431,1466,1492]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="92" value="-33.975">33°58.5’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FF726CD4FE9EFA0A" box="[151,274,1506,1532]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="92" value="18.37">18°22.2’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFCF8930FEC26CD4FE4DFA0A" box="[295,449,1506,1532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1934-03-15">15 Mar 1934</date>
, microslide with five hydroids without gonophores, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FBC36CD4FBEAFA0A" box="[1062,1126,1506,1532]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SAM</collectionCode>
H–2647 A122; Cape Peninsula (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FEFC6F3CFEF0F9D2" box="[281,380,1546,1572]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-34.166668">34°10’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FE6F6F3CFE63F9D2" box="[394,495,1546,1572]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="18.5">18°30’E</geoCoordinate>
), microslide with three hydroids without gonophores, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FB906F3CFB39F9D2" box="[1141,1205,1546,1572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SAM</collectionCode>
H–2648 cp 326 D; St. James False Bay (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FE266F04FDAAF9BA" box="[451,550,1586,1612]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-34.166668">34°10’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FDD16F04FD14F9BA" box="[564,664,1586,1612]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="18.5">18°30’E</geoCoordinate>
), 1912, coll. and det. K.H. Barnard, several hydroids with gonophores, embedded in sponge, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FE146F6CFDBDF982" box="[497,561,1626,1652]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">SAM</collectionCode>
H–398. 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFCF8930FD706F6CFC90F982" box="[661,796,1626,1652]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Archipelago: 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFCF8930FC266F6CFBC3F982" box="[963,1103,1626,1652]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">São Vicente</collectingCountry>
(ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FB6D6F6CFB63F982" box="[1160,1263,1626,1652]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="16.9">16°54’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FB1E6F6CFAE6F982" box="[1275,1386,1626,1652]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-25.0">25°00’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFCF8930FA9A6F6CFF73F96A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1904-07-30">30 Jul 1904</date>
, microslide with detached gonophores, coll. and det. J. Ritchie, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FC1F6FB4FBB6F96A" box="[1018,1082,1666,1692]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h8hj-4rxx" name="National Museum of Scotland - Natural Sciences" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">NMS</collectionCode>
1959.33.39. 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFCF8930FB336FB4FACAF96A" box="[1238,1350,1666,1692]" name="Bermuda" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
: Flatt’s Inlet (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FEE36F9CFEE2F932" box="[262,366,1706,1732]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="32.316666">32°19’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FE9F6F9CFD98F932" box="[378,532,1706,1732]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" value="-64.74166">64°44’30”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFCF8930FDCD6F9CFDFCF932" box="[552,624,1706,1732]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="C331409BFFCF8930FD996F9CFC9DF932" box="[636,785,1706,1732]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1977-09-13">13 Sep 1977</date>
, several hydroids up to 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFCF8930FBC26F9CFBE7F932" box="[1063,1131,1706,1732]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
high, some with developing blastostyles, embedded on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FDF26FE5FD36F91A" box="[535,698,1747,1772]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ignis">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FDF26FE5FD36F91A" box="[535,698,1747,1772]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tedania ignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. and det. D. Calder, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FBEF6FE4FBE4F91A" box="[1034,1128,1746,1772]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
B 133; Flatt’s Inlet (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FF726FCCFF72F8E2" box="[151,254,1786,1812]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="32.316666">32°19’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FEEF6FCCFE28F8E2" box="[266,420,1786,1812]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="15" value="-64.74166">64°44’30”W</geoCoordinate>
), 0 
<date id="C331409BFFCF8930FE226FCCFDDFF8E2" box="[455,595,1786,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1982-08-02">2 Aug 1982</date>
, 3 m, on underside of flat rock, several hydroids up to 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFCF8930FB286FCCFA93F8E2" box="[1229,1311,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
high, with developing blastostyles, embedded in sponge and 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FD0E6E15FC66F8CA" box="[747,1002,1827,1852]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FD0E6E15FC66F8CA" box="[747,1002,1827,1852]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. and det. D. Calder, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FAC46E14FAF3F8CA" box="[1313,1407,1826,1852]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
B 147; Castle Grotto, Castle Harbour (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FD826E7CFD43F892" box="[615,719,1866,1892]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="32.35">32°21’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FD3E6E7CFCC6F892" box="[731,842,1866,1892]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-64.7">64°42’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFCF8930FCBB6E7CFC64F892" box="[862,1000,1866,1892]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1982-07-20">20 Jul 1982</date>
, 1 m, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFCF8930FBCA6E7CFBE6F892" box="[1071,1130,1866,1892]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
inside cave entrance, several hydroids up to 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFCF8930FE9A6E44FE5EF87A" box="[383,466,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
high, with developing blastostyles, embedded in sponge, coll. and det. D. Calder, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FF726EACFF7AF842" box="[151,246,1946,1972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ROMIZ</collectionCode>
B 165. 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFCF8930FEB46EACFE11F842" box="[337,413,1946,1972]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: São Paulo state, São Sebastião, Ponta do Jarobá, (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FBF06EACFBFBF842" box="[1045,1143,1946,1972]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-20.75">20°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFCF8930FB666EACFB7EF842" box="[1155,1266,1946,1972]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFCF8930FAE26EACFABBF842" box="[1287,1335,1946,1972]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
, 0 
<date id="C331409BFFCF8930FAB76EACFF58F82A" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1985-05-03">3 May 1985</date>
, coll. A.E. Migotto, several hydroids without gonophores, embedded on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCF8930FBB36EF5FAABF82A" box="[1110,1319,1987,2012]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laxissima">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCF8930FBB36EF5FAABF82A" box="[1110,1319,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mycale laxissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFCF8930FADF6EF4FA10F82A" box="[1338,1436,1986,2012]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1987; São Sebastião, Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FD8369AEFD45FF44" box="[614,713,152,178]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-23.75">23°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FD3069AEFCC9FF44" box="[725,837,152,178]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FCBF69AEFC14FF44" box="[858,920,152,178]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5m</quantity>
, 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FC4169AEFBB3FF44" box="[932,1087,152,178]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-03-26">26 Mar 2002</date>
, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FB8A69AEFAB4FF47" box="[1135,1336,152,177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FB8A69AEFAB4FF47" box="[1135,1336,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mycale angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. C. Campos, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FEE369F6FEE4FF2C" box="[262,360,192,218]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
2000, 1998 and 1996; São Sebastião, Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FBE769F6FBE9FF2C" box="[1026,1125,192,218]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-23.75">23°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FB9769F6FB6DFF2C" box="[1138,1249,192,218]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FB1269F6FA1BFF2C" box="[1271,1431,192,218]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-05-13">13 May 2001</date>
, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FF5869DEFE04FEF7" box="[189,392,232,257]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FF5869DEFE04FEF7" box="[189,392,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mycale angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. C. Campos, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FD8C69DEFD47FEF4" box="[617,715,232,258]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1993; São Sebastião, Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FB4B69DEFA9CFEF4" box="[1198,1296,232,258]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-23.75">23°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FAFA69DEFA02FEF4" box="[1311,1422,232,258]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FF726826FECAFEDC" box="[151,326,272,298]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-05-27">27 May 2001</date>
, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FE626826FDD4FEDF" box="[391,600,272,297]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FE626826FDD4FEDF" box="[391,600,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mycale angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FD446826FC03FEDF" box="[673,911,272,297]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hypneaceae" genus="Hypnea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="cervicornis">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FD446826FC03FEDF" box="[673,911,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hypnea cervicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. O.M. Oliveira, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FB496826FA82FEDC" box="[1196,1294,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1991; São Sebastião, Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FE16680EFDD9FEA4" box="[499,597,312,338]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-23.75">23°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FD81680EFD5FFEA4" box="[612,723,312,338]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FD0E680EFC9FFEA4" box="[747,787,312,338]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
, 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FCC7680EFC4EFEA4" box="[802,962,312,338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-03-26">26 Mar 2002</date>
, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FC13680EFB4DFEA7" box="[1014,1217,312,337]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FC13680EFB4DFEA7" box="[1014,1217,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mycale angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. C. Campos, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FF726856FF75FE8C" box="[151,249,352,378]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1989; São Sebastião, Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FD346856FCBFFE8C" box="[721,819,352,378]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-23.75">23°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FCA56856FC3CFE8C" box="[832,944,352,378]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FC206856FBD8FE8C" box="[965,1108,352,378]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1988-01-11">11 Jan 1988</date>
, on 
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FB636856FAD5FE8F" box="[1158,1369,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FB636856FAD9FE8F" box="[1158,1365,352,377]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laxissima">Mycale laxissima</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
, coll. A. E. Migotto, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FEAE68BEFE21FE54" box="[331,429,392,418]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1985; São Sebastião, Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FC6C68BEFC60FE54" box="[905,1004,392,418]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-23.75">23°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FC1F68BEFBE5FE54" box="[1018,1129,392,418]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FB9A68BEFB32FE54" box="[1151,1214,392,418]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="4.5">4.5m</quantity>
, 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FB2F68BEFAD1FE54" box="[1226,1373,392,418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-01-24">24 Jan 2002</date>
, coll. C. Campos, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FEC86886FE03FE3C" box="[301,399,432,458]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1982; Laje dos Moleques (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FCED6886FC1AFE3C" box="[776,918,432,458]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-23.836668">23°49’72”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FC416886FBB2FE3C" box="[932,1086,432,458]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-45.42167">45°24’78”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FBB06886FB04FE3C" box="[1109,1160,432,458]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FB736886FAB6FE3C" box="[1174,1338,432,458]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1987-05-14">14 May 1987</date>
, several hydroids without gonophores, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FDCA68EEFD73FE07" box="[559,767,472,497]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laxissima">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FDCA68EEFD73FE07" box="[559,767,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mycale laxissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. A.E. Migotto, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FBE568EEFBEEFE04" box="[1024,1122,472,498]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1986; São Sebastião, test panel at Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FE356B36FDD1FDEC" box="[464,605,512,538]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-23.828335">23°49’42”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FD8F6B36FC88FDEC" box="[618,772,512,538]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-45.421112">45°25’16”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FCFC6B36FC23FDEC" box="[793,943,512,538]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1992-02-18">18 Feb 1992</date>
, several hydroids without gonophores, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FF726B1EFEF3FDB7" box="[151,383,552,577]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hypneaceae" genus="Hypnea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="cervicornis">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FF726B1EFEF3FDB7" box="[151,383,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hypnea cervicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FE5F6B1EFDC7FDB7" box="[442,587,552,577]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FE5F6B1EFDC7FDB7" box="[442,587,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Eudendrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., coll. A.E. Migotto, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FC886B1EFC43FDB4" box="[877,975,552,578]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1988; São Sebastião, Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FF456B66FE8FFD9C" box="[160,259,592,618]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-23.75">23°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FEEA6B66FEF2FD9C" box="[271,382,592,618]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FE766B66FE37FD9C" box="[403,443,592,618]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
, 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FE226B66FDDAFD9C" box="[455,598,592,618]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-01-24">24 Jan 2002</date>
, in sponge, coll. C. Campos, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FC496B66FB82FD9C" box="[940,1038,592,618]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1999; São Sebastião, test panel at Ponta do Jarobá, 0 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FE9C6B4EFD88FD64" box="[377,516,632,658]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1989-10-06">6 Oct 1989</date>
, several polyps with gonophores, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FC2F6B4EFB2AFD67" box="[970,1190,632,657]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Clavelinidae" genus="Clavelina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FC2F6B4EFB2AFD67" box="[970,1190,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clavelina oblonga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. A.E. Migotto, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FF726B96FF75FD4C" box="[151,249,672,698]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1995; São Sebastião, test panel at Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FC8B6B96FC77FD4C" box="[878,1019,672,698]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-23.828335">23°49’42”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FBEC6B96FB2EFD4C" box="[1033,1186,672,698]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-45.421112">45°25’16”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FB5D6B96FB64FD4C" box="[1208,1256,672,698]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FB136B96FA1BFD4C" box="[1270,1431,672,698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1991-05-13">13 May 1991</date>
, several hydroids with gonophores, embedded on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FD0F6BFEFC3AFD17" box="[746,950,712,737]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FD0F6BFEFC3AFD17" box="[746,950,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mycale angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. A.E. Migotto, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FB536BFEFA94FD14" box="[1206,1304,712,738]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1994; São Sebastião, test panel at Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FD6C6BC6FC9BFCFC" box="[649,791,752,778]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-23.828335">23°49’42”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FCC16BC6FC32FCFC" box="[804,958,752,778]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-45.421112">45°25’16”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FC306BC6FBE5FCFC" box="[981,1129,752,778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1985-01-15">15 Jan 1985</date>
, several hydroids without gonophores, embedded on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FE376A2EFD16FCC7" box="[466,666,792,817]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FE376A2EFD16FCC7" box="[466,666,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mycale angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. A.E. Migotto, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FC686A2EFC63FCC4" box="[909,1007,792,818]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1981; Ponta do Jarobá (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FAD16A2EFA1BFCC4" box="[1332,1431,792,818]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-20.75">20°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FF726A76FE8AFCAC" box="[151,262,832,858]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FEFB6A76FE33FCAC" box="[286,447,832,858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1984-11-27">27 Nov 1984</date>
, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FE2B6A76FD80FCAC" box="[462,524,832,858]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5m</quantity>
, several detached hydroids with gonophores, coll. F.L. da Silveira, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FADF6A76FA10FCAC" box="[1338,1436,832,858]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1992; Ponta do Baleeiro (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FE1E6A5EFD02FC74" box="[507,654,872,898]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-23.829168">23°49’45``S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FD786A5EFCBBFC74" box="[669,823,872,898]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-45.423336">45°25’24”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FCAB6A5EFC7CFC74" box="[846,1008,872,898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1985-08-27">27 Aug 1985</date>
, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FC1A6A5EFBB1FC74" box="[1023,1085,872,898]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5m</quantity>
, several hydroids with gonophores, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FEFC6AA6FE0AFC5F" box="[281,390,912,937]" class="Anthozoa" family="Zoanthidae" genus="Zoanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zoantharia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FEFC6AA6FE0AFC5F" box="[281,390,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Zoanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., coll. A.E. Migotto, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FD406AA6FC8BFC5C" box="[677,775,912,938]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1990; Ponta do Jarobá (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FBB56AA6FB3FFC5C" box="[1104,1203,912,938]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-20.75">20°45’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FB256AA6FAA3FC5C" box="[1216,1327,912,938]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="925" value="-45.433334">45°26’W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FAA16AA6FF58FC24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1984-11-27">27 Nov 1984</date>
, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FF056A8EFE92FC24" box="[224,286,952,978]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5m</quantity>
, several hydroids with gonophores, embedded on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FC826A8EFBBCFC27" box="[871,1072,952,977]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FC826A8EFBBCFC27" box="[871,1072,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Mycale angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. F.L. da Silveira, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FADF6A8EFA17FC24" box="[1338,1435,952,978]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
001984;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFC88937FF236D3EFAD5FB34" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Live. São Sebastião, test panel at Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FCAE6D3EFC54FBD4" box="[843,984,1032,1058]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-23.828335">23°49’42”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FC0C6D3EFB0FFBD4" box="[1001,1155,1032,1058]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-45.421112">45°25’16”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FB796D3EFAB4FBD4" box="[1180,1336,1032,1058]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-10-13">13 Oct 2001</date>
, several hydroids with gonophores, coll. C. Campos, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FD596D06FC92FBBC" box="[700,798,1072,1098]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1983; São Sebastião, test panel at Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FF456D6EFEA2FB84" box="[160,302,1112,1138]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-23.828335">23°49’42”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FEDE6D6EFE59FB84" box="[315,469,1112,1138]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-45.421112">45°25’16”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FE0E6D6EFDF5FB84" box="[491,633,1112,1138]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2001-07-25">25 Jul 2001</date>
, several hydroids without gonophores, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC88937FB946D6EFAD5FB87" box="[1137,1369,1112,1137]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hypneaceae" genus="Hypnea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gigartinales" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="cervicornis">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FB946D6EFAD5FB87" box="[1137,1369,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hypnea cervicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, coll. A.E. Migotto, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FEA46DB6FE2FFB6C" box="[321,419,1152,1178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1980; São Sebastião, test panel at Ponta do Jarobá, (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FBEC6DB6FB1BFB6C" box="[1033,1175,1152,1178]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-23.828335">23°49’42”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFC88937FB476DB6FAB0FB6C" box="[1186,1340,1152,1178]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="15" value="-45.421112">45°25’16”W</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFC88937FAB46DB6FF59FB34" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2002-01-23">23 Jan 2002</date>
, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FF056D9EFE93FB34" box="[224,287,1192,1218]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5m</quantity>
, several hydroids with gonophores, on colonial ascidians, coll. A.E. Migotto, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFC88937FB4B6D9EFA9CFB34" box="[1198,1296,1192,1218]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MZUSP</collectionCode>
1997.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF9535D0FFC8892BFF236DF9FC43FEA4" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFC88936FF236DF9FC37FEF4" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,152,258]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC88937FF236DF9FED2FB1F" bold="true" box="[198,350,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description.</emphasis>
Hydroids 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FE3B6DE6FDF0FB1C" box="[478,636,1232,1258]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.449999999999999" metricValueMax="12.1" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="7.449999999999999" valueMax="12.1" valueMin="2.8">2.8–12.1 mm</quantity>
in height, extent of hydrocaulus embedded in sponges varied, also on tunicates, algae, and other cnidarians. Hydrorhiza with one to several bulbous, finger-shaped or clubshaped processes, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FE956C16FE72FACC" box="[368,510,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="3.1" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="1.8">1.8–4.4 mm</quantity>
in length, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FD9B6C16FC81FACC" box="[638,781,1312,1338]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.8999999999999999" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.4 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Hydrorhizal processes grouped together at most basal part of hydrorhiza or spread around median parts of hydrocaulus, forming anchoring processes. Hydranth vasiform, hydranth body 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FDDE6C46FD46FA7C" box="[571,714,1392,1418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4–1.8 mm</quantity>
high, 0.2–1.0 mm in maximum diameter. Oral tentacles filiform, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FF056CAEFEB7FA44" box="[224,315,1432,1458]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="12.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="7.0">7–18 in</quantity>
number, in one whorl, adnate to hypostome around mouth, tentacles circular in cross section, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FF726CF6FECDFA2C" box="[151,321,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.395" valueMax="0.62" valueMin="0.17">0.17–0.62 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FE6E6CF6FDBAFA2C" box="[395,566,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.06999999999999999" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.02">0.02–0.12 mm</quantity>
in maximum diameter. Aboral tentacles filiform, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FB986CF6FB69FA2C" box="[1149,1253,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="20.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="16.0">16–24 in</quantity>
number, in one whorl, evenly spaced at base of hydranth body, space between adjacent tentacular bases equal to diameter of tentacles, tentacles ovate in cross section near base, circular in cross section at distal free part, 0.4–2.0 mm long, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FF3C6F0EFE0FF9A4" box="[217,387,1592,1618]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.09" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.03">0.03–0.15 mm</quantity>
in maximum diameter. Fertile hydranths with 3–10 short, dichotomously ramified blastostyles, in one whorl above aboral tentacles. Hydranths monoecious, each blastostyle with 1–8 cryptomedusoid gonophores, male and female gonophores on different blastostyles; gonophores oval, thickened distal end forming vault around orifice, 4 short, laterally compressed crests at distalmost end. Developed gonophores with large central spadix; male gonophores 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FD706FEEFCCCF904" box="[661,832,1752,1778]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" metricValueMax="7.199999999999999" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.43" valueMax="0.72" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.72 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FC6C6FEEFBB8F904" box="[905,1076,1752,1778]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.26" valueMax="0.38" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.38 mm</quantity>
in maximum diameter; female gonophores 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FECD6E36FE3AF8EC" box="[296,438,1792,1818]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.9 mm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FDE46E36FD1CF8EC" box="[513,656,1792,1818]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.9 mm</quantity>
in maximum diameter. Completely developed female gonophores with up to 4 actinulae. Actinulae 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FDF86E1EFD0AF8B4" box="[541,646,1832,1858]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
in height, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC88937FCE16E1EFCE0F8B4" box="[772,876,1832,1858]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
in maximum diameter, with 6–16 slightly capitate aboral tentacles. Hydrocaulus flexible, sometimes twisted or bent in several directions, covered by thin perisarc, slightly thickened at basal part of hydrocaulus; hydrocaulus widening proximally, distal part of hydrocaulus cylindrical. Some hydroids growing horizontally on algae with median part of hydrocaulus widened. Perisarc secreted at region above circular groove, between hydrocaulus and hydranth base. Coenosarc of hydrocaulus with 7–10 longitudinal canals, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFC98936FD4C69AEFCF8FF44" box="[681,884,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.699999999999999" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.056999999999999995" valueMax="0.091" valueMin="0.023">0.023–0.091 mm</quantity>
in diameter, uniformly aligned at most distal part, irregularly anastomosed along hydrocaulus length. Living hydroids with hydrocaulus well demarcated from hydrorhiza by perisarc thickness, near basal embedding region.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E3F036D3FFC98936FF726F26FB53F966" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273952/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" targetBox="[264,1322,317,1526]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFC98936FF726F26FB53F966" blockId="13.[151,1436,1552,1680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC98936FF726F26FE95F9DE" bold="true" box="[151,281,1552,1576]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC98936FEC46F27FE54F9DE" box="[289,472,1553,1576]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC98936FEC46F27FE54F9DE" box="[289,472,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Zyzzyzus warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: live material – A, polyps embedded on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC98936FC6B6F27FC57F9DE" box="[910,987,1553,1576]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ignis">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC98936FC6B6F27FC57F9DE" box="[910,987,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. ignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; B, polyps embedded on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFC98936FB0A6F27FAF9F9DE" box="[1263,1397,1553,1576]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC98936FB0A6F27FAF9F9DE" box="[1263,1397,1553,1576]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">M. angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C, hydranth with fully-developed male gonophores; D, detached polyp with a female gonophore containing developing actinulae; E, detached blastostyle with a fully developed male gonophore; F, fully developed actinula. Preserved material – G, polyp showing bulbous processes; H, polyp showing finger-shaped processes. Scale bar = 250µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFC98936FF236FD0FEFEF806" blockId="13.[151,1436,1766,2032]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFC98936FF236FD0FEB3F8F6" bold="true" box="[198,319,1766,1792]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cnidome.</emphasis>
Large stenoteles 9.2–13.7 x 8.2–13.2 Μm (11.5 ± 1.1 x 10.6 ± 1.3, n = 51); small stenoteles 5.1– 7.1 x 3.9–5.9 Μm (5.9 ± 0.4 x 4.8 ± 0.5, n = 100); basitrichous isorhizae 5.7–7.6 x 1.8–3.2 Μm (6.7 ± 0.4 x 2.3 ± 0.2, n = 55); heterotrichous microbasic euryteles 8.0–11.8 x 3.7–6.7 Μm (9.8 ± 1.2 x 5.3 ± 0.9, n = 11); desmonemes 3.4–4.7 x 2.4–3.6 Μm (4.0 ± 0.3 x 3.0 ± 0.3, n = 45). Homotrichous microbasic euryteles 6.8–8.4 x 4.9–6.5 Μm (7.6 ± 0.4 x 5.5 ± 0.4, n = 26) (hydranth); merotrichous isorhizae 6.8–8.0 x 3.4–4.4 Μm (7.6 ± 0.3 x 3.9 ± 0.3, n = 35) (only seen on gonophores) (see 
<tableCitation id="FA0D53E0FFC98936FD1B6E98FCD9F83E" box="[766,853,1966,1992]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="15.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1396,242,1785]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="TABLE 6. Comparison of dimensions of nematocysts of Zyzzyzus warreni from Bermuda, Brazil, and South Africa. All data from this study." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F036D3FFCB8934FF7269A1FEFDFF27" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="E3F036D3FFCB8934FF7269A1FEFDFF27">Table 6</tableCitation>
for detailed distribution of basitrichous isorhizae and desmonemes).
</paragraph>
<caption id="E3F036D3FFCA8935FF7269A1FD11FF23" ID-Table-UUID="E3F036D3FFCA8935FF7269A1FD11FF23" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F036D3FFCA8935FF7269A1FD11FF23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" targetBox="[159,1396,247,567]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCA8935FF7269A1FD11FF23" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCA8935FF7269A1FE80FF59" bold="true" box="[151,268,151,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TABLE 5.</emphasis>
Comparison of measurements of morphological characters of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCA8935FC2169AEFB0CFF59" box="[964,1152,152,175]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCA8935FC2169AEFB0CFF59" box="[964,1152,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Zyzzyzus warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in paratypes from South Africa and specimens from Bermuda and Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCA8935FEBA69C1FE96FDC1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<table id="C58F94FBFFCA76C4FF7A69C1FAF8FDC1" box="[159,1396,247,567]" gridcols="8" gridrows="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A69C1FAF8FEFA" box="[159,1396,247,268]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FEBA69C1FDB2FEFA" box="[351,574,247,268]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">South Africa</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD3069C1FCCDFEFA" box="[725,833,247,268]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Bermuda</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE69C1FAB4FEFA" box="[1083,1336,247,268]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Brazil</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6829FAF8FE8C" box="[159,1396,287,378]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6829FEB9FE8C" box="[159,309,287,378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hydrorhiza</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FEBA6829FDB2FE8C" box="[351,574,287,378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">x ± SD Range (in Μm) (in Μm)</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6829FD07FE8C" box="[639,651,287,378]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306829FCCDFE8C" box="[725,833,287,378]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">x ± SD (in Μm)</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FCBA6829FC47FE8C" box="[863,971,287,378]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Range (in Μm)</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6829FB8CFE8C" box="[1000,1024,287,378]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6829FAB4FE8C" box="[1083,1336,287,378]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">x ± SD Range (in Μm) (in Μm)</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FAB96829FAF8FE8C" box="[1372,1396,287,378]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">n</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A68BBFAF8FE49" box="[159,1396,397,447]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A68BBFEB9FE49" box="[159,309,397,447]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Number of pro- cesses</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FEBA68BBFDB2FE49" box="[351,574,397,447]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A68BBFD07FE49" box="[639,651,397,447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD3068BBFCCDFE49" box="[725,833,397,447]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3± 1</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FCBA68BBFC47FE49" box="[863,971,397,447]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1–5</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D68BBFB8CFE49" box="[1000,1024,397,447]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE68BBFAB4FE49" box="[1083,1336,397,447]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FAB968BBFAF8FE49" box="[1372,1396,397,447]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A68E4FAF8FE11" box="[159,1396,466,487]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A68E4FEB9FE11" box="[159,309,466,487]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Length</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FEBA68E4FDB2FE11" box="[351,574,466,487]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A68E4FD07FE11" box="[639,651,466,487]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD3068E4FCCDFE11" box="[725,833,466,487]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2632±1129</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FCBA68E4FC47FE11" box="[863,971,466,487]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1819–4397</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D68E4FB8CFE11" box="[1000,1024,466,487]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE68E4FAB4FE11" box="[1083,1336,466,487]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2632 ± 1129 1819–4397</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FAB968E4FAF8FE11" box="[1372,1396,466,487]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A68CCFAF8FDF9" box="[159,1396,506,527]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A68CCFEB9FDF9" box="[159,309,506,527]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diameter</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FEBA68CCFDB2FDF9" box="[351,574,506,527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A68CCFD07FDF9" box="[639,651,506,527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD3068CCFCCDFDF9" box="[725,833,506,527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">881±275</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FCBA68CCFC47FDF9" box="[863,971,506,527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">426–1413</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D68CCFB8CFDF9" box="[1000,1024,506,527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">23</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE68CCFAB4FDF9" box="[1083,1336,506,527]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">881±275 426–1413</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FAB968CCFAF8FDF9" box="[1372,1396,506,527]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">23</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6B14FAF8FDC1" box="[159,1396,546,567]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6B14FEB9FDC1" box="[159,309,546,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hydrocaulus</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCA8935FF7A6B7CFAE8F872" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<table id="C58F94FBFFCA76C4FF7A6B7CFA0CF872" box="[159,1408,586,1924]" gridcols="7" gridrows="31" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6B7CFA0CFDA9" box="[159,1408,586,607]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6B7CFE4CFDA9" box="[159,448,586,607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Length 2331±881</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6B7CFDD7FDA9" box="[495,603,586,607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">1010–4219</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6B7CFD1BFDA9" box="[639,663,586,607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">18</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306B7CFC33FDA9" box="[725,959,586,607]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2200± 1236 605–4249</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6B7CFB80FDA9" box="[1000,1036,586,607]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">26</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6B7CFAA0FDA9" box="[1083,1324,586,607]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">2483± 1382 605–5925</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6B7CFA0CFDA9" box="[1371,1408,586,607]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">47</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6B44FA0CFD52" box="[159,1408,626,676]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6B44FE4CFD52" box="[159,448,626,676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Proximal diame- 712 ±239 ter</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6B44FDD7FD52" box="[495,603,626,676]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">258–1509</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6B44FD1BFD52" box="[639,663,626,676]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">61</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306B44FC33FD52" box="[725,959,626,676]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">589±237 207–1161</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6B44FB80FD52" box="[1000,1036,626,676]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">95</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6B44FAA0FD52" box="[1083,1324,626,676]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">582± 255 164–1509</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6B44FA0CFD52" box="[1371,1408,626,676]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">339</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6B81FA0CFD3A" box="[159,1408,695,716]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6B81FE4CFD3A" box="[159,448,695,716]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Median diameter 536± 228</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6B81FDD7FD3A" box="[495,603,695,716]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">191–1102</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6B81FD1BFD3A" box="[639,663,695,716]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">63</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306B81FC33FD3A" box="[725,959,695,716]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">471±158 220–800</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6B81FB80FD3A" box="[1000,1036,695,716]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">72</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6B81FAA0FD3A" box="[1083,1324,695,716]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">457 ±169 155–1102</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6B81FA0CFD3A" box="[1371,1408,695,716]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">339</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6BE9FA0CFD02" box="[159,1408,735,756]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6BE9FE4CFD02" box="[159,448,735,756]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distal diameter 431± 115</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6BE9FDD7FD02" box="[495,603,735,756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">256–866</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6BE9FD1BFD02" box="[639,663,735,756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">68</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306BE9FC33FD02" box="[725,959,735,756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">366 ±165 135–747</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6BE9FB80FD02" box="[1000,1036,735,756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">85</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6BE9FAA0FD02" box="[1083,1324,735,756]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">388 ±130 135–866</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6BE9FA0CFD02" box="[1371,1408,735,756]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">360</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6A31FA0CFCEA" box="[159,1408,775,796]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6A31FE4CFCEA" box="[159,448,775,796]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Hydranth</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6A19FA0CFCB2" box="[159,1408,815,836]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6A19FE4CFCB2" box="[159,448,815,836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Total length 918± 280</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6A19FDD7FCB2" box="[495,603,815,836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">590–1704</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6A19FD1BFCB2" box="[639,663,815,836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">22</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306A19FC33FCB2" box="[725,959,815,836]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">803 ±218 393–1235</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6A19FB80FCB2" box="[1000,1036,815,836]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">34</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6A19FAA0FCB2" box="[1083,1324,815,836]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">860±319 393–1794</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6A19FA0CFCB2" box="[1371,1408,815,836]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">131</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6A61FA0CFC51" box="[159,1408,855,935]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6A61FE4CFC51" box="[159,448,855,935]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Length from abo- 650± 180 ral tentacle bases to hypostomial tip</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6A61FDD7FC51" box="[495,603,855,935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">397–1169</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6A61FD1BFC51" box="[639,663,855,935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">20</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306A61FC33FC51" box="[725,959,855,935]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">533 ±158 188–804</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6A61FB80FC51" box="[1000,1036,855,935]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">32</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6A61FAA0FC51" box="[1083,1324,855,935]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">747±287 188–1417</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6A61FA0CFC51" box="[1371,1408,855,935]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">148</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6A8CFA0CFC39" box="[159,1408,954,975]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6A8CFE4CFC39" box="[159,448,954,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diameter at base 587 ± 167</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6A8CFDD7FC39" box="[495,603,954,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">361–987</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6A8CFD1BFC39" box="[639,663,954,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">25</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306A8CFC33FC39" box="[725,959,954,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">599 ±207 231–994</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6A8CFB80FC39" box="[1000,1036,954,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">38</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6A8CFAA0FC39" box="[1083,1324,954,975]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">569±163 231–994</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6A8CFA0CFC39" box="[1371,1408,954,975]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">123</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6AD4FA0CFC01" box="[159,1408,994,1015]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6AD4FE4CFC01" box="[159,448,994,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Tentacles</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6D3CFA0CFBE9" box="[159,1408,1034,1055]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6D3CFE4CFBE9" box="[159,448,1034,1055]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Oral</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6D04FA0CFBB1" box="[159,1408,1074,1095]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6D04FE4CFBB1" box="[159,448,1074,1095]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Number -</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6D04FDD7FBB1" box="[495,603,1074,1095]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6D04FD1BFBB1" box="[639,663,1074,1095]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306D04FC33FBB1" box="[725,959,1074,1095]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13 ± 2 10–17</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6D04FB80FBB1" box="[1000,1036,1074,1095]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">14</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6D04FAA0FBB1" box="[1083,1324,1074,1095]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">13±3 7–18</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6D04FA0CFBB1" box="[1371,1408,1074,1095]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">34</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6D6CFA0CFB99" box="[159,1408,1114,1135]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6D6CFE4CFB99" box="[159,448,1114,1135]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Length 325 ± 92</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6D6CFDD7FB99" box="[495,603,1114,1135]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">236–583</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6D6CFD1BFB99" box="[639,663,1114,1135]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">15</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306D6CFC33FB99" box="[725,959,1114,1135]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">326±78 167–506</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6D6CFB80FB99" box="[1000,1036,1114,1135]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">47</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6D6CFAA0FB99" box="[1083,1324,1114,1135]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">369±98 167–618</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6D6CFA0CFB99" box="[1371,1408,1114,1135]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">95</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6DB4FA0CFB61" box="[159,1408,1154,1175]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6DB4FE4CFB61" box="[159,448,1154,1175]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diameter 67± 12</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6DB4FDD7FB61" box="[495,603,1154,1175]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">41–97</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6DB4FD1BFB61" box="[639,663,1154,1175]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">37</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306DB4FC33FB61" box="[725,959,1154,1175]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">60 ±26 24–122</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6DB4FB80FB61" box="[1000,1036,1154,1175]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">60</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6DB4FAA0FB61" box="[1083,1324,1154,1175]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">63±19 24–122</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6DB4FA0CFB61" box="[1371,1408,1154,1175]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">195</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6D9CFA0CFB49" box="[159,1408,1194,1215]" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6D9CFE4CFB49" box="[159,448,1194,1215]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Aboral</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6DE4FA0CFB11" box="[159,1408,1234,1255]" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6DE4FE4CFB11" box="[159,448,1234,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Number -</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6DE4FDD7FB11" box="[495,603,1234,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6DE4FD1BFB11" box="[639,663,1234,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306DE4FC33FB11" box="[725,959,1234,1255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">20 ±2 17–24</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6DE4FB80FB11" box="[1000,1036,1234,1255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">19</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6DE4FAA0FB11" box="[1083,1324,1234,1255]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">21±2 16–24</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6DE4FA0CFB11" box="[1371,1408,1234,1255]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">32</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6DCCFA0CFAF9" box="[159,1408,1274,1295]" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6DCCFE4CFAF9" box="[159,448,1274,1295]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Length 1213±341</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6DCCFDD7FAF9" box="[495,603,1274,1295]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">793–2007</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6DCCFD1BFAF9" box="[639,663,1274,1295]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">9</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306DCCFC33FAF9" box="[725,959,1274,1295]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">771±232 442–1331</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6DCCFB80FAF9" box="[1000,1036,1274,1295]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">35</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6DCCFAA0FAF9" box="[1083,1324,1274,1295]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">862±311 442–2007</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6DCCFA0CFAF9" box="[1371,1408,1274,1295]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">44</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6C14FA0CFAC1" box="[159,1408,1314,1335]" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6C14FE4CFAC1" box="[159,448,1314,1335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diameter 67± 23</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6C14FDD7FAC1" box="[495,603,1314,1335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">31–115</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6C14FD1BFAC1" box="[639,663,1314,1335]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">87</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306C14FC33FAC1" box="[725,959,1314,1335]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">74 ±31 28–134</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6C14FB80FAC1" box="[1000,1036,1314,1335]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">123</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6C14FAA0FAC1" box="[1083,1324,1314,1335]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">74±26 28–148</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6C14FA0CFAC1" box="[1371,1408,1314,1335]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">535</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6C7CFA0CFAA9" box="[159,1408,1354,1375]" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6C7CFE4CFAA9" box="[159,448,1354,1375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Gonosome</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6C44FA0CFA71" box="[159,1408,1394,1415]" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6C44FE4CFA71" box="[159,448,1394,1415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Total number</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6C44FDD7FA71" box="[495,603,1394,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6C44FD1BFA71" box="[639,663,1394,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306C44FC33FA71" box="[725,959,1394,1415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6C44FB80FA71" box="[1000,1036,1394,1415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6C44FAA0FA71" box="[1083,1324,1394,1415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">4 ±2 1–8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6C44FA0CFA71" box="[1371,1408,1394,1415]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6CACFA0CFA59" box="[159,1408,1434,1455]" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6CACFE4CFA59" box="[159,448,1434,1455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Male gonophore</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6CF4FA0CFA21" box="[159,1408,1474,1495]" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6CF4FE4CFA21" box="[159,448,1474,1495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Number</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6CF4FDD7FA21" box="[495,603,1474,1495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6CF4FD1BFA21" box="[639,663,1474,1495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306CF4FC33FA21" box="[725,959,1474,1495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6CF4FB80FA21" box="[1000,1036,1474,1495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6CF4FAA0FA21" box="[1083,1324,1474,1495]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5±2 2–8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6CF4FA0CFA21" box="[1371,1408,1474,1495]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6CDCFA0CFA09" box="[159,1408,1514,1535]" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6CDCFE4CFA09" box="[159,448,1514,1535]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Length 460± 104</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6CDCFDD7FA09" box="[495,603,1514,1535]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">239– 532</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6CDCFD1BFA09" box="[639,663,1514,1535]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306CDCFC33FA09" box="[725,959,1514,1535]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6CDCFB80FA09" box="[1000,1036,1514,1535]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6CDCFAA0FA09" box="[1083,1324,1514,1535]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">441 ±115 143–720</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6CDCFA0CFA09" box="[1371,1408,1514,1535]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">87</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6F24FA0CF9D1" box="[159,1408,1554,1575]" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6F24FE4CF9D1" box="[159,448,1554,1575]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diameter 302± 79</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6F24FDD7F9D1" box="[495,603,1554,1575]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">171– 382</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6F24FD1BF9D1" box="[639,663,1554,1575]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306F24FC33F9D1" box="[725,959,1554,1575]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6F24FB80F9D1" box="[1000,1036,1554,1575]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6F24FAA0F9D1" box="[1083,1324,1554,1575]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">262 ± 96 143–382</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6F24FA0CF9D1" box="[1371,1408,1554,1575]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">17</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6F0CFA0CF99A" box="[159,1408,1594,1644]" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6F0CFE4CF99A" box="[159,448,1594,1644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Female gono- phore</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6F49FA0CF962" box="[159,1408,1663,1684]" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6F49FE4CF962" box="[159,448,1663,1684]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Number</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6F49FDD7F962" box="[495,603,1663,1684]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6F49FD1BF962" box="[639,663,1663,1684]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306F49FC33F962" box="[725,959,1663,1684]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6F49FB80F962" box="[1000,1036,1663,1684]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6F49FAA0F962" box="[1083,1324,1663,1684]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">3 ±2 1–7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6F49FA0CF962" box="[1371,1408,1663,1684]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6F91FA0CF94A" box="[159,1408,1703,1724]" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6F91FE4CF94A" box="[159,448,1703,1724]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Length</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6F91FDD7F94A" box="[495,603,1703,1724]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6F91FD1BF94A" box="[639,663,1703,1724]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306F91FC33F94A" box="[725,959,1703,1724]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6F91FB80F94A" box="[1000,1036,1703,1724]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6F91FAA0F94A" box="[1083,1324,1703,1724]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6F91FA0CF94A" box="[1371,1408,1703,1724]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6FF9FA0CF912" box="[159,1408,1743,1764]" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6FF9FE4CF912" box="[159,448,1743,1764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diameter</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6FF9FDD7F912" box="[495,603,1743,1764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6FF9FD1BF912" box="[639,663,1743,1764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306FF9FC33F912" box="[725,959,1743,1764]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6FF9FB80F912" box="[1000,1036,1743,1764]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6FF9FAA0F912" box="[1083,1324,1743,1764]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6FF9FA0CF912" box="[1371,1408,1743,1764]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6FC1FA0CF8FA" box="[159,1408,1783,1804]" gridrow="27" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6FC1FE4CF8FA" box="[159,448,1783,1804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Blastostyles</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6E29FA0CF8C2" box="[159,1408,1823,1844]" gridrow="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6E29FE4CF8C2" box="[159,448,1823,1844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Number</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6E29FDD7F8C2" box="[495,603,1823,1844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6E29FD1BF8C2" box="[639,663,1823,1844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306E29FC33F8C2" box="[725,959,1823,1844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7±1 6–8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6E29FB80F8C2" box="[1000,1036,1823,1844]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">5</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6E29FAA0F8C2" box="[1083,1324,1823,1844]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">7 ±2 3–10</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6E29FA0CF8C2" box="[1371,1408,1823,1844]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6E71FA0CF8AA" box="[159,1408,1863,1884]" gridrow="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6E71FE4CF8AA" box="[159,448,1863,1884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Length</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6E71FDD7F8AA" box="[495,603,1863,1884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6E71FD1BF8AA" box="[639,663,1863,1884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306E71FC33F8AA" box="[725,959,1863,1884]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6E71FB80F8AA" box="[1000,1036,1863,1884]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6E71FAA0F8AA" box="[1083,1324,1863,1884]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6E71FA0CF8AA" box="[1371,1408,1863,1884]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCA76C4FF7A6E59FA0CF872" box="[159,1408,1903,1924]" gridrow="30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FF7A6E59FE4CF872" box="[159,448,1903,1924]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diameter</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FE0A6E59FDD7F872" box="[495,603,1903,1924]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD9A6E59FD1BF872" box="[639,663,1903,1924]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FD306E59FC33F872" box="[725,959,1903,1924]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FC0D6E59FB80F872" box="[1000,1036,1903,1924]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FBDE6E59FAA0F872" box="[1083,1324,1903,1924]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">- -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCA76C4FABE6E59FA0CF872" box="[1371,1408,1903,1924]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">-</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="E3F036D3FFCB8934FF7269A1FEFDFF27" ID-Table-UUID="E3F036D3FFCB8934FF7269A1FEFDFF27" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F036D3FFCB8934FF7269A1FEFDFF27" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" targetBox="[159,1396,242,1785]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCB8934FF7269A1FEFDFF27" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,209]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCB8934FF7269A1FE85FF59" bold="true" box="[151,265,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Comparison of dimensions of nematocysts of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFCB8934FD1869AEFC39FF59" box="[765,949,152,175]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCB8934FD1869AEFC39FF59" box="[765,949,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Zyzzyzus warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Bermuda, Brazil, and South Africa. All data from this study.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCB8934FE8B69C4FAE6F90F" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<table id="C58F94FBFFCB76C4FF7A69C4FAF8F90F" box="[159,1396,242,1785]" gridcols="4" gridrows="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A69C4FAF8FE8F" box="[159,1396,242,377]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A69C4FD4FFE8F" box="[159,707,242,377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nº of Length (in Μm) polyps Range x ± SD</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD0469C4FC85FE8F" box="[737,777,242,377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">n</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC269C4FBC9FE8F" box="[807,1093,242,377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Width (in Μm) Range x ± SD n</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB8469C4FAF8FE8F" box="[1121,1396,242,377]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Range of Abundance length:width ratio</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A68BBFAF8FE52" box="[159,1396,397,420]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A68BBFD4FFE52" box="[159,707,397,420]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Brazil (live material)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A688EFAF8FE0F" box="[159,1396,440,505]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A688EFD4FFE0F" box="[159,707,440,505]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Basitrichous isorhizae Oral tentacles 4 5.8–7.1 6.3 ± 0.3</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD04688EFC85FE0F" box="[737,777,440,505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">28</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC2688EFBC9FE0F" box="[807,1093,440,505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.7–2.9 2.1 ± 0.3 28</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB84688EFAF8FE0F" box="[1121,1396,440,505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.45–3.43 Few</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6B3BFAF8FDD2" box="[159,1396,525,548]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6B3BFD4FFDD2" box="[159,707,525,548]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aboral tentacles 6 6.1–7.5 6.6 ± 0.3</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046B3BFC85FDD2" box="[737,777,525,548]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">73</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26B3BFBC9FDD2" box="[807,1093,525,548]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.8–2.8 2.2 ± 0.2 73</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846B3BFAF8FDD2" box="[1121,1396,525,548]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.66–3.42 Few</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6B0EFAF8FD8F" box="[159,1396,568,633]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6B0EFD4FFD8F" box="[159,707,568,633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydranth 1 5.7–7.6 6.7 ± 0.4 Hydrocaulus 3 6.1–7.3 6.6 ± 0.3</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046B0EFC85FD8F" box="[737,777,568,633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">55 26</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26B0EFBC9FD8F" box="[807,1093,568,633]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.8–3.2 2.3 ± 0.2 55 1.5–2.5 2.1 ± 0.2 26</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846B0EFAF8FD8F" box="[1121,1396,568,633]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.42–3.10 Numerous 2.86–3.98 Few</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6BBBFAF8FD52" box="[159,1396,653,676]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6BBBFD4FFD52" box="[159,707,653,676]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Desmonemes</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6B8EFAF8FD0F" box="[159,1396,696,761]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6B8EFD4FFD0F" box="[159,707,696,761]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oral tentacles - - - Aboral tentacles 6 3.5–4.5 4.0 ± 0.2</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046B8EFC85FD0F" box="[737,777,696,761]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">- 100</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26B8EFBC9FD0F" box="[807,1093,696,761]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">- - - 2.5–3.8 3.1 ± 0.2 100</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846B8EFAF8FD0F" box="[1121,1396,696,761]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">- - 1.21–1.37 Numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6A3BFAF8FCD2" box="[159,1396,781,804]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6A3BFD4FFCD2" box="[159,707,781,804]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydranth 1 3.4–4.7 4.0 ± 0.3</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046A3BFC85FCD2" box="[737,777,781,804]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">45</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26A3BFBC9FCD2" box="[807,1093,781,804]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.4–3.6 3.0 ± 0.3 45</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846A3BFAF8FCD2" box="[1121,1396,781,804]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.29–1.41 Numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6A0EFAF8FC8F" box="[159,1396,824,889]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6A0EFD4FFC8F" box="[159,707,824,889]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydrocaulus 3 3.3–4.3 3.8 ± 0.2 South Africa (SAM H–2648)</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046A0EFC85FC8F" box="[737,777,824,889]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">45</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26A0EFBC9FC8F" box="[807,1093,824,889]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.2–3.3 2.9 ± 0.2 45</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846A0EFAF8FC8F" box="[1121,1396,824,889]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.29–1.49 Numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6ABBFAF8FC52" box="[159,1396,909,932]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6ABBFD4FFC52" box="[159,707,909,932]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Basitrichous isorhizae</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6A8EFAF8FC0F" box="[159,1396,952,1017]" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6A8EFD4FFC0F" box="[159,707,952,1017]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oral tentacles 1 6.3–6.8 6.6 ± 0.2 Aboral tentacles 1 6.1–7.0 6.7 ± 0.2</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046A8EFC85FC0F" box="[737,777,952,1017]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8 28</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26A8EFBC9FC0F" box="[807,1093,952,1017]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.0–2.5 2.3 ± 0.1 8 2.0–3.4 2.3 ± 0.3 28</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846A8EFAF8FC0F" box="[1121,1396,952,1017]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.73–3.12 Numerous 2.05–3.12 Numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6D3BFAF8FBD2" box="[159,1396,1037,1060]" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6D3BFD4FFBD2" box="[159,707,1037,1060]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydranth 1 5.7–7.6 6.7 ± 0.5</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046D3BFC85FBD2" box="[737,777,1037,1060]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">22</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26D3BFBC9FBD2" box="[807,1093,1037,1060]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.8–3.5 2.4 ± 0.4 22</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846D3BFAF8FBD2" box="[1121,1396,1037,1060]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.19–3.09 Numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6D0EFAF8FB8F" box="[159,1396,1080,1145]" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6D0EFD4FFB8F" box="[159,707,1080,1145]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydrocaulus 1 6.3–6.7 6.5 ± 0.3 Desmonemes</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046D0EFC85FB8F" box="[737,777,1080,1145]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26D0EFBC9FB8F" box="[807,1093,1080,1145]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.1–2.2 2.1 ± 0.1 2</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846D0EFAF8FB8F" box="[1121,1396,1080,1145]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3.02–3.09 Numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6DBBFAF8FB52" box="[159,1396,1165,1188]" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6DBBFD4FFB52" box="[159,707,1165,1188]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oral tentacles - - -</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046DBBFC85FB52" box="[737,777,1165,1188]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26DBBFBC9FB52" box="[807,1093,1165,1188]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">- - -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846DBBFAF8FB52" box="[1121,1396,1165,1188]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">- -</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6D8EFAF8FB0F" box="[159,1396,1208,1273]" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6D8EFD4FFB0F" box="[159,707,1208,1273]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aboral tentacles 1 3.3–4.3 3.9 ± 0.3 Hydranth 1 3.5–4.4 3.9 ± 0.3</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046D8EFC85FB0F" box="[737,777,1208,1273]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">18 7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26D8EFBC9FB0F" box="[807,1093,1208,1273]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.3–3.2 2.8 ± 0.2 18 2.5–2.9 2.7 ± 0.2 7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846D8EFAF8FB0F" box="[1121,1396,1208,1273]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.35–1.43 Numerous 1.41 –1.,51 Few</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6C3BFAF8FAD2" box="[159,1396,1293,1316]" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6C3BFD4FFAD2" box="[159,707,1293,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydrocaulus 1 3.6–4.6 4.0 ± 0.3</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046C3BFC85FAD2" box="[737,777,1293,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26C3BFBC9FAD2" box="[807,1093,1293,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.5–3.2 2.9 ± 0.2 7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846C3BFAF8FAD2" box="[1121,1396,1293,1316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.41–1.44 Numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6C0EFAF8FA8F" box="[159,1396,1336,1401]" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6C0EFD4FFA8F" box="[159,707,1336,1401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bermuda (ROMIZ B165) Basitrichous isorhizae</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6CBBFAF8FA52" box="[159,1396,1421,1444]" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6CBBFD4FFA52" box="[159,707,1421,1444]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oral tentacles 1 6.6–7.5 7.0 ± 0.31</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046CBBFC85FA52" box="[737,777,1421,1444]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">10</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26CBBFBC9FA52" box="[807,1093,1421,1444]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.0–2.4 2.2 ± 0.15 10</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846CBBFAF8FA52" box="[1121,1396,1421,1444]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3.14–3.38 Few</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6C8EFAF8FA0F" box="[159,1396,1464,1529]" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6C8EFD4FFA0F" box="[159,707,1464,1529]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aboral tentacles 1 6.2–7.4 6.7 ± 0.32 Hydranth 1 6.1–8.1 7.1 ± 0.98</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046C8EFC85FA0F" box="[737,777,1464,1529]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">30 3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26C8EFBC9FA0F" box="[807,1093,1464,1529]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.8–2.6 2.2 ± 0.23 30 2.3–2.7 2.5 ± 0.25 3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846C8EFAF8FA0F" box="[1121,1396,1464,1529]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.83–3.44 Few 2.68–2.95 Few</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6F3BFAF8F9D2" box="[159,1396,1549,1572]" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6F3BFD4FF9D2" box="[159,707,1549,1572]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydrocaulus 1 5.7–7.2 6.4 ± 0.47</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046F3BFC85F9D2" box="[737,777,1549,1572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26F3BFBC9F9D2" box="[807,1093,1549,1572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.8–2.5 2.3 ± 0.21 8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846F3BFAF8F9D2" box="[1121,1396,1549,1572]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.90–3.16 Few</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6F0EFAF8F98F" box="[159,1396,1592,1657]" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6F0EFD4FF98F" box="[159,707,1592,1657]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Desmonemes Oral tentacles - - -</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046F0EFC85F98F" box="[737,777,1592,1657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">-</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26F0EFBC9F98F" box="[807,1093,1592,1657]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">- - -</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846F0EFAF8F98F" box="[1121,1396,1592,1657]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">- -</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6FBBFAF8F952" box="[159,1396,1677,1700]" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6FBBFD4FF952" box="[159,707,1677,1700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aboral tentacles 1 3.1–4.2 3.3 ± 0.29</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046FBBFC85F952" box="[737,777,1677,1700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">15</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26FBBFBC9F952" box="[807,1093,1677,1700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.1–3.2 2.5 ± 0.24 15</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846FBBFAF8F952" box="[1121,1396,1677,1700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.34–1.45 Numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFCB76C4FF7A6F8EFAF8F90F" box="[159,1396,1720,1785]" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FF7A6F8EFD4FF90F" box="[159,707,1720,1785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hydranth 1 3.2–3.7 3.3 ± 0.18 Hydrocaulus 1 3.2–3.8 3.4 ± 0.28</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FD046F8EFC85F90F" box="[737,777,1720,1785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">7 6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FCC26F8EFBC9F90F" box="[807,1093,1720,1785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2.5–2.8 2.7 ± 0.15 7 2.5–2.8 2.6 ± 0.11 6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFCB76C4FB846F8EFAF8F90F" box="[1121,1396,1720,1785]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">1.28–1.31 Few 1.27–1.35 Numerous</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFCB892BFF236E7CFAFAFEF4" blockId="15.[151,1437,1866,2012]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,152,498]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFCB8934FF236E7CFE1DF892" bold="true" box="[198,401,1866,1892]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Additional data.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCB8934FE7D6E7CFDCDF892" author="Warren" box="[408,577,1866,1892]" pageId="15" pageNumber="22" refString="Warren, E. (1906) On Tubularia solitaria sp. nov., a hydroid from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 1, 83 - 96." type="journal article" year="1906">Warren (1906)</bibRefCitation>
described the development of a new hydranth from an adult hydrocaulus. Such regenerative potential under adverse conditions would be associated with additional nutrients stored in the hydrorhiza. 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFCB8934FEB66EACFC95F842" author="Migotto" box="[339,793,1946,1972]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Silveira, F. L. (1987) Hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) do litoral sudeste e sul do Brasil: Halocordylidae, Tubulariidae e Corymorphidae. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 66, 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1987">Migotto &amp; Silveira (1987: 106, fig. 4)</bibRefCitation>
also observed and figured the “budding of a new trophosome starting from a hydrocaulus of a well developed trophosome” (original text in Portuguese). We believe that these observations are correct because occasional growth of some new hydroids, budding off basally in the same hydrocaulus, were also observed by us. However, it is not clear if this is a result of aggregated settlement of actinulae or some kind of regenerative process (or asexual reproduction) of the polyps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD4892BFF236839FC43FEA4" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF236839FEAFFEDF" bold="true" box="[198,291,271,297]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Colour.</emphasis>
Tentacles, hypostome, and hydrocaulus translucent to white near most proximal part; hydranth base bright orange; cryptomedusoids milky white with reddish spadix.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF9535D0FFD4892BFF236869FB01F8DA" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD4892BFF236869FE2EFE04" blockId="16.[151,1436,152,498]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF236869FE85FE8F" bold="true" box="[198,265,351,377]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="6834D8F9FFD4892BFF236869FE8DFE8F" box="[198,257,351,377]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD4892BFEF16856FE3EFE8C" box="[276,434,352,378]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">South Africa</collectingCountry>
: St. James False Bay (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFD0B6856FCDDFE8C" box="[750,849,352,378]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-34.166668">34°10’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFCBA6856FC48FE8C" box="[863,964,352,378]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="18.5">18°30’E</geoCoordinate>
), 1912, several hydroids without gonophores, embedded in sponge; hydrocauli 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFD4892BFD9B68BEFC81FE54" box="[638,781,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="1.2">1.2–4.2 mm</quantity>
in length; hydranth 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFD4892BFC1A68BEFB01FE54" box="[1023,1165,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.7 mm</quantity>
in length, 0.4–1.0 mm in maximum diameter; aboral tentacles 1.2–2.0 mm in length, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFD4892BFC996886FB87FE3C" box="[892,1035,432,458]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
in maximum diameter, coll. K.H. Barnard, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFD4892BFEE168EEFECFFE04" box="[260,323,472,498]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SAM</collectionCode>
H–398.
</paragraph>
<caption id="E3F036D3FFD4892BFF726B11FF48FD72" ID-Table-UUID="E3F036D3FFD4892BFF726B11FF48FD72" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F036D3FFD4892BFF726B11FF48FD72" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[159,1350,677,1468]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD4892BFF726B11FF48FD72" blockId="16.[151,1436,551,644]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF726B11FE87FDC9" bold="true" box="[151,267,551,575]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">TABLE 7.</emphasis>
Comparisons of dimensions of desmoneme and basitrichous isorhiza nematocysts of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFB5F6B1EFAE1FDC9" box="[1210,1389,552,575]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFB5F6B1EFAE1FDC9" box="[1210,1389,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Zyzzyzus calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF726B7CFEC2FD97" box="[151,334,586,609]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF726B7CFEC2FD97" box="[151,334,586,609]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Zyzzyzus warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Data from the literature. Minimum and maximum values in bold and grey cells. All data in micrometers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD4892BFCB06B93FABEFA4A" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<table id="C58F94FBFFD476C4FF7A6B93FACAFA4A" box="[159,1350,677,1468]" gridcols="5" gridrows="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6B93FACAFD4A" box="[159,1350,677,700]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06B93FC2CFD4A" box="[853,928,677,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Length</th>
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6B93FB30FD4A" box="[1147,1212,677,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Width</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6BE6FACAFD11" box="[159,1350,720,743]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6BE6FD6BFD11" box="[159,743,720,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Desmonemes</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06BE6FC2CFD11" box="[853,928,720,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">min.</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6BE6FB91FD11" box="[1000,1053,720,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">max.</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6BE6FB30FD11" box="[1147,1212,720,743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">min.</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46BE6FACAFD11" box="[1297,1350,720,743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">max.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6BCCFACAFCE7" box="[159,1350,762,785]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6BCCFD6BFCE7" box="[159,743,762,785]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6BCCFD1BFCE7" authority="Petersen (1990)" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1990" box="[159,663,762,785]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6BCCFE8BFCE7" box="[159,263,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. calderi</emphasis>
Petersen (1990) (Bermuda)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06BCCFC2CFCE7" box="[853,928,762,785]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6BCCFB91FCE7" box="[1000,1053,762,785]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.2</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6BCCFB30FCE7" box="[1147,1212,762,785]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46BCCFACAFCE7" box="[1297,1350,762,785]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6A13FACAFCCA" box="[159,1350,805,828]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6A13FD6BFCCA" box="[159,743,805,828]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6A13FD1BFCCA" authority="Petersen (1990)" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1990" box="[159,663,805,828]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6A13FE83FCCA" box="[159,271,805,828]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
Petersen (1990) (Bermuda)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06A13FC2CFCCA" box="[853,928,805,828]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.5</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6A13FB91FCCA" box="[1000,1053,805,828]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6.3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6A13FB30FCCA" box="[1147,1212,805,828]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46A13FACAFCCA" box="[1297,1350,805,828]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6A66FACAFC91" box="[159,1350,848,871]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6A66FD6BFC91" box="[159,743,848,871]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6A66FD6BFC91" authority="Migotto &amp; Silveira (1987)" authorityName="Migotto &amp; Silveira" authorityYear="1987" box="[159,743,848,871]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6A66FE83FC91" box="[159,271,848,871]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
Migotto &amp; Silveira (1987) (Brazil)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06A66FC2CFC91" box="[853,928,848,871]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6A66FB91FC91" box="[1000,1053,848,871]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6A66FB30FC91" box="[1147,1212,848,871]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46A66FACAFC91" box="[1297,1350,848,871]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6A4CFACAFC67" box="[159,1350,890,913]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6A4CFD6BFC67" box="[159,743,890,913]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6A4CFE28FC67" authority="This" authorityName="This" box="[159,420,890,913]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6A4CFE83FC67" box="[159,271,890,913]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
This
</taxonomicName>
study (Brazil)
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06A4CFC2CFC67" box="[853,928,890,913]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6A4CFB91FC67" box="[1000,1053,890,913]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6A4CFB30FC67" box="[1147,1212,890,913]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.2</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46A4CFACAFC67" box="[1297,1350,890,913]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6A93FACAFC4A" box="[159,1350,933,956]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6A93FD6BFC4A" box="[159,743,933,956]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6A93FD9FFC4A" authority="Millard (1975)" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1975" box="[159,531,933,956]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6A93FE83FC4A" box="[159,271,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
Millard (1975)
</taxonomicName>
(South Africa)
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06A93FC2CFC4A" box="[853,928,933,956]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.5</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6A93FB91FC4A" box="[1000,1053,933,956]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6.3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6A93FB30FC4A" box="[1147,1212,933,956]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46A93FACAFC4A" box="[1297,1350,933,956]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6AE6FACAFC11" box="[159,1350,976,999]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6AE6FD6BFC11" box="[159,743,976,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6AE6FE28FC11" authority="This" authorityName="This" box="[159,420,976,999]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6AE6FE83FC11" box="[159,271,976,999]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
This
</taxonomicName>
study (South Africa)
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06AE6FC2CFC11" box="[853,928,976,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6AE6FB91FC11" box="[1000,1053,976,999]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6AE6FB30FC11" box="[1147,1212,976,999]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46AE6FACAFC11" box="[1297,1350,976,999]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6ACCFACAFBE7" box="[159,1350,1018,1041]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6ACCFD6BFBE7" box="[159,743,1018,1041]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6ACCFD08FBE7" authority="Calder (1988)" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[159,644,1018,1041]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6ACCFE83FBE7" box="[159,271,1018,1041]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
Calder (1988) (Bermuda)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06ACCFC2CFBE7" box="[853,928,1018,1041]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6ACCFB91FBE7" box="[1000,1053,1018,1041]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.2</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6ACCFB30FBE7" box="[1147,1212,1018,1041]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46ACCFACAFBE7" box="[1297,1350,1018,1041]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6D13FACAFBCA" box="[159,1350,1061,1084]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6D13FD6BFBCA" box="[159,743,1061,1084]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6D13FE28FBCA" authority="This" authorityName="This" box="[159,420,1061,1084]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6D13FE83FBCA" box="[159,271,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
This
</taxonomicName>
study (Bermuda)
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06D13FC2CFBCA" box="[853,928,1061,1084]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.1</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6D13FB91FBCA" box="[1000,1053,1061,1084]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.2</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6D13FB30FBCA" box="[1147,1212,1061,1084]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.1</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46D13FACAFBCA" box="[1297,1350,1061,1084]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6D66FACAFB91" box="[159,1350,1104,1127]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6D66FD6BFB91" box="[159,743,1104,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Basitrichous isorhizae</th>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6D4CFACAFB67" box="[159,1350,1146,1169]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6D4CFD6BFB67" box="[159,743,1146,1169]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6D4CFD1BFB67" authority="Petersen (1990)" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1990" box="[159,663,1146,1169]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6D4CFE8BFB67" box="[159,263,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. calderi</emphasis>
Petersen (1990) (Bermuda)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06D4CFC2CFB67" box="[853,928,1146,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6.4</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6D4CFB91FB67" box="[1000,1053,1146,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7.3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6D4CFB30FB67" box="[1147,1212,1146,1169]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.9</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46D4CFACAFB67" box="[1297,1350,1146,1169]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6D93FACAFB4A" box="[159,1350,1189,1212]" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6D93FD6BFB4A" box="[159,743,1189,1212]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6D93FD1BFB4A" authority="Petersen (1990)" authorityName="Petersen" authorityYear="1990" box="[159,663,1189,1212]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6D93FE83FB4A" box="[159,271,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
Petersen (1990) (Bermuda)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06D93FC2CFB4A" box="[853,928,1189,1212]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8.1</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6D93FB91FB4A" box="[1000,1053,1189,1212]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">9.0</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6D93FB30FB4A" box="[1147,1212,1189,1212]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46D93FACAFB4A" box="[1297,1350,1189,1212]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6DE6FACAFB11" box="[159,1350,1232,1255]" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6DE6FD6BFB11" box="[159,743,1232,1255]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6DE6FD6BFB11" authority="Migotto &amp; Silveira (1987)" authorityName="Migotto &amp; Silveira" authorityYear="1987" box="[159,743,1232,1255]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6DE6FE83FB11" box="[159,271,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
Migotto &amp; Silveira (1987) (Brazil)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06DE6FC2CFB11" box="[853,928,1232,1255]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6DE6FB91FB11" box="[1000,1053,1232,1255]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7.9</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6DE6FB30FB11" box="[1147,1212,1232,1255]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46DE6FACAFB11" box="[1297,1350,1232,1255]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">4.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6DCCFACAFAE7" box="[159,1350,1274,1297]" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6DCCFD6BFAE7" box="[159,743,1274,1297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6DCCFE28FAE7" authority="This" authorityName="This" box="[159,420,1274,1297]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6DCCFE83FAE7" box="[159,271,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
This
</taxonomicName>
study (Brazil)
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06DCCFC2CFAE7" box="[853,928,1274,1297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6DCCFB91FAE7" box="[1000,1053,1274,1297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6DCCFB30FAE7" box="[1147,1212,1274,1297]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.5</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46DCCFACAFAE7" box="[1297,1350,1274,1297]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6C13FACAFACA" box="[159,1350,1317,1340]" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6C13FD6BFACA" box="[159,743,1317,1340]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6C13FD9FFACA" authority="Millard (1975)" authorityName="Millard" authorityYear="1975" box="[159,531,1317,1340]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6C13FE83FACA" box="[159,271,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
Millard (1975)
</taxonomicName>
(South Africa)
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06C13FC2CFACA" box="[853,928,1317,1340]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8.1</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6C13FB91FACA" box="[1000,1053,1317,1340]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">9.0</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6C13FB30FACA" box="[1147,1212,1317,1340]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46C13FACAFACA" box="[1297,1350,1317,1340]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6C66FACAFA91" box="[159,1350,1360,1383]" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6C66FD6BFA91" box="[159,743,1360,1383]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6C66FE28FA91" authority="This" authorityName="This" box="[159,420,1360,1383]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6C66FE83FA91" box="[159,271,1360,1383]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
This
</taxonomicName>
study (South Africa)
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06C66FC2CFA91" box="[853,928,1360,1383]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6C66FB91FA91" box="[1000,1053,1360,1383]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7.6</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6C66FB30FA91" box="[1147,1212,1360,1383]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46C66FACAFA91" box="[1297,1350,1360,1383]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">3.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6C4CFACAFA67" box="[159,1350,1402,1425]" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6C4CFD6BFA67" box="[159,743,1402,1425]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6C4CFD08FA67" authority="Calder (1988)" authorityName="Calder" authorityYear="1988" box="[159,644,1402,1425]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6C4CFE83FA67" box="[159,271,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
Calder (1988) (Bermuda)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06C4CFC2CFA67" box="[853,928,1402,1425]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">6.4</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6C4CFB91FA67" box="[1000,1053,1402,1425]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">7.3</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6C4CFB30FA67" box="[1147,1212,1402,1425]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.9</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46C4CFACAFA67" box="[1297,1350,1402,1425]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09BF6419FFD476C4FF7A6C93FACAFA4A" box="[159,1350,1445,1468]" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FF7A6C93FD6BFA4A" box="[159,743,1445,1468]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFF7A6C93FE28FA4A" authority="This" authorityName="This" box="[159,420,1445,1468]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF7A6C93FE83FA4A" box="[159,271,1445,1468]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
This
</taxonomicName>
study (Bermuda)
</th>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FCB06C93FC2CFA4A" box="[853,928,1445,1468]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">5.7</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FC0D6C93FB91FA4A" box="[1000,1053,1445,1468]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">8.1</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FB9E6C93FB30FA4A" box="[1147,1212,1445,1468]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">1.8</td>
<td id="4A6E0D65FFD476C4FAF46C93FACAFA4A" box="[1297,1350,1445,1468]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">2.7</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD4892BFF236CCCFB01F8DA" blockId="16.[151,1437,1530,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF236CCCFC7DF9E2" bold="true" box="[198,1009,1530,1556]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Additional material assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFD836CCCFD65F9E2" box="[614,745,1530,1556]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFD836CCCFD65F9E2" bold="true" box="[614,745,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[not studied by us].
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD4892BFC196CCCFBCFF9E2" box="[1020,1091,1530,1556]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
: Sagami Bay, hydroids with gonophores, Hydr. 3304–3329 (Hirohito 1988). 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD4892BFD3C6F14FCA9F9CA" box="[729,805,1570,1596]" name="Brazil" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
: Pernambuco state, hydroids collected along a mangrove swamp on the rivers Porto Alegre and Ariquindá, deposited at 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFD4892BFC326F7CFB96F992" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" box="[983,1050,1610,1636]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">ROM</collectionCode>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD4892BFBCE6F7CFAB5F992" author="Calder" box="[1067,1337,1610,1636]" pageId="16" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Mayal, E. M. (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 323, 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder &amp; Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD4892BFAAA6F7CFF5FF97A" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
: La Parguera, 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFD4892BFE626F44FE30F97A" box="[391,444,1650,1676]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
, hydroids with gonophores, on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFCA66F45FC2CF97A" box="[835,928,1651,1676]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFCA66F45FC2CF97A" box="[835,928,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Tedania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFBDD6F45FB4DF97A" box="[1080,1217,1651,1676]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Rhizophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFBDD6F45FB4DF97A" box="[1080,1217,1651,1676]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Rhizophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. roots, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFD4892BFAA26F44FA10F97A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1351,1436,1650,1676]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USNM</collectionCode>
60726, (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD4892BFF136FACFD85F942" author="Wedler" box="[246,521,1690,1716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" refString="Wedler, E. &amp; Larson, R. (1986) Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 21 (1 - 2), 69 - 101." type="journal article" year="1986">Wedler &amp; Larson 1986</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD4892BFDF86FACFD35F942" box="[541,697,1690,1716]" name="South Africa" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">South Africa</collectingCountry>
: Oudekraal (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFCA86FACFC48F942" box="[845,964,1690,1716]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="-33.975">33º58.5’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFC356FACFBC5F942" box="[976,1097,1690,1716]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="18.37">18º22.2’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFD4892BFBBB6FACFB7BF942" box="[1118,1271,1690,1716]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1934-03-15">15 Mar 1934</date>
, west coast of Cape Peninsula, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFD4892BFE846FF4FE2DF92A" box="[353,417,1730,1756]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SAM</collectionCode>
A–122; west coast of Langebaan Lagoon (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFC4B6FF4FBA8F92A" box="[942,1060,1730,1756]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="-33.15">33º09.0’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFBD16FF4FB21F92A" box="[1076,1197,1730,1756]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="18.056667">18º03.4’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFD4892BFB216FF4FAD9F92A" box="[1220,1365,1730,1756]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1946-07-15">15 Jul 1946</date>
, 7 m, coll. Day, 1959, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFD4892BFEB26FDCFE1BF8F2" box="[343,407,1770,1796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SAM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFD4892BFE7B6FDCFE49F8F2" box="[414,453,1770,1796]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">LB</collectionCode>
–166; west coast of Saldanha Bay (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFCB86FDCFC58F8F2" box="[861,980,1770,1796]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="92" value="-33.041668">33º02.5’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFC056FDCFBCFF8F2" box="[992,1091,1770,1796]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="18.033333">18º02’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFD4892BFBB26FDCFB4BF8F2" box="[1111,1223,1770,1796]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1957-09">Sep 1957</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFD4892BFB366FDCFA9FF8F2" box="[1235,1299,1770,1796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SAM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFD4892BFAFC6FDCFAB0F8F2" box="[1305,1340,1770,1796]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SB</collectionCode>
–153 U; south coast of East London (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFE036E24FDCAF8DA" box="[486,582,1810,1836]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="-33.016666">33º01’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD4892BFDB66E24FD3AF8DA" box="[595,694,1810,1836]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="925" value="27.9">27º54’E</geoCoordinate>
), 
<date id="C331409BFFD4892BFD2E6E24FCBDF8DA" box="[715,817,1810,1836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1937-07">Jul 1937</date>
, 
<collectionCode id="D19EFE9EFFD4892BFCDB6E24FCF2F8DA" box="[830,894,1810,1836]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mhew-9czz" name="South African Museum" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">SAM</collectionCode>
L–172 (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD4892BFC056E24FB0CF8DA" author="Millard" box="[992,1152,1810,1836]" pageId="16" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1966) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part III, The Gymnoblastea and small families of Calyptoblastea. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (18), 427 - 487." type="journal article" year="1966">Millard 1966</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF9535D0FFD48929FF236E0CFA88FD9C" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD4892BFF236E0CFE13F802" blockId="16.[151,1437,1530,2036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFF236E0CFECCF8A2" bold="true" box="[198,320,1850,1876]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Remarks.</emphasis>
The diagnostic characters for this species are the two different classes of homotrichous microbasic euryteles, the presence of merotrichous isorhizae (though this character is uncertain for 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFAC66E55FF4CF852" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floridanus">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFAC66E55FF4CF852" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. floridanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the scarcity of fertile material); male and female gonophores present on different blastostyles (again inconclusive for 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD4892BFE4E6E85FDCEF83A" box="[427,578,1971,1996]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floridanus">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD4892BFE4E6E85FDCEF83A" box="[427,578,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Z. floridanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the scarcity of fertile material), and the distal end of the gonophore with four crests.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD5892AFF2069AEFE4BFEA4" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The cnidome as described herein differs from previous accounts by 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFC1B69AEFB24FF44" author="Calder" box="[1022,1192,152,178]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder (1988)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFB5269AEFF64FF2C" author="Migotto" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Silveira, F. L. (1987) Hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) do litoral sudeste e sul do Brasil: Halocordylidae, Tubulariidae e Corymorphidae. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 66, 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1987">Migotto &amp; Silveira (1987)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFEC069F6FE5AFF2C" author="Millard" box="[293,470,192,218]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard (1975)</bibRefCitation>
, who did not report heterotrichous microbasic euryteles, homotrichous microbasic euryteles [probably referred by 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFDFA69DEFD44FEF4" author="Calder" box="[543,712,232,258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder (1988)</bibRefCitation>
as “?mastigophore”] and merotrichous isorhizae [probably referred by 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFEC16826FE46FEDC" author="Calder" box="[292,458,272,298]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder (1988)</bibRefCitation>
as “ovate isorhiza”]. Access to large quantities of polyps during this study likely favoured our conclusions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD5892AFF206856FD56FDEC" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Our observations on 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFE5E6856FDBAFE8F" box="[443,566,352,377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFE5E6856FDBAFE8F" box="[443,566,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
corroborate most of previous reports regarding a single whorl of oral tentacles, morphology of oral and aboral tentacles, place and structure of perisarc secretion, number of blastostyles, and morphology of gonophores. However, some important differences were also noted, such as number of tentacles, internal and external morphology of the hydrocaulus, structure of blastostyles, and nematocyst composition. We discuss these differences below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD5892AFF206B1EFAF4FCFC" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Reports on the numbers of oral and aboral tentacles have been quite variable: 16–21 oral, 16–21 aboral (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFF7B6B66FEB1FD9C" author="Warren" box="[158,317,592,618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Warren, E. (1906) On Tubularia solitaria sp. nov., a hydroid from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 1, 83 - 96." type="journal article" year="1906">Warren 1906</bibRefCitation>
); 16–21 oral, 15–34 aboral (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFD6E6B66FCA0FD9C" author="Millard" box="[651,812,592,618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
); 16–20 oral, 18–25 aboral (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFB9F6B66FA03FD9C" author="Wedler" box="[1146,1423,592,618]" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Wedler, E. &amp; Larson, R. (1986) Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 21 (1 - 2), 69 - 101." type="journal article" year="1986">Wedler &amp; Larson 1986</bibRefCitation>
); 12 oral and 24 aboral (Hirohito 1988); 15–20 oral, 22–25 aboral (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFC5C6B4EFBDFFD64" author="Calder" box="[953,1107,632,658]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
); 15–21 oral, 15–34 aboral (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFF7B6B96FEC7FD4C" author="Petersen" box="[158,331,672,698]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990</bibRefCitation>
). However, hydranths of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFD9D6B96FD78FD4F" box="[632,756,672,697]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFD9D6B96FD78FD4F" box="[632,756,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may develop new tentacles during ontogeny (pers. obs.), and such differences likely reflect tentacle counts that were made on different developmental stages of preserved materials. This also explains the different morphometric values given in 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFBD96BC6FAF8FCFC" author="Migotto" box="[1084,1396,752,778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Silveira, F. L. (1987) Hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) do litoral sudeste e sul do Brasil: Halocordylidae, Tubulariidae e Corymorphidae. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 66, 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1987">Migotto &amp; Silveira (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD5892AFF206A2EFEDDFB84" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFF206A2EFEF2FCC4" author="Petersen" box="[197,382,792,818]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen (1990)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFE1B6A2EFDFDFCC7" box="[510,625,792,817]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFE1B6A2EFDFDFCC7" box="[510,625,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on part of the material ROMIZ B370, previously described as 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFF726A76FE98FCAF" box="[151,276,832,857]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFF726A76FE98FCAF" box="[151,276,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFEA36A76FE61FCAC" author="Calder" box="[326,493,832,858]" pageId="17" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder (1988)</bibRefCitation>
from the 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD5892AFD8D6A76FD5BFCAC" box="[616,727,832,858]" name="Bermuda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFD006A76FC52FCAC" author="Petersen" box="[741,990,832,858]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen (1990: 181)</bibRefCitation>
justified the new species based on a series of characters, 
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFE756A5EFE34FC77" box="[400,440,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">viz.</emphasis>
“the extreme relative length of the neck region, the lower number of endodermal canals, the shape of the hydrocaulus, and the hydrorhiza which in 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFC506AA6FBA5FC5F" box="[949,1065,912,937]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFC506AA6FBA5FC5F" box="[949,1065,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of two to three small, club-shaped tubers with finger-like distal processes; the hydrorhiza in 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFC316A8EFBDCFC27" box="[980,1104,952,977]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFC316A8EFBDCFC27" box="[980,1104,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consists of large, flesh storage tubers and thin supporting rootlets. Desmonemes in 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFCC96AD6FC12FC0F" box="[812,926,992,1017]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFCC96AD6FC12FC0F" box="[812,926,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
measure 3.7 x 2.8–4.2 x 2.9 μm, in 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFAA06AD6FF48FBD7" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFAA06AD6FF48FBD7" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
4.5 x 3.6–6.3 x 3.6 μm, and the isorhizas in 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFD2C6D3EFCB6FBD7" box="[713,826,1032,1057]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFD2C6D3EFCB6FBD7" box="[713,826,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
measure 6.4 x 1.9–7.3 x 2.1 μm, those of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFAC76D3EFA10FBD7" box="[1314,1436,1032,1057]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFAC76D3EFA10FBD7" box="[1314,1436,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
measure 8.1 x 3.6–9.0 x 3.6 μm.” However, as seen in 
<tableCitation id="FA0D53E0FFD5892AFCF66D06FCE0FBBC" box="[787,876,1072,1098]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="16.[151,239,551,575]" captionTargetBox="[159,1350,677,1468]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 7. Comparisons of dimensions of desmoneme and basitrichous isorhiza nematocysts of Zyzzyzus calderi and Zyzzyzus warreni. Data from the literature. Minimum and maximum values in bold and grey cells. All data in micrometers." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F036D3FFD4892BFF726B11FF48FD72" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="E3F036D3FFD4892BFF726B11FF48FD72">Table 7</tableCitation>
, the nematocysts of the two species have different proportions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD5892AFF206DB6FA9BFACC" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Although Petersen did not provide morphometric values to document the “extreme relative length of the neck region”, he described the “neck region [of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFD296D9EFCB2FB37" box="[716,830,1192,1217]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFD296D9EFCB2FB37" box="[716,830,1192,1217]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] long and slim, four to five times as long as hydrocaulus proper” (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFEB56DE6FDB9FB1C" author="Petersen" box="[336,565,1232,1258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990: 180</bibRefCitation>
). Meanwhile, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFD3E6DE6FC41FB1C" author="Petersen" box="[731,973,1232,1258]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen (1990: 182)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFBAE6DE6FB49FB1F" box="[1099,1221,1232,1257]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFBAE6DE6FB49FB1F" box="[1099,1221,1232,1257]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with “neck region nearly as long as hydrocaulus proper”. However, we maintain that there is no clear morphological differentiation between distal and median regions of the hydrocaulus (see discussion of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFBC46C16FB34FACF" box="[1057,1208,1312,1337]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="floridanus">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFBC46C16FB34FACF" box="[1057,1208,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. floridanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
above).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD5892AFF206C7EFBC5F98C" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The existence of “about 16 longitudinal canals of equal size” (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFC4E6C7EFAC4FA97" author="Petersen" box="[939,1352,1352,1378]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">
Petersen 1990: 182, for 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFB296C7EFAC4FA97" box="[1228,1352,1352,1377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFB296C7EFAC4FA97" box="[1228,1352,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</bibRefCitation>
) is not corroborated by our observations, although the reported number is quite varied (“about 16” for 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFB1F6C46FA1BFA7C" author="Millard" box="[1274,1431,1392,1418]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
; “about ten” for Hirohito 1985). We counted numbers of canals in living polyps and measured histological cross sections at proximal, median, and distal parts of the hydrocaulus. Our results clearly show that canals are open distally, totally closed proximally, and have several anastomoses along the hydrocaulus; moreover, some canals are wider than others and are present in varied numbers (7–10). Combining our data with literature reports, we conclude that the number of canals varies, from 7 (in Brazilian specimens) to 16 (in South African specimens). The proposed diagnostic feature of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFD2C6F56FCB7F98F" box="[713,827,1632,1657]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFD2C6F56FCB7F98F" box="[713,827,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
falls within this range.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD5892AFF206FBEFD32F8EC" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The supposed differences in dimensions of desmoneme and basitrichous isorhiza nematocysts are not upheld in a broader, non-regional analysis. Pooling data from various regions (
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD5892AFBAC6F86FB6BF93C" box="[1097,1255,1712,1738]" name="South Africa" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD5892AFB106F86FAE8F93C" box="[1269,1380,1712,1738]" name="Bermuda" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD5892AFF726FEEFF6EF904" box="[151,226,1752,1778]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, see 
<tableCitation id="FA0D53E0FFD5892AFEFC6FEEFEFCF904" box="[281,368,1752,1778]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1396,247,567]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of measurements of morphological characters of Zyzzyzus warreni, in paratypes from South Africa and specimens from Bermuda and Brazil." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E3F036D3FFCA8935FF7269A1FD11FF23" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="E3F036D3FFCA8935FF7269A1FD11FF23">Table 5</tableCitation>
), the “gap” between the putative species disappeared and the conclusion of 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFB016FEEFA10F904" author="Petersen" box="[1252,1436,1752,1778]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen (1990)</bibRefCitation>
of differences between them is no longer valid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD58929FF206E1EFAEAFEF4" blockId="17.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,152,1978]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFF206E1EFE36F8B4" author="Petersen" box="[197,442,1832,1858]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen (1990: 181)</bibRefCitation>
described the hydrorhiza of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFCEE6E1EFCF1F8B7" box="[779,893,1832,1857]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFCEE6E1EFCF1F8B7" box="[779,893,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “consisting of one to three short, finger- or club-shaped tubers which may split up into finger shaped processes” and that of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD5892AFB826E66FB68F89F" box="[1127,1252,1872,1897]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD5892AFB826E66FB68F89F" box="[1127,1252,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as “hydrorhiza developed as slender rootlets and swollen tubers of varying size and shape” (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFBA76E4EFAA3F864" author="Petersen" box="[1090,1327,1912,1938]" pageId="17" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990: 182</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD5892AFAA36E4EFE98F84C" author="Warren" pageId="17" pageNumber="22" refString="Warren, E. (1906) On Tubularia solitaria sp. nov., a hydroid from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 1, 83 - 96." type="journal article" year="1906">Warren (1906: 85)</bibRefCitation>
was the first to describe “branches of two kinds: thin rootlets…and thickened fleshy structures”, also observed by Hirohito (1988: 24) (“tuberous root of sweet potatoes in shape, branched or not branched, usually producing several slender processes”). We believe that the morphology of the hydrorhiza should be adopted carefully as a diagnostic character, as it is variable and dependent on the substratum 
<typeStatus id="6834D8F9FFD68929FAEE69F6FAB1FF2C" box="[1291,1341,192,218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
or host structure. We are convinced that this character is not reliable in describing new species within this genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD68929FF206826FA88FD9C" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Conspicuous reproductive characters that might differentiate 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FC746826FB87FEDF" box="[913,1035,272,297]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FC746826FB87FEDF" box="[913,1035,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FBB76826FB48FEDF" box="[1106,1220,272,297]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FBB76826FB48FEDF" box="[1106,1220,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not listed by 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FF72680EFEDAFEA4" author="Petersen" box="[151,342,312,338]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen (1990)</bibRefCitation>
. He (page 181) described the gonophores of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FC9D680EFC61FEA7" box="[888,1005,312,337]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FC9D680EFC61FEA7" box="[888,1005,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as follows: “gonophores developed […] male and females on same blastostyle” and those of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FCAE6856FC44FE8F" box="[843,968,352,377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FCAE6856FC44FE8F" box="[843,968,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as: “male and female gonophores produced by same hydroid on separate blastostyles” (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FD3A68BEFC4AFE54" author="Petersen" box="[735,966,392,418]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990: 182</bibRefCitation>
). However, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FBB668BEFAAFFE54" author="Calder" box="[1107,1315,392,418]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder (1988: 50)</bibRefCitation>
described the same materials as “in examined specimens, gonophores incompletely developed”, as represented in his figure 39. Although we could confirm the information for 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FCB168EEFC5CFE07" box="[852,976,472,497]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FCB168EEFC5CFE07" box="[852,976,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we did not check the only specimens assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FEC26B36FE17FDEF" box="[295,411,512,537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FEC26B36FE17FDEF" box="[295,411,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Attempts were made by D.R. Calder to locate the 
<typeStatus id="6834D8F9FFD68929FBF56B36FBCEFDEC" box="[1040,1090,512,538]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
material of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FB3F6B36FAC3FDEF" box="[1242,1359,512,537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FB3F6B36FAC3FDEF" box="[1242,1359,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the ROM, without success. For these reasons, we regard 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FCE06B1EFCFBFDB7" box="[773,887,552,577]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="calderi">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FCE06B1EFCFBFDB7" box="[773,887,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. calderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FB746B1EFA87FDB7" box="[1169,1291,552,577]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FB746B1EFA87FDB7" box="[1169,1291,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. More studies on material from other regions is needed to enhance the knowledge of this genus and species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF9535D0FFD68929FF236B41FA86F93C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD68929FF236B41FE55FAE4" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FF236B41FEEBFD67" bold="true" box="[198,359,631,657]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</emphasis>
Northwestern Atlantic: 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FD6F6B4EFC96FD64" box="[650,794,632,658]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, La Parguera (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FC296B4EFBB8FD64" box="[972,1076,632,658]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="17.833334">17°50’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FBA66B4EFB3CFD64" box="[1091,1200,632,658]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-67.03333">67°02’W</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FB2F6B4EFF5AFD4C" author="Wedler" pageId="18" pageNumber="22" refString="Wedler, E. &amp; Larson, R. (1986) Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 21 (1 - 2), 69 - 101." type="journal article" year="1986">Wedler &amp; Larson 1986</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FF116B96FEEEFD4C" box="[244,354,672,698]" name="Bermuda" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
, Castle Grotto, Castle Harbour (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FCA66B96FC27FD4C" box="[835,939,672,698]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="32.35">32°21’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FC246B96FBBEFD4C" box="[961,1074,672,698]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-64.7">64°42’W</geoCoordinate>
); Flatt’s Inlet (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FACA6B96FA1BFD4C" box="[1327,1431,672,698]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="32.316666">32°19’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FF726BFEFEA2FD14" box="[151,302,712,738]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="15" value="-64.74166">64°44’30”W</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FEA86BFEFE64FD14" author="Calder" box="[333,488,712,738]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder 1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FE1E6BFEFDB6FD14" author="Calder" box="[507,570,712,738]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1993) Local distribution and biogeography of the hydroids (Cnidaria) of Bermuda. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29 (1 - 2), 61 - 74." type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
); Harrington Sound (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FC926BFEFC53FD14" box="[887,991,712,738]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="32.333332">32°20’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FC176BFEFBEEFD14" box="[1010,1122,712,738]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-64.73333">64°44’W</geoCoordinate>
). 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FB9B6BFEFB40FD14" box="[1150,1228,712,738]" name="Belize" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Belize</collectingCountry>
, Twin Cays (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FF726BC6FF72FCFC" box="[151,254,752,778]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="17.483334">17°29’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FEEA6BC6FEF7FCFC" box="[271,379,752,778]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-88.166664">88°10’W</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FE7D6BC6FDBFFCFC" author="Calder" box="[408,563,752,778]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1991) Associations between hydroid species assemblages and substrate types in the mangal at Twin Cays, Belize. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 2067 - 2074." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder 1991</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FDA96BC6FCC9FCFC" box="[588,837,752,778]" name="Curaçao" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Netherlands Antilles</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FCB06BC6FC3BFCFC" box="[853,951,752,778]" name="Curaçao" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
(ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FC1C6BC6FBECFCFC" box="[1017,1120,752,778]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="12.166667">12°10’N</geoCoordinate>
, 69°W) (de 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FB186BC6FA03FCFC" author="Kruijf" box="[1277,1423,752,778]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="de Kruijf, H. A. M. (1977) Bursting pacemaker activity in the solitary hydroid Tubularia solitaria. Journal of Experimental Biology, 68, 19 - 34." type="journal article" year="1977">Kruijf 1977</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FF726A2EFE82FCC4" box="[151,270,792,818]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Santa 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FE826A2EFE21FCC4" box="[359,429,792,818]" name="Malta" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Marta</collectingCountry>
(ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FE096A2EFDDFFCC4" box="[492,595,792,818]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="11.3">11°18’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FD876A2EFD43FCC4" box="[610,719,792,818]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-74.166664">74°10’W</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FD0F6A2EFB8BFCC4" author="Bandel" box="[746,1031,792,818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Bandel, K. &amp; Wedler, E. (1987) Hydroid, amphineuran and gastropod zonation in the littoral of the Caribbean Sea, Colombia. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 19 (1 - 2), 1 - 129." type="journal article" year="1987">Bandel &amp; Wedler 1987</bibRefCitation>
). Eastern Atlantic: (?) 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FAE86A2EFA10FCC4" box="[1293,1436,792,818]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
Archipelago, 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FEDF6A76FE46FCAC" box="[314,458,832,858]" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">São Vicente</collectingCountry>
(ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FDEF6A76FDFEFCAC" box="[522,626,832,858]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="16.9">16°54’N</geoCoordinate>
, 25°W) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FD066A76FB80FCAC" author="Rees" box="[739,1036,832,858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Rees, W. J. &amp; Thursfield, S. (1965) The hydroid collections of James Ritchie. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Biology, 69 (2), 34 - 43." type="journal article" year="1965">Rees &amp; Thursfield 1965</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FBF96A76FB37FCAC" author="Watson" box="[1052,1211,832,858]" pageId="18" pageNumber="22" refString="Watson, J. E. (1978) New species and new records of Australian athecate hydroids. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 90 (2), 301 - 314." type="journal article" year="1978">Watson 1978</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FB2F6A76FF5AFC74" author="Wedler" pageId="18" pageNumber="22" refString="Wedler, E. &amp; Larson, R. (1986) Athecate hydroids from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 21 (1 - 2), 69 - 101." type="journal article" year="1986">Wedler &amp; Larson 1986</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FF0C6A5EFEC8FC74" box="[233,324,872,898]" name="Nigeria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
, Bonny Town jetty, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FD626A5EFD46FC74" box="[647,714,872,898]" name="Niger" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Niger</collectingCountry>
delta (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FCA76A5EFC17FC74" box="[834,923,872,898]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="4.4166665">4°25’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FC436A5EFC76FC74" box="[934,1018,872,898]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="7.1666665">7°10’E</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FBF76A5EFB31FC74" author="Petersen" box="[1042,1213,872,898]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Petersen, K. W. (1990) Evolution and taxonomy in capitate hydroids and medusae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 100, 1 - 231." type="journal article" year="1990">Petersen 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Southwest Atlantic: 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FF226AA6FE9DFC5C" box="[199,273,912,938]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, São Paulo state, São Sebastião Channel (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FCF36AA6FC28FC5C" box="[790,932,912,938]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="15" value="-23.828335">23°49’42”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FC516AA6FBC7FC5C" box="[948,1099,912,938]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="15" value="-45.421112">45°25’16”W</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FB826AA6FA1BFC5C" author="Migotto" box="[1127,1431,912,938]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Silveira, F. L. (1987) Hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) do litoral sudeste e sul do Brasil: Halocordylidae, Tubulariidae e Corymorphidae. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 66, 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1987">Migotto &amp; Silveira 1987</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FF726A8EFEB3FC24" author="Migotto" box="[151,319,952,978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
); Pernambuco state, Porto Alegre and Ariquindá delta rivers (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FBBA6A8EFB61FC24" box="[1119,1261,952,978]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="15" value="-8.722221">08°43’20”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FB196A8EFA1FFC24" box="[1276,1427,952,978]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="15" value="-35.105553">35°06’20”W</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FF7A6AD6FE25FC0C" author="Calder" box="[159,425,992,1018]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. &amp; Mayal, E. M. (1998) Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 323, 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1998">Calder &amp; Maÿal 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Southwest Atlantic: off 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FD3F6AD6FCF8FC0C" box="[730,884,992,1018]" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, False Bay (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FBD66AD6FB1AFC0C" box="[1075,1174,992,1018]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-34.166668">34°10’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FB466AD6FA84FC0C" box="[1187,1288,992,1018]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="18.5">18°30’E</geoCoordinate>
); Strandfontein (ca. 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FEE46D3EFEE8FBD4" box="[257,356,1032,1058]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-34.166668">34°10’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FE966D3EFE5AFBD4" box="[371,470,1032,1058]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="18.833334">18°50’E</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FE156D3EFD1FFBD4" author="Millard" box="[496,659,1032,1058]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1957) The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 41, 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard 1957</bibRefCitation>
); Cape Peninsula, Oudekraal (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FBE56D3EFBF6FBD4" box="[1024,1146,1032,1058]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="92" value="-33.975">33°58,5’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FB6C6D3EFA8FFBD4" box="[1161,1283,1032,1058]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="92" value="18.37">18°22,2’E</geoCoordinate>
), Langebaan Lagoon (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FEE46D06FEE9FBBC" box="[257,357,1072,1098]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-33.15">33°09’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FE946D06FE60FBBC" box="[369,492,1072,1098]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="92" value="18.056667">18°03,4’E</geoCoordinate>
), Saldanha Bay (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FD536D06FCA3FBBC" box="[694,815,1072,1098]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="92" value="-33.041668">33°02.5’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FCD96D06FC13FBBC" box="[828,927,1072,1098]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="18.033333">18°02’E</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FC526D06FBD4FBBC" author="Millard" box="[951,1112,1072,1098]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1966) The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part III, The Gymnoblastea and small families of Calyptoblastea. Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (18), 427 - 487." type="journal article" year="1966">Millard 1966</bibRefCitation>
). Western Indian: off 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FAB26D06FF6EFB84" name="South Africa" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Africa</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FEEA6D6EFE26FB84" box="[271,426,1112,1138]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
(21°S, 35°E; 25°S, 32ºE; 29°S, 31°E; 30°S, 30°E; 33°S, 27°E; 34°S, 18°E; 33°S, 18°E) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FF0E6DB6FE00FB6C" author="Millard" box="[235,396,1152,1178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
); East London (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FDAF6DB6FD21FB6C" box="[586,685,1152,1178]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-33.016666">33°01’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FD5F6DB6FC91FB6C" box="[698,797,1152,1178]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="27.9">27°54’E</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FCD36DB6FC5BFB6C" author="Millard" box="[822,983,1152,1178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
); Tongaat, Isipingo, Park Rynie (30ºS, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FF726D9EFF75FB34" box="[151,249,1192,1218]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="30.966667">30°58’E</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FEF06D9EFE3AFB34" author="Warren" box="[277,438,1192,1218]" pageId="18" pageNumber="22" refString="Warren, E. (1908) On a collection of hydroids, mostly from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 1, 269 - 355." type="journal article" year="1908">Warren 1908</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FE286D9EFDE7FB34" box="[461,619,1192,1218]" name="Mozambique" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
, Inhaca Island, Cabo da Inhaca (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FC1E6D9EFBD3FB34" box="[1019,1119,1192,1218]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-25.966667">25°58’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FB8B6D9EFB5FFB34" box="[1134,1235,1192,1218]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="32.983334">32°59’E</geoCoordinate>
), Santa Carolina Island (
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FF116DE6FEDBFB1C" box="[244,343,1232,1258]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="-21.616667">21°37’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FE8C6DE6FE47FB1C" box="[361,459,1232,1258]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="35.333332">35°20’E</geoCoordinate>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FE0D6DE6FCAFFB1C" author="Millard" box="[488,803,1232,1258]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. &amp; Bouillon, J. (1974) A collection of hydroids from Mocambique, East Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 65 (1), 1 - 40." type="journal article" year="1974">Millard &amp; Bouillon 1974</bibRefCitation>
). Northwest Pacific: 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FBCC6DE6FBE3FB1C" box="[1065,1135,1232,1258]" name="Japan" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Sagami Bay (ca. 35°N, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BB009CFFD68929FF726DCEFE84FAE4" box="[151,264,1272,1298]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="925" value="139.5">139°30’E</geoCoordinate>
) (Hirohito 1988).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD68929FF236C29FA86F93C" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FF236C29FEA3FACF" bold="true" box="[198,303,1311,1337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecology.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FEDC6C16FDD0FACF" box="[313,604,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Substratum.— 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FE046C16FDD0FACF" box="[481,604,1312,1337]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">Z. warreni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has been described for many years as living in exclusive association with sponges (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FEAB6C7EFE7FFA94" author="Millard" box="[334,499,1352,1378]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1975) Monograph on the Hydroida of southern Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 68, 1 - 513." type="journal article" year="1975">Millard 1975</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FDE26C7EFCCEFA94" author="Migotto" box="[519,834,1352,1378]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. &amp; Silveira, F. L. (1987) Hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) do litoral sudeste e sul do Brasil: Halocordylidae, Tubulariidae e Corymorphidae. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 66, 95 - 115." type="journal article" year="1987">Migotto &amp; Silveira 1987</bibRefCitation>
). In his original description, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FB536C7EFA10FA94" author="Warren" box="[1206,1436,1352,1378]" pageId="18" pageNumber="22" refString="Warren, E. (1906) On Tubularia solitaria sp. nov., a hydroid from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum, 1, 83 - 96." type="journal article" year="1906">Warren (1906: 83)</bibRefCitation>
observed 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FEEC6C46FE09FA7F" box="[265,389,1392,1417]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FEEC6C46FE09FA7F" box="[265,389,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“on a certain siliceous dark maroon coloured sponge and on a siliceous sponge”. 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FAAB6C46FE98FA44" author="Calder" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder (1988: 50)</bibRefCitation>
had observed polyps “usually, but not exclusively, epizoic in sponges […] few specimens were found attached to the hydrocaulus of the hydroid 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FCE46CF6FB89FA2F" box="[769,1029,1472,1497]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Eudendriidae" genus="Eudendrium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="carneum">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FCE46CF6FB89FA2F" box="[769,1029,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Eudendrium carneum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” from 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FB816CF6FB5EFA2C" box="[1124,1234,1472,1498]" name="Bermuda" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
, and subsequent authors (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FF1A6CDEFE2BF9F4" author="Migotto" box="[255,423,1512,1538]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1996) Benthic shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the coast of Sao Sebastiao, Brazil, including a checklist of Brazilian hydroids. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden, 306, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1996">Migotto 1996</bibRefCitation>
, Marques &amp; Migotto 2001) also considered the association between 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FB0F6CDEFAEBF9F7" box="[1258,1383,1512,1537]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FB0F6CDEFAEBF9F7" box="[1258,1383,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and sponges as not obligatory. We have made experiments with actinula settlement (data to be published elsewhere) and found that substratum may also influence on the morphology of the hydrorhizal anchoring processes. This observation has implications for the taxonomy of the genus. Polyps living on algae develop anchoring processes arising at median parts of the hydrocaulus, while polyps living on other cnidarians or sponges develop mucous adherent substances and morphologically simple hydrorhizal processes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FF9535D0FFD68928FF236FEEFCF3FE54" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD68929FF236FEEFF4EF84C" blockId="18.[151,1437,152,1978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FF236FEEFEDFF907" box="[198,339,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Seasonality.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FEB86FEEFD8FF904" author="Calder" box="[349,515,1752,1778]" pageId="18" pageNumber="20" refString="Calder, D. R. (1988) Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: the Athecatae. Royal Ontario Museum Life Sciences Contributions, 148, 1 - 107." type="journal article" year="1988">Calder (1988)</bibRefCitation>
described a period of dormancy in 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FC516FEEFBBDF907" box="[948,1073,1752,1777]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FC516FEEFBBDF907" box="[948,1073,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during winter in 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FAE26FEEFAFAF904" box="[1287,1398,1752,1778]" name="Bermuda" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bermuda</collectingCountry>
. In 
<collectingCountry id="CF9826CBFFD68929FF726E36FF6EF8EC" box="[151,226,1792,1818]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, some species occurring at São Sebastião Channel also become dormant (
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FB9F6E36FAA0F8EC" author="Marques" box="[1146,1324,1792,1818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Marques, A. C. (1993) Sistematica dos Eudendriidae L. Agassiz, 1862 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) do Litoral Paulista. Thesis, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 168 pp." type="book" year="1993">Marques 1993</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD68929FADB6E36FF5AF8B4" author="Migotto" pageId="18" pageNumber="21" refString="Migotto, A. E. (1993) Hidroides (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) Marinhos Bentonicos da Regiao Costeira do Canal de Sao Sebastiao, SP, Thesis, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 258 pp." type="book" year="1993">Migotto 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Seasonal studies show that larval recruitment and initial development in 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD68929FBA46E1EFB30F8B7" box="[1089,1212,1832,1857]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FBA46E1EFB30F8B7" box="[1089,1212,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in less than 5% of the year (Migotto 
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD68929FE5A6E66FE77F89F" box="[447,507,1872,1897]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
2001), and dormancy is a good explanation for its presence. Our observations showed the presence of the species from October to May, occasionally in August, in the São Sebastião Channel.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD78928FF2369AEFF6CFF2C" blockId="19.[151,1436,152,418]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD78928FF2369AEFE7CFF47" box="[198,496,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
Depth. 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD78928FEC469AEFE7CFF47" box="[289,496,152,177]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">Zyzzyzus warreni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is a coastal infra-littoral shallow-water species, never observed below 
<quantity id="7077CBBEFFD78928FABE69AEFA10FF44" box="[1371,1436,152,178]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B730665BFFD78928FF2369DEFCF3FE54" blockId="19.[151,1436,152,418]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD78928FF2369DEFEEEFEF7" box="[198,354,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Associations.</emphasis>
Polychaetes of the family 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD78928FD5369DEFCA2FEF4" box="[694,814,232,258]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Spionidae</taxonomicName>
, small anemones, and ophiuroids actively feed on actinulae and polyps of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD78928FE496826FDAAFEDF" box="[428,550,272,297]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD78928FE496826FDAAFEDF" box="[428,550,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="D31E1BAAFFD78928FDD06826FD70FEDC" author="Guerrazzi" box="[565,764,272,298]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Guerrazzi, M. C. (1999) Padroes Populacionais e Ecologia do Forrageamento de Echinaster brasiliensis Muller &amp; Troschel (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) no Canal de Sao Sebastiao, SP. Thesis, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, 77 pp." type="book" year="1999">Guerrazzi (1999)</bibRefCitation>
observed that 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD78928FC426826FBADFEDF" box="[935,1057,272,297]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD78928FC426826FBADFEDF" box="[935,1057,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
polyps are a small proportion of the diet of a starfish, 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD78928FE77680EFD13FEA7" box="[402,671,312,337]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD78928FE77680EFD13FEA7" box="[402,671,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Echinaster brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which also feeds in the sponges 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD78928FBC9680EFB33FEA7" box="[1068,1215,312,337]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD78928FBC9680EFB33FEA7" box="[1068,1215,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">M. angulosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD78928FB1F680EFADCFEA7" box="[1274,1360,312,337]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ignis">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD78928FB1F680EFADCFEA7" box="[1274,1360,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. ignis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, common substrata of 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD78928FE816856FE53FE8F" box="[356,479,352,377]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Zyzzyzus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="warreni">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD78928FE816856FE53FE8F" box="[356,479,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Z. warreni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the São Sebastião Channel. The hydroid is frequently colonized by the ciliate 
<taxonomicName id="708F1DD8FFD78928FF7268BEFEACFE57" box="[151,288,392,417]" class="Spirotrichea" family="Licnophoridae" genus="Licnophora" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Licnophorida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="85FBBA49FFD78928FF7268BEFEACFE57" box="[151,288,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Licnophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., which seems to be immune to the nematocysts.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>