201 lines
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201 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="45625779B9B2A7079A13F0FD9BB506B1" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.00304.2016" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10626457" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1707249326414" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Breton, Gérard, Wisshak, Max, Néraudeau, Didier & Morel, Nicolas" docDate="2017" docId="03C22917FF81AE33FF4FAF9A3C86784E" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.62.1.45-57.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00304.2016" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Loxolenichnus Breton and Wisshak" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFFB516FFF87AE35FFD8AC1B39117957" masterDocTitle="Parasitic gastropod bioerosion trace fossil on Cenomanian oysters from Le Mans, France and its ichnologic and taphonomic context" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1713553412046" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="C8C43B1922638C9BC7A70EACF15DDC07">Parasitic gastropod bioerosion trace fossil on Cenomanian oysters from Le Mans, France and its ichnologic and taphonomic context</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4465EAB881C513150BD3990FFAAA3544">Breton, Gérard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A4338A754933CA6AEF08D1F746E3F2B">Wisshak, Max</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A36E32E068D6854BF21260311B6CBE9A">Néraudeau, Didier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3BB3E9E57F31175913D00E0858D55DF8">Morel, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="79C0433384D3E38C888758EBE954FBD8">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8ABDB4964360BEC5E3129E744E70C083">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="704590BEAE68860B7BA01EC4752096A8">2016-11-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03C22917FF81AE33FF4FAF9A3C86784E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C22917FF81AE33FF4FAF9A3C86784E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C22917FF81AE33FF4FAF9A3C86784E" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection id="C371CB8AFF81AE33FF4FAF9A3A247ACA" box="[151,821,897,925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD49801FF81AE33FF4FAF9A3A247ACA" blockId="6.[151,821,897,925]" box="[151,821,897,925]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="D09C2F6DFF81AE33FF4FAF9A3A247ACA" box="[151,821,897,925]" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" reason="2">
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Ichnogenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FEEBAF9A3BE67ACA" authority="Breton and Wisshak" authorityName="Breton and Wisshak" box="[307,759,897,925]" class="Gastropoda" family="Oichnidae" genus="Loxolenichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FEEBAF9A38FF7ACA" box="[307,494,897,925]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Loxolenichnus</emphasis>
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Breton and Wisshak
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</taxonomicName>
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nov.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C371CB8AFF81AE33FF4FAFB638487A89" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="type_taxon">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD49801FF81AE33FF4FAFB638487A89" blockId="6.[151,824,941,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FF4FAFB638577A95" box="[151,326,941,962]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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||
<typeStatus id="54D026A3FF81AE33FF4FAFB639D57A95" box="[151,196,941,962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
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ichnospecies
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</emphasis>
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||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FE8AAFB63A297A95" authority="Breton and Wisshak" authorityName="Breton and Wisshak" authorityYear="2017" box="[338,824,941,962]" class="Gastropoda" genus="Loxolenichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stellatocinctus" status="isp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FE8AAFB63B617A95" box="[338,624,941,962]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Loxolenichnus stellatocinctus</emphasis>
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Breton and Wisshak
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CF968FF81AE33FF4FAFD239FA7A89" box="[151,235,969,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="species">isp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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; see below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C371CB8AFF81AE33FF4FAFF13B197D6F" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD49801FF81AE33FF4FAFF13B197D6F" blockId="6.[151,824,1002,1080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FF4FAFF138637AA8" box="[151,370,1002,1023]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Included ichnospecies</emphasis>
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: The
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<typeStatus id="54D026A3FF81AE33FE6CAFF138CC7AA8" box="[436,477,1002,1023]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
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ichnospecies,
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FDAEAFF138D27D4C" authority="(Neumann and Wisshak, 2009)" authorityName="Breton & Wisshak & Néraudeau & Morel" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Neumann and Wisshak" baseAuthorityYear="2009" class="Gastropoda" genus="Loxolenichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="halo" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FDAEAFF13A297AA8" box="[630,824,1002,1023]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Loxolenichnus halo</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFAE5F0FF81AE33FF46A81D38AA7D4C" author="Neumann, C. & Wisshak, M." box="[158,443,1030,1051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" pagination="115 - 119" refId="ref8611" refString="Neumann, C. and Wisshak, M. 2009. Gastropod parasitism on Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene holasteroid echinoids. Evidence from Oichnus halo isp. n. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 284: 115 - 119." type="journal article" year="2009">Neumann and Wisshak, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CF968FF81AE33FE11A81D3B277D4C" box="[457,566,1030,1051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FDB1A81D38897D6F" authority="(Ruggiero and Raia, 2014)" authorityName="Breton & Wisshak & Néraudeau & Morel" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Ruggiero and Raia" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Gastropoda" family="Oichnidae" genus="Loxolenichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="taddei" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FDB1A81D3A297D4C" box="[617,824,1030,1051]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Loxolenichnus taddei</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFAE5F0FF81AE33FF46A83838817D6F" author="Ruggiero, E. & Raia, P." box="[158,400,1059,1080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" pagination="15 - 24" refId="ref9000" refString="Ruggiero, E. and Raia, P. 2014. Oichnus taddei, a new fossil trace produced by capulids on brachiopod shells. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 29: 15 - 24." type="journal article" year="2014">Ruggiero and Raia, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22CF968FF81AE33FE45A8383B197D6F" box="[413,520,1059,1080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C371CB8AFF81AE33FF4FA85F39E77D0E" box="[151,246,1092,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD49801FF81AE33FF4FA85F39E77D0E" blockId="6.[151,246,1092,1113]" box="[151,246,1092,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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||
<figureCitation id="13508484FF81AE33FF4FA85F39C87D0E" box="[151,217,1092,1113]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[98,131,1668,1688]" captionTargetBox="[99,1479,160,1644]" captionTargetId="figure-210@7.[99,1479,160,1644]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 5. Parasitic gastropod bioerosion and perforation trace Loxolenichnus stellatocinctus igen. et isp. nov., MHNLM 2015.2.244, holotype, Marnes à Pycnodonte biauriculata Formation, Upper Cenomanian, Lycée Bellevue earthmoving works, Le Mans, Sarthe Department, France; on LV of Rhynchostreon suborbiculatum (Lamarck, 1801). A. Entire LV shell with the arrow showing the perforation. B. LV (viewed from inside), the arrow shows the opening of the perforation on the inner side of the shell, diascopic illumination. Outer (C) and inner (D) sides of the shell, close-ups of the perforation, the dashed line delimitates approximately the course of the perforation through the shell, diascopic illumination. E. Positive X-ray print of the perforation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626467" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626467/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13508484FF81AE33FF3CA85F39E37D0E" box="[228,242,1092,1113]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[151,184,1644,1664]" captionTargetBox="[153,1533,161,1616]" captionTargetId="figure-200@8.[153,1534,161,1616]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 6. Parasitic gastropod bioerosion trace Loxolenichnus stellatocinctus igen. et isp. nov., MHNLM 2015.2.346 and MHNLM 2015.2.347, paratypes; lower Campanian Inoceramus lingua–Goniotheuthis quadrata Zone, quarry near Höver, Germany. A. Outer side of an oyster valve, accommodating two specimens of L. stellatocinctus (arrows). B. Close-up of the two specimens and the multiple perforations. C. Inner side of the oyster valve showing two of the perforations reaching the adductor muscle pad. Outer (D) and inner (E) sides of an oyster valve with a marginal L. stellatocinctus. F. Close-up of D, note the two concentric stellate rims and the marginal notch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10626469" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10626469/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">6</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C371CB8AFF81AE33FF4FA87038C27DA7" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD49801FF81AE33FF4FA87038C27DA7" blockId="6.[151,824,1131,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FF4FA87039EF7DD7" box="[151,254,1131,1152]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Etymology</emphasis>
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: Contraction of the ancient Greek words
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<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FD76A8703BF07DD7" box="[686,737,1131,1152]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">loxós</emphasis>
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(λοξός), oblique, and
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<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FECBA89C38577DCB" box="[275,326,1159,1180]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">solen</emphasis>
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(σωλήν), canal, pipe; allusion to the central oblique penetration hole in the
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<typeStatus id="54D026A3FF81AE33FE59A8B838C47DEF" box="[385,469,1187,1208]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">holotype</typeStatus>
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of the type ichnospecies. Ichnus is a common ending for trace fossils names, referring to ancient Greek
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<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FF4FA8C039C77DA7" box="[151,214,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">ichnos</emphasis>
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, track. Gender masculine.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C371CB8AFF81AE33FF4FA91838707C2B" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BD49801FF81AE33FF4FA91838707C2B" blockId="6.[151,824,1283,1404]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FF4FA918381B7C4B" box="[151,266,1283,1308]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.—A single or rarely several cylindrical holes, completely cutting through calcareous shelly substrates, surrounded by a circular to elliptical depression with concentrical grooves.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C371CB8AFF81AE33FF4FA9953C86784E" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD49801FF81AE33FF4FA9953C86784E" blockId="6.[151,824,1422,1960]" lastBlockId="6.[862,1535,160,281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">
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||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FF4FA99539E87CF0" box="[151,249,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.—The ichnogenus
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<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FE0FA9953BF27CF0" authority="Bromley, 1981" authorityName="Bromley" authorityYear="1981" box="[471,739,1422,1447]" genus="Oichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FE0FA9953B277CF0" box="[471,566,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Oichnus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAE5F0FF81AE33FDE5A9953BF27CF0" author="Bromley, R. G." box="[573,739,1422,1447]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" pagination="55 - 64" refId="ref6929" refString="Bromley, R. G. 1981. Concepts in ichnotaxonomy illustrated by small round holes in shells. Acta Geologica Hispanica 16: 55 - 64." type="journal article" year="1981">Bromley, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, except the ichnospecies
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FE8CA9B53A267C90" authority="Neumann and Wisshak, 2009" authorityName="Neumann and Wisshak" authorityYear="2009" box="[340,823,1454,1479]" genus="Oichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="halo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FE8CA9B538FB7C90" box="[340,490,1454,1479]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Oichnus halo</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAE5F0FF81AE33FE37A9B53A267C90" author="Neumann, C. & Wisshak, M." box="[495,823,1454,1479]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" pagination="115 - 119" refId="ref8611" refString="Neumann, C. and Wisshak, M. 2009. Gastropod parasitism on Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene holasteroid echinoids. Evidence from Oichnus halo isp. n. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 284: 115 - 119." type="journal article" year="2009">Neumann and Wisshak, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FF1CA9D53B6E7CB0" authority="Ruggiero and Raia, 2014" authorityName="Ruggiero and Raia" authorityYear="2014" box="[196,639,1486,1511]" genus="Oichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="taddei">
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||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FF1CA9D5387F7CB0" box="[196,366,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Oichnus taddei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAE5F0FF81AE33FEA9A9D53B6E7CB0" author="Ruggiero, E. & Raia, P." box="[369,639,1486,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" pagination="15 - 24" refId="ref9000" refString="Ruggiero, E. and Raia, P. 2014. Oichnus taddei, a new fossil trace produced by capulids on brachiopod shells. Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 29: 15 - 24." type="journal article" year="2014">Ruggiero and Raia, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
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which are herein transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FEE3A9F538CE7F50" box="[315,479,1518,1543]" class="Gastropoda" genus="Loxolenichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FEE3A9F538CE7F50" box="[315,479,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Loxolenichnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lack the attachment scar and peripheral groove. The ichnogenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FDE5AA1538D97F10" authority="Santos, Mayoral, and Muniz, 2005" authorityName="Santos, Mayoral, and Muniz" authorityYear="2005" class="Maxillopoda" genus="Anellusichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FDE5AA153BCD7F70" box="[573,732,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Anellusichnus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAE5F0FF81AE33FD3EAA1538D97F10" author="Santos, A. & Mayoral, E. & Muniz, F." pageId="6" pageNumber="51" pagination="181 - 189" refId="ref9103" refString="Santos, A., Mayoral, E., and Muniz, F. 2005. Bioerosion scars of acorn barnacles from the southwestern Iberian Peninsula, Upper Neogene. Rivista Italiana di Paeontologia e Statigrafia 111: 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="2005">Santos, Mayoral, and Muñiz, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FE0CAA35384B7F30" authority="Santos, Mayoral, and Muniz, 2003" authorityName="Santos, Mayoral, and Muniz" authorityYear="2003" genus="Lacrimichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FE0CAA353B617F10" box="[468,624,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Lacrimichnus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAE5F0FF81AE33FDA0AA35384B7F30" author="Santos, A. & Mayoral, E. & Muniz, F." pageId="6" pageNumber="51" pagination="181 - 188" refId="ref9060" refString="Santos, A., Mayoral, E., and Muniz, F. 2003. New trace fossils produced by etching molluscs from the Upper Neogene of the Southern Iberian Peninsula. Acta Geologica Polonica 53: 181 - 188." type="journal article" year="2003">Santos, Mayoral, and Muñiz, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FE4EAA5539DD7FD0" authority="Bromley and Martinell, 1991" authorityName="Bromley and Martinell" authorityYear="1991" genus="Centrichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FE4EAA553B337F30" box="[406,546,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Centrichnus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFAE5F0FF81AE33FDF2AA5539DD7FD0" author="Bromley, R. G. & Martinell, J." pageId="6" pageNumber="51" pagination="243 - 252" refId="ref7048" refString="Bromley, R. G. and Martinell, J. 1991. Centrichnus, new ichnogenus for centrically patterned attachment scars on skeletal substrates. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 38: 243 - 252." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Bromley and Martinell,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9335E4FF81AE33FF4FAA7539DD7FD0" box="[151,204,1646,1671]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05714" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" unit="in" value="1991.0">1991</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in turn are pure attachment scars and lack the penetration hole(s) passing through the substrate.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FDB2AA953A207FF0" authorityName="Beuck, López Correa & Freiwald" authorityYear="2008" box="[618,817,1678,1703]" class="Globothalamea" family="Rosalinidae" genus="Kardopomorphos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FDB2AA953A207FF0" box="[618,817,1678,1703]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Kardopomorphos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with its sole ichnospecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FE3BAAB53B6F7FB0" authority="Beuck, Lopez Correa, and Freiwald, 2008" authorityName="Beuck, Lopez Correa, and Freiwald" authorityYear="2008" class="Globothalamea" family="Rosalinidae" genus="Kardopomorphos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Chromista" order="Rotaliida" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="polydioryx">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FE3BAAB53A267F90" box="[483,823,1710,1735]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Kardopomorphos polydioryx</emphasis>
|
||
Beuck, López Correa, and Freiwald, 2008
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a rounded or spiral-shaped pit, from which many whip-shaped, branched canals including sometimes one or few central larger canals penetrate deeply in the substrate. By including two former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FF4FAB5439E77E3F" authorityName="Bromley" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,246,1871,1896]" genus="Oichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FF4FAB5439E77E3F" box="[151,246,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Oichnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ichnospecies,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6BE382FF81AE33FE47AB5438EF7E3F" authorityName="Bromley" authorityYear="1981" box="[415,510,1871,1896]" genus="Oichnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91F4413FF81AE33FE47AB5438EF7E3F" box="[415,510,1871,1896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="51">Oichnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now constrained to pure predation traces (Praedichnia). The new ichnogenus, in contrast, comprises three ichnospecies that are all combinations of complete penetrations (parasitic in nature and thus unlike Praedichnia sensu stricto) and an attachment scar (Fixichnia), and this combination of two different modes of bioerosion is characteristic of the new ichnogenus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |