184 lines
18 KiB
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184 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5849" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e3e1a118-c730-48f7-91f0-5dc2b5c39227" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-46-35" ID-Pensoft-UUID="E472FFECFFD3AE688018FF8B6111BA7B" ID-ZBK="11C9CA39147F4142AB4DEA932E5CDE7D" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575101" ID-ZooBank="11C9CA39147F4142AB4DEA932E5CDE7D" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2607-46-35" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46" ModsDocTitle="A rare ant on Samoa: first record of the cryptic subfamily Proceratiinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and description of a new Proceratium Roger species" checkinTime="1451252157026" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liu, Cong, Fischer, Georg & Economo, Evan P." docDate="2015" docId="3E02C59954273D2F928FAAA8199F2B94" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 46: 35-44" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 46" docPubDate="2015-11-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5849" docTitle="Proceratium silisili Liu, Fischer & Economo 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="9AB0E143-16D2-4006-AEC1-F356097C9F03" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="E472FFECFFD3AE688018FF8B6111BA7B" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="E472FFECFFD3AE688018FF8B6111BA7B" masterDocTitle="A rare ant on Samoa: first record of the cryptic subfamily Proceratiinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and description of a new Proceratium Roger species" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="35" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1678749009151" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A rare ant on Samoa: first record of the cryptic subfamily Proceratiinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) and description of a new Proceratium Roger species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Cong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-6931</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904 - 0495, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cong.liu0514@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fischer, Georg</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904 - 0495, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Economo, Evan P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904 - 0495, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2015-11-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>46</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>35</mods:start>
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<mods:end>44</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5849</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.46.5849</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-46-35</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">11C9CA39147F4142AB4DEA932E5CDE7D</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">E472FFECFFD3AE688018FF8B6111BA7B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">575101</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127878744" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9AB0E143-16D2-4006-AEC1-F356097C9F03" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E02C59954273D2F928FAAA8199F2B94" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/9AB0E143-16D2-4006-AEC1-F356097C9F03" authority="Liu, Fischer & Economo" authorityName="Liu, Fischer & Economo" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium silisili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silisili" status="sp. n.">Proceratium silisili Liu, Fischer & Economo</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="4" pageNumber="39">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Proceratium silisili sp. n. (CASENT 0741888). A Body in profile B Body in dorsal view C Head in full-face view D Mandible in frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.46.5849.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/66903" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Holotype</emphasis>
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. Pinned worker, Samoa, Savai, 5.4km SSW
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A’opo">A'opo</normalizedToken>
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vil, Mt. Silisili,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-13.636111">13°38'10"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="172" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="-172.5064">172°30'23"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1200m, montane rainforest, leaf litter, 22.iv.2015 (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">E. Sarnat & C. Liu</emphasis>
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) (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">OSAKA</emphasis>
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: CASENT0741888).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Fischer & Economo" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium silisili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silisili">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Proceratium silisili</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from the other Oceanian members of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Proceratium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: mandible with 4 distinct teeth; petiole node in dorsal face-view subrectangular, almost as long as wide (DPeI 128); abdominal segment IV in profile view strongly recurved (IGR 0.25), highly rounded and almost spherical in its appearance; whole body very densely punctate, except for small smooth and shiny spot posterior of frontal lobes; pilosity dense, uniformly short and decumbent, long and erect or suberect hairs completely absent. Using the above character combination,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. silisili" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="silisili">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. silisili</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can also be distinguished easily from its geographically closest congeners in Fiji.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="De Andrade" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium oceanicum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oceanicum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">Proceratium oceanicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. relictum" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="relictum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. relictum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vinaka" pageId="4" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="vinaka">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="39">P. vinaka</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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all have elongate-triangular mandibles with relatively long masticatory margins and more than six teeth
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="start">or</pageBreakToken>
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denticles, petiole in profile either squamiform or narrow, transversally compressed subrectangular, abdominal segment IV not strongly recurved (IGR> 0.45), and long standing hairs present.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="968256" doi="10.3897/JHR.46.5849.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/66903" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Liu, Fischer & Economo" authorityYear="2015" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium silisili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silisili">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Proceratium silisili</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (CASENT0741888).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
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Body in profile
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
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Body in dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
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Head in full-face view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
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Mandible in frontal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="worker measurements (n=1)">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Worker measurements (N=1).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">TL 3.36; EL 0.04; SL 0.56; HL 0.83; HLM 0.99; HW 0.75; WL 0.97; HFeL 0.65; HTiL 0.52; HBaL 0.27; PeL 0.24; PeW 0.31; DPeL 128; LT3 0.4; LS4 0.2; LT4 0.8; OI 6; CI 90; SI 74; IGR 0.25; ASI 204.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="worker description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Worker description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">In full-face view, head subrectangular, longer than wide (CI 90), sides and posterior head margin convex. Mandibles with four distinct, well developed teeth, curved triangular with short masticatory margin. Clypeus strongly reduced, anteromedially with a small, triangular projection, anterolaterally reduced to extremely narrow with a thin wall in front of antennal sockets. Frontal carinae absent or vestigial, frontal lobes narrow, not covering the antennal sockets, posteriorly strongly convergent, ending just after posterior limit of antennal sockets. Eyes very small (OI 6), consisting of single ommatidium.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Mesosoma in profile convex, almost as long as maximum head length including mandibles. Lower mesopleuron with well impressed sutures, propodeum without posterior teeth, propodeal lobes small, reduced and blunt, posterior declivity relatively steep, in posterolateral and posterodorsal view separated from lateral propodeum by a distinct margin, propodeal spiracle circular and facing posterior end of mesosoma, situated slightly above mid height. Front and hind tibia with pectinate spur present, both without calcar of strigil, mesotibial spur absent, pretarsal claws simple, arolia absent. Petiole node in profile about as high as long, anterior face almost vertical, the dorsum almost flat, anteriorly and posteriorly weakly rounded, in dorsal view subrectangular with convex sides and slightly wider than long (DPeL 128), ventral process a small, blunt tooth.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Abdominal segment III in dorsal view anteriorly wider than petiole, posteriorly diverging, in profile abdominal sternite III anterolaterally with small, angulate anterior projection on either side of shallow median depression. Constriction between abdominal segments III and IV distinctly impressed. Abdominal segment IV strongly recurved (IGR 0.25), highly rounded and almost spherical in its appearance, abdominal tergum IV about twice as long as abdominal tergum III (ASI 204). Remaining abdominal segments reduced and comparatively inconspicuous, curved forwards.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Whole body in profile and in dorsal view covered with uniform dense layer of short, decumbent hairs, longer erect hairs completely absent.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Sculpture on mandibles irregularly punctate, on remainder of body very densely punctate, except for small smooth and shiny spot posterior of frontal lobes. Punctation also less strongly developed on abdominal segment IV, tergum IV appearing more shiny.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Body color dark red, legs and flagella of lighter, reddish brown coloration.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" type="distribution and ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">
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At present, the new species is only known from Savai island in Samoa, and is likely endemic to Samoa. The type locality is a montane rainforest on Mt. Silisili, situated at an elevation of 1200m. Only one single worker of the new species was collected through leaf litter extraction. The genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="40">Proceratium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has not been previously reported from Samoa according to the GABI database (
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<bibRefCitation author="Guenard, B" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="7" pageNumber="42" refId="B13" refString="Guenard, B, Weiser, M, Gomez, K, Narula, N, Economo, EP, in review. Revealing the distribution of ants: the Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics database." title="Revealing the distribution of ants: the Global Ant Biodiversity Informatics database" year="in review">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guénard">Guenard</normalizedToken>
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et
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="41" start="start">al</pageBreakToken>
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. in review
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</bibRefCitation>
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). There is no additional information about its ecology due to the limited available material.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="41" type="taxonomic notes">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="41">
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The identification of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. silisili" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="silisili">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">P. silisili</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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within the Oceanian region can be easily performed with the character combination given in the diagnosis. The new species is morphologically distinct from all the other members in the Oceanian region. It is thus possible that the Samoa species has a different origin than the other species in the region and that it is a descendent of a New World ancestor from the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Roger" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium micrommatum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="micrommatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Proceratium micrommatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade. Several of the observed morphological characters are in support of this hypothesis: the mandibles have four teeth only, clypeus medially narrow with triangular projection, and mesotibiae without pectinate spur present. Also the subrectangular shape of the petiole and the absence of a lamellate ventral process, as well as the strongly recurved and almost spherical shape of the abdominal segment IV point in the same direction, although a triangular to strongly reduced ventral process can also be observed in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Roger" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Proceratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proceratium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="41">Proceratium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species present on Fiji. A more definitive placement of the new species within the genus phylogeny, however, has to be postponed until more conclusive (e.g genetic) data can be analysed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |