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<mods:title id="960031B6751AA6A71C58C4DA7E02E1A2">Taxonomic notes on owlflies from Pakistan (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae Ascalaphinae)</mods:title>
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFF45245E4817FC2C" ID-CoL="4PFB" authority="McLachlan, 1873" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1873" box="[238,603,878,905]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFF45245E4B36FC2D" bold="true" box="[238,378,878,905]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Glyptobasis</emphasis>
McLachlan, 1873
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<treatmentCitation id="77319E02FF95414CFF3C24864840FC6A" author="McLachlan, R." box="[151,524,950,974]" page="268" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" year="1873">
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFF3C24864840FC6A" ID-CoL="4PFB" authority="McLachlan, 1873 a: 268" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,524,950,974]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFF3C24864B5CFC6A" box="[151,272,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Glyptobasis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFEBC24864840FC6A" author="McLachlan, R." box="[279,524,950,974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="219 - 276" refId="ref27390" refString="McLachlan, R. (1873 a) An attempt towards a systematic classification of the family Ascalaphidae. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 11, 219 - 276. [BotN ref # 353] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1871. tb 02588. x" type="journal article" year="1873">McLachlan, 1873a: 268</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<typeStatus id="292B06B1FF95414CFDBD24864804FC6A" box="[534,584,950,974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Type</typeStatus>
species:
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<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFD0D24864E94FC6A" ID-CoL="683XB" authority="Westwood, 1847: 69" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1847" box="[678,1240,950,974]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifer" subGenus="Ogcogaster">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFD0D24864957FC6A" box="[678,795,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Ascalaphus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFC81248649ECFC69" box="[810,928,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Ogcogaster</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFC04248649B2FC6A" box="[943,1022,950,974]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">dentifer</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFBAF24864E94FC6A" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[1028,1240,950,974]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refId="ref28983" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. [BotN ref # 6259] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273" type="book" year="1847">Westwood, 1847: 69</bibRefCitation>
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. Subsequent designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFE8624E8486EFC55" author="McLachlan, R." box="[301,546,984,1009]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="398 - 409" refId="ref27450" refString="McLachlan, R. (1873 b) Neuroptera [sensu lato]. Zoological Record, 8, 398 - 409." type="journal article" year="1873">McLachlan, 1873b: 402</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F62FB813FF95414CFF3C232C4F16FB3A" blockId="15.[151,1437,1052,1599]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFF3C232C4B5EFB92" bold="true" box="[151,274,1052,1078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFEB3232C4BD2FB92" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1873" box="[280,414,1052,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFEB3232C4BD2FB92" box="[280,414,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Glyptobasis</emphasis>
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is similar to
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFD84232C48C1FB92" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[559,653,1052,1078]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Acheron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFD84232C48C1FB92" box="[559,653,1052,1078]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Acheron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the distinct lateral spines on the basal flagellomeres in male and similar to
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFE90230F4BA4FBFD" authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1923" box="[315,488,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Nousera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFE90230F4BD6FBFC" box="[315,410,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Nousera</emphasis>
Navás
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a distinct triangular projection on the anal area of forewing. The genus can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFDBA23514823FBDF" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[529,623,1121,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Acheron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFDBA23514823FBDF" box="[529,623,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Acheron</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of the distinct triangular projection on the anal area of forewing and from
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFEDB23B54B83FB3A" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1923" box="[368,463,1157,1182]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Nousera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFEDB23B54B83FB3A" box="[368,463,1157,1182]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Nousera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of distinct lateral spines on the basal antennal segments in male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F62FB813FF95414CFF6C239749EDF99A" blockId="15.[151,1437,1052,1599]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFF6C23974B4AFB65" bold="true" box="[199,262,1191,1217]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Note.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFEBB23974BDAFB65" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityYear="1873" box="[272,406,1191,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFEBB23974BDAFB65" box="[272,406,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Glyptobasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented by eight species which are mostly restricted to South Asia (5 species) and Southeast Asia (3 spp.). The greatest diversity of this genus occurs in
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FF95414CFC1A23F949A7FB47" box="[945,1003,1225,1251]" name="India" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">India</collectingCountry>
(5 spp.) and
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FF95414CFB2923FA4EA3FB40" box="[1154,1263,1226,1252]" name="Myanmar" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(3 spp.). However, the discovery of members of this genus, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFD6C23DC4EC3FAA2" authority="(Westwood, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[711,1167,1260,1286]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifera">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFD6C23DC49F5FAA2" box="[711,953,1260,1286]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Glyptobasis dentifera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFC6C23DC4EC4FAA2" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[967,1160,1260,1286]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refId="ref28983" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. [BotN ref # 6259] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273" type="book" year="1847">Westwood, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, from
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FF95414CFB7323DC4F7BFAA2" box="[1240,1335,1260,1286]" name="Pakistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
suggests that the fauna of eastern
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FF95414CFE01223F4845FA8D" box="[426,521,1295,1321]" name="Pakistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
is of Oriental affinity. The specimen we examined agrees with the photographs of
<typeStatus id="292B06B1FF95414CFF3C22024AB5FAE8" box="[151,249,1330,1356]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFEB622024BEFFAEF" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[285,419,1329,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifera">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFEB622024BEFFAEF" box="[285,419,1329,1356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">G. dentifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFE6E220148ECFAEF" author="Tauber, C. A. &amp; Simmons, Z. &amp; Tauber, A. J." box="[453,672,1329,1355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref28652" refString="Tauber, C. A., Simmons, Z. &amp; Tauber, A. J. (2019) Type specimens of Neuropterida in the Hope Entomological Collection, Oxford University Museum of Natural History. ZooKeys, 823, 1 - 126. [BotN ref # 18513] https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 823.30231" type="journal article" year="2019">
Tauber
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFDB322024803FAEF" box="[536,591,1329,1355]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
in regard to general morphology, except for slight color variations in the wing membrane, which are slightly brownish along the costal region in forewing and also on the apical region of hind wing in the photographs of
<typeStatus id="292B06B1FF95414CFD8C224748C1FA35" box="[551,653,1399,1425]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
. In our specimen the wings are completely hyaline. For now, we treat our specimen as
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFEFB22A9480DFA17" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[336,577,1433,1459]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Glyptobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentifera">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFEFB22A9480DFA17" box="[336,577,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Glyptobasis dentifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on comparison with photographs provided by
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFB3922A94F22FA17" author="Tauber, C. A. &amp; Simmons, Z. &amp; Tauber, A. J." box="[1170,1390,1433,1459]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref28652" refString="Tauber, C. A., Simmons, Z. &amp; Tauber, A. J. (2019) Type specimens of Neuropterida in the Hope Entomological Collection, Oxford University Museum of Natural History. ZooKeys, 823, 1 - 126. [BotN ref # 18513] https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 823.30231" type="journal article" year="2019">
Tauber
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFB4D22AA4F51FA17" box="[1254,1309,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
and hope that future discovery of a male from
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FF95414CFDD8228C489EFA72" box="[627,722,1468,1494]" name="Pakistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
will yield information on the correct identification. The similar variability of color patterns on wing membrane has also been noticed in some other split-eyed owlfly species, such as
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFF1E21314859F9B8" authority="(Walker, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[181,533,1537,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Acheron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFF1E21314B29F9BF" box="[181,357,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Acheron longus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFED821314840F9B8" author="Walker, F." box="[371,524,1537,1564]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refId="ref28820" refString="Walker, F. (1853) Catalogue of the specimens of neuropterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part II (Sialidae- Nemopterides). Newman, London, 284 pp. [pp. 193 - 476, BotN ref # 6194]" type="book" year="1853">Walker, 1853</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFDE821314956F9BF" author="Tauber, C. A. &amp; Simmons, Z. &amp; Tauber, A. J." box="[579,794,1537,1563]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="1 - 126" refId="ref28652" refString="Tauber, C. A., Simmons, Z. &amp; Tauber, A. J. (2019) Type specimens of Neuropterida in the Hope Entomological Collection, Oxford University Museum of Natural History. ZooKeys, 823, 1 - 126. [BotN ref # 18513] https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 823.30231" type="journal article" year="2019">
Tauber
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFD3C21324883F9BF" box="[663,719,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
(2019
</bibRefCitation>
: figs 15AC) and
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFC4D21334EFCF9B8" author="Abraham, L." box="[998,1200,1537,1566]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" pagination="63 - 77" refId="ref25419" refString="Abraham, L. (2008 b) Ascalaphid studies VII. On the ascalaphid fauna of Taiwan (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae). Natura Somogyiensis, 12, 63 - 77. [BotN ref # 14316]" type="journal article" year="2008">Ábrahám (2008b)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF95414CFB4121324BFBF99A" authority="(Westwood, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ogcogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellata">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF95414CFB4121324AAEF99A" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Ogcogaster tessellata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF95414CFF5B21144BE3F99A" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[240,431,1572,1598]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refId="ref28983" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1847) The Cabinet of Oriental Entomology; being a selection of the rarer and more beautiful species of insects, natives of India and the adjacent islands. The greater portion of which are now, for the first time, described and figured. Smith, London, 88 pp. [BotN ref # 6259] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 34273" type="book" year="1847">Westwood, 1847</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="6EABA496FF95414CFE6D2114481EF99A" box="[454,594,1572,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[418,1162,192,1899]" captionTargetId="figure-19@24.[407,1181,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. Ogcogaster tessellata (Westwood). Male. AC. Dorsal habitus. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4766595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4766595/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Figs 14AC</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="6EABA496FF95414CFDF6211448FDF99B" box="[605,689,1572,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1084,1108]" captionTargetBox="[158,1428,201,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-19@25.[151,1436,181,1060]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. Ogcogaster tessellata (Westwood). Female. AD. Dorsal habitus. Scale bar: 5.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4766597" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4766597/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">15AD</figureCitation>
) in the present study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>