352 lines
56 KiB
XML
352 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="1EF71A27B529B6290680F106C4746C0D" ID-CLB-Dataset="173164" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5200.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="08550033-7f68-4654-8c28-ad378973fed6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7256824" ID-ZooBank="EE8E2630-181F-49CC-9A0D-02C0F72E6087" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1666858478371" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Liang, Ai-Ping" docDate="2022" docId="CB54EB2D064136581AFCFA3014CDFBA1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5200.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5200 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Philagra Stal 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="171" masterDocId="376D93550640365A1A6BFF96153CFFDC" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the genus Philagra Stål (Hemiptera: Cercopidea: Aphrophoridae) from China and Bangladesh" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="169" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1699408501005" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="24E3A6A7655CC5819B131829A5E3685E">Three new species of the genus Philagra Stål (Hemiptera: Cercopidea: Aphrophoridae) from China and Bangladesh</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="F42478E45CD672EEF8ACAC2AC5BE4036">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DA27CA1B8048E691BB6FAAFD8646BA17">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="CB54EB2D064136581AFCFA3014CDFBA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256826" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203565339" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7256826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB54EB2D064136581AFCFA3014CDFBA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB54EB2D064136581AFCFA3014CDFBA1" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="718986290641365B1AFCFA3014E6FA1C" bold="true" box="[151,474,1445,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="84FD21B80641365B1A85FA3014E6FA1C" ID-CoL="63N7B" ID-ENA="798474" authority="Stal, 1863" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1863" box="[238,474,1445,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="718986290641365B1A85FA301464FA1D" bold="true" box="[238,344,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Philagra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B1B0BFA3314E6FA1C" author="Stal, C." box="[352,474,1445,1472]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="571 - 603" refId="ref7135" refString="Stal, C. (1863) Hemipterorum exoticorum generum et specierum nonnullarum novarum descriptiones. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 1, 571 - 603." type="journal article" year="1863">Stål, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0BE709B00641365B1AFCFA701483FA22" box="[151,447,1510,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="43425A3B0641365B1AFCFA701483FA22" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,1626]" box="[151,447,1510,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="63ED7D150641365B1AFCFA701483FA22" box="[151,447,1510,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<treatmentCitation id="C25C7C2A0641365B1AFCFA701487FA22" author="Walker, F." box="[151,443,1510,1534]" page="731" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" year="1851">
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<taxonomicName id="84FD21B80641365B1AFCFA701487FA22" authority="Walker, 1851: 731" authorityName="Walker" authorityPageNumber="731" authorityYear="1851" box="[151,443,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="718986290641365B1AFCFA7015CBFA22" box="[151,247,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Chalepus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B1A96FA701487FA22" author="Walker, F." box="[253,443,1510,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="637 - 907" refId="ref7220" refString="Walker, F. (1851) List of the specimens of Homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, 3, 637 - 907." type="journal article" year="1851">Walker, 1851: 731</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0BE709B00641365B1BAEFA701744F9C0" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="43425A3B0641365B1BAEFA701744F9C0" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,1626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<typeStatus id="9C46E4990641365B1BAEFA7014CBFA22" box="[453,503,1510,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="84FD21B80641365B183EFA70169CFA22" authority="Walker, 1851" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1851" box="[597,928,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastatus">
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<emphasis id="718986290641365B183EFA701633FA22" box="[597,783,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Chalepus hastatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B197DFA70169CFA22" author="Walker, F." box="[790,928,1510,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="637 - 907" refId="ref7220" refString="Walker, F. (1851) List of the specimens of Homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, 3, 637 - 907." type="journal article" year="1851">Walker, 1851</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by subsequent designation of
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<treatmentCitation id="C25C7C2A0641365B1EB2FA7010A5FA22" author="Distant, W. L." box="[1241,1433,1510,1534]" page="107" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B1EB2FA7010A5FA22" author="Distant, W. L." box="[1241,1433,1510,1534]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 501" refId="ref6398" refString="Distant, W. L. (1908) Rhynchota. Vol. IV. Homoptera and Appendix (Pt.). In: Bingham, C. T. (Ed.), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. i - xv + 1 - 501." type="book chapter" year="1908">Distant, 1908: 107</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Preoccupied by
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<taxonomicName id="84FD21B80641365B1B01F9921749F9C0" ID-CoL="3LXK" authority="Thunberg, 1805" authorityName="Thunberg" authorityYear="1805" box="[362,629,1540,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="718986290641365B1B01F99214F6F9C0" box="[362,458,1540,1564]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Chalepus</emphasis>
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Thunberg, 1805
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="0BE709B00641365B1AFCF9B51169F9E7" box="[151,1109,1571,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="43425A3B0641365B1AFCF9B51169F9E7" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,1626]" box="[151,1109,1571,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<treatmentCitation id="C25C7C2A0641365B1AFCF9B514ADF9E7" author="Stal, C." box="[151,401,1571,1595]" page="593" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" year="1863">
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<taxonomicName id="84FD21B80641365B1AFCF9B514ADF9E7" ID-CoL="63N7B" authority="Stal, 1863: 593" authorityName="Stal" authorityPageNumber="593" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,401,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="718986290641365B1AFCF9B515CDF9E7" box="[151,241,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Philagra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B1A9DF9B514ADF9E7" author="Stal, C." box="[246,401,1571,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="571 - 603" refId="ref7135" refString="Stal, C. (1863) Hemipterorum exoticorum generum et specierum nonnullarum novarum descriptiones. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 1, 571 - 603." type="journal article" year="1863">Stål, 1863: 593</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="C25C7C2A0641365B1BF1F9B5176AF9E7" author="Distant, W. L." box="[410,598,1571,1595]" page="107" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" year="1908">
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<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B1BF1F9B5176AF9E7" author="Distant, W. L." box="[410,598,1571,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 501" refId="ref6398" refString="Distant, W. L. (1908) Rhynchota. Vol. IV. Homoptera and Appendix (Pt.). In: Bingham, C. T. (Ed.), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. i - xv + 1 - 501." type="book chapter" year="1908">Distant, 1908: 107</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C25C7C2A0641365B1834F9B516BBF9E7" author="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G." box="[607,903,1571,1595]" page="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" year="1934">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B1834F9B516BBF9E7" author="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G." box="[607,903,1571,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="367 - 429" refId="ref7068" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G. (1934) The Cercopidae (Homoptera) of China. Lingnan Science Journal, 13, 367 - 429, pls. 37 - 43." type="journal article" year="1934">Metcalf & Horton, 1934: 399</bibRefCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="C25C7C2A0641365B19FBF9B5116DF9E7" author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[912,1105,1571,1595]" page="571" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" year="1962">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B19FBF9B5116DF9E7" author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[912,1105,1571,1595]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref7034" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1962) General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle VII. Cercopoidea. Part 3. Aphrophoridae. Waverly, Baltimore, Maryland, 600 pp." type="book" year="1962">Metcalf, 1962: 571</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0BE709B00641365B1E32F9B21633F986" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="43425A3B0641365B1E32F9B21633F986" blockId="1.[151,1437,1510,1626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
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<typeStatus id="9C46E4990641365B1E32F9B211B7F9E0" box="[1113,1163,1572,1596]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B80641365B1E8DF9B5140CF986" authority="Stal, 1863" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="douglasi">
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<emphasis id="718986290641365B1E8DF9B510A0F9E7" box="[1254,1436,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Philagra douglasi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B1AACF9D7140CF986" author="Stal, C." box="[199,304,1601,1626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="571 - 603" refId="ref7135" refString="Stal, C. (1863) Hemipterorum exoticorum generum et specierum nonnullarum novarum descriptiones. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 1, 571 - 603." type="journal article" year="1863">Stål, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, designated by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="C25C7C2A0641365B1BA6F9D41636F986" author="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G." box="[461,778,1602,1626]" page="399" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" year="1934">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0641365B1BA6F9D41636F986" author="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G." box="[461,778,1602,1626]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="367 - 429" refId="ref7068" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G. (1934) The Cercopidae (Homoptera) of China. Lingnan Science Journal, 13, 367 - 429, pls. 37 - 43." type="journal article" year="1934">Metcalf and Horton, 1934: 399</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0BE709B0064136581AFCF9141181FE71" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="43425A3B064136581AFCF9141181FE71" blockId="1.[151,1437,1666,2017]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
|
||
<emphasis id="718986290641365B1AFCF914142EF940" bold="true" box="[151,274,1666,1692]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B80641365B1BE5F915171FF941" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[398,547,1666,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="718986290641365B1BE5F91514CEF941" box="[398,498,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Philagra</emphasis>
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||
Stål
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: body relatively slender and elongate, medium to large-sized, covered with fine, short, silvery setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B1E33F931119CF91D" box="[1112,1184,1703,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,938,962]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,186,910]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus of Philagra species. A. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov., paratype male (China: Tibet). B. Philagra fuscofasciata sp. nov., female (China: Sichuan). C. Philagra straminea sp. nov., paratype male (China: Sichuan). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256828/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B1EDBF93111FCF91D" box="[1200,1216,1703,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,2018,2042]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1059,1993]" captionTargetId="figure-63@3.[151,1436,1058,1994]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov., adult habitus (China: Tibet). A, B. Dark form, male. C, D. Pale form, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256832/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B1EA6F93011E1F91D" box="[1229,1245,1702,1729]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,849,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-276@7.[151,1436,849,1937]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Philagra fuscofasciata sp. nov. Habitus.A. Holotype male, dorsal view. B. Paratype female, dorsal view. C. Paratype female, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256842/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">5</figureCitation>
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); head relatively narrow, conically produced in front of eyes into a cephalic process as long as or longer than pronotum and scutellum combined, usually curving dorsad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B1875F979175FF8D5" box="[542,611,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[152,255,938,962]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,186,910]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[151,1436,181,914]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus of Philagra species. A. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov., paratype male (China: Tibet). B. Philagra fuscofasciata sp. nov., female (China: Sichuan). C. Philagra straminea sp. nov., paratype male (China: Sichuan). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256828/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B181BF97917BCF8D5" box="[624,640,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,2018,2042]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1059,1993]" captionTargetId="figure-63@3.[151,1436,1058,1994]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov., adult habitus (China: Tibet). A, B. Dark form, male. C, D. Pale form, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256832/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B18E0F97917EDF8D5" box="[651,721,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,184,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1091]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. D. Genital capsule, lateral view. E. Subgenital plates, ventral view. F. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. H. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar =1.0 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256838/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">4A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B18B0F97817D7F8D5" box="[731,747,1774,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1960,1984]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,849,1937]" captionTargetId="figure-276@7.[151,1436,849,1937]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Philagra fuscofasciata sp. nov. Habitus.A. Holotype male, dorsal view. B. Paratype female, dorsal view. C. Paratype female, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256842/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B189DF979160AF8D5" box="[758,822,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1381,1405]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,493,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-141@9.[151,1436,489,1357]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Philagra straminea sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, lateral view. D. Subgenital plates, ventral view. E. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. F. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm in A, B, 0.5 mm in C, D and 0.25 mm in E–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256848/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">7A,B</figureCitation>
|
||
); pronotum wider than head; scutellum relatively large, usually about half as long as pronotum; antennae with expanded flagellar base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B1E78F88511B3F8F1" box="[1043,1167,1811,1837]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[284,1302,182,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[284,1303,181,1698]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of antennal sensilla and rostral structure. A–C. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. Expanded flagellar base, top view, showing two peg-like basiconic sensilla and some coeloconic sensilla on surface. D, E. Philagra straminea sp. nov. D. Antenna, ventrolateral view, showing the segmented flagellum with scar-shaped rings and the expanded, bulbous flagellar base bearing peg-like basiconic sensilla and some coeloconic sensilla on surface. E. Two peg-like basiconic sensilla and some coeloconic sensilla on surface of expanded flagellar base. F–H. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. F. Maxillar stylet. G, H. Ten sensilla of two types (b1 and b2) of basiconic sensillum on lateral lobe of rostral apex. Abbreviations: b1 = type I basiconic sensillum with distinct longitudinal grooved surface; b2 = type II basiconic sensillum with smooth surface and the fine pits on surface; ba = basiconic sensillum; co = coeloconic sensillum; fb = expanded flagellar base; fl = flagellum; pe = pedicel; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256836/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs 3A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) hidden in apical cavity of pedicel and not visible in lateral aspect, bearing two peg-like basiconic sensilla and a few coeloconic sensilla on surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0641365B1A9EF8CD144FF8A9" box="[245,371,1883,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[284,1302,182,1696]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[284,1303,181,1698]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of antennal sensilla and rostral structure. A–C. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. Expanded flagellar base, top view, showing two peg-like basiconic sensilla and some coeloconic sensilla on surface. D, E. Philagra straminea sp. nov. D. Antenna, ventrolateral view, showing the segmented flagellum with scar-shaped rings and the expanded, bulbous flagellar base bearing peg-like basiconic sensilla and some coeloconic sensilla on surface. E. Two peg-like basiconic sensilla and some coeloconic sensilla on surface of expanded flagellar base. F–H. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. F. Maxillar stylet. G, H. Ten sensilla of two types (b1 and b2) of basiconic sensillum on lateral lobe of rostral apex. Abbreviations: b1 = type I basiconic sensillum with distinct longitudinal grooved surface; b2 = type II basiconic sensillum with smooth surface and the fine pits on surface; ba = basiconic sensillum; co = coeloconic sensillum; fb = expanded flagellar base; fl = flagellum; pe = pedicel; sc = scape." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256836/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs 3A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
); rostrum short, not passing trochanters of middle legs; forewings usually large, coriaceous, with venation indistinct, costal margin usually strong convex, widest about level of apex of scutellum, with apical angle acuminate; venation inconspicuous, M and Cu fused basally, with 3 preapical cells of similar width; legs relatively robust and short, posterior tibia short and stout, with two stout spines on lateral edge, the distal larger than the proximal, second segment of hind tarsus bilobed with median lobe usually longer than lateral lobe; male pygofer in lateral view short, cylindrical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581861FF2D175BFF09" box="[522,615,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,184,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1091]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. D. Genital capsule, lateral view. E. Subgenital plates, ventral view. F. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. H. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar =1.0 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256838/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581819FF2D1786FF09" box="[626,698,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1082,1106]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,196,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Philagra fuscofasciata sp. nov. Male genitalia.A. Genital capsule, lateral view. B. Genital capsule, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, dorsolateral view. D. Genital capsule, right lateroventral view. E. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, left lateral view. F. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, right lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft and genital styles, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256844/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">6A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE0642365818AEFF2D17D5FF09" box="[709,745,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1381,1405]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,493,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-141@9.[151,1436,489,1357]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Philagra straminea sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, lateral view. D. Subgenital plates, ventral view. E. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. F. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm in A, B, 0.5 mm in C, D and 0.25 mm in E–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256848/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
); anal segments and anal style elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581EDBFF2D1031FF09" box="[1200,1293,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,184,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1091]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. D. Genital capsule, lateral view. E. Subgenital plates, ventral view. F. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. H. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar =1.0 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256838/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581F73FF2D105CFF09" box="[1304,1376,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1082,1106]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,196,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Philagra fuscofasciata sp. nov. Male genitalia.A. Genital capsule, lateral view. B. Genital capsule, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, dorsolateral view. D. Genital capsule, right lateroventral view. E. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, left lateral view. F. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, right lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft and genital styles, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256844/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">6A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581F01FF2D10B2FF09" box="[1386,1422,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1381,1405]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,493,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-141@9.[151,1436,489,1357]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Philagra straminea sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, lateral view. D. Subgenital plates, ventral view. E. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. F. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm in A, B, 0.5 mm in C, D and 0.25 mm in E–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256848/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
); subgenital plates relatively large, narrow, acuminate, and elongate, base fully fused with pygofer, tapering from base to dorsally recurved apex, fully covering genital styles and aedeagus in ventral view, with a strong recurved process at apical margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581B30FEB114ECFE9D" box="[347,464,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,184,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1091]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. D. Genital capsule, lateral view. E. Subgenital plates, ventral view. F. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. H. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar =1.0 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256838/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs 4D,E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581BB7FEB11718FE9D" box="[476,548,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1082,1106]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,196,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Philagra fuscofasciata sp. nov. Male genitalia.A. Genital capsule, lateral view. B. Genital capsule, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, dorsolateral view. D. Genital capsule, right lateroventral view. E. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, left lateral view. F. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, right lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft and genital styles, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256844/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">6A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581844FEB11752FE9D" box="[559,622,295,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1381,1405]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,493,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-141@9.[151,1436,489,1357]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Philagra straminea sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, lateral view. D. Subgenital plates, ventral view. E. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. F. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm in A, B, 0.5 mm in C, D and 0.25 mm in E–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256848/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">7C,D</figureCitation>
|
||
); genital style elongate, usually forked or excavated apically, with upper edge subapically strongly excavated in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE06423658189DFEDD1657FEB9" box="[758,875,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,184,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1091]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. D. Genital capsule, lateral view. E. Subgenital plates, ventral view. F. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. H. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar =1.0 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256838/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs 4D,F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581912FEDD16E4FEB9" box="[889,984,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1082,1106]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,196,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Philagra fuscofasciata sp. nov. Male genitalia.A. Genital capsule, lateral view. B. Genital capsule, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, dorsolateral view. D. Genital capsule, right lateroventral view. E. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, left lateral view. F. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, right lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft and genital styles, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256844/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">6A,E–G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE06423658198CFEDD111FFEB9" box="[999,1059,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1381,1405]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,493,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-141@9.[151,1436,489,1357]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Philagra straminea sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, lateral view. D. Subgenital plates, ventral view. E. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. F. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm in A, B, 0.5 mm in C, D and 0.25 mm in E–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256848/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">7C,E</figureCitation>
|
||
); aedeagal shaft slender, tubular, moderately long, nearly perpendicular, apex usually with two spinose processes directed postero-ventrad; gonopore subapical dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581B1AFE0514D5FE71" box="[369,489,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1115,1139]" captionTargetBox="[159,1433,184,1087]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1091]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Philagra bimaculata sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, dorsal view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. D. Genital capsule, lateral view. E. Subgenital plates, ventral view. F. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. H. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar =1.0 mm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D–H." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256838/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Figs 4G,H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE064236581B9EFE051705FE71" box="[501,569,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1082,1106]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,196,1039]" captionTargetId="figure-23@8.[151,1436,181,1057]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Philagra fuscofasciata sp. nov. Male genitalia.A. Genital capsule, lateral view. B. Genital capsule, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, dorsolateral view. D. Genital capsule, right lateroventral view. E. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, left lateral view. F. Genital styles and aedeagal shaft, right lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft and genital styles, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256844" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256844/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">6E–G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="DBC646BE06423658182FFE051740FE71" box="[580,636,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1381,1405]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,493,1353]" captionTargetId="figure-141@9.[151,1436,489,1357]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Philagra straminea sp. nov. A. Head, pronotum and scutellum, lateral view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Genital capsule, lateral view. D. Subgenital plates, ventral view. E. Left genital style, ventrolateral view. F. Aedeagal shaft, lateral view. G. Aedeagal shaft, posterior view. Scale bar = 1 mm in A, B, 0.5 mm in C, D and 0.25 mm in E–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7256848" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7256848/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">7F,G</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0642365818F8FE05169DFE71" author="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G." box="[659,929,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="367 - 429" refId="ref7068" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G. (1934) The Cercopidae (Homoptera) of China. Lingnan Science Journal, 13, 367 - 429, pls. 37 - 43." type="journal article" year="1934">Metcalf & Horton 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0642365819C6FE05118EFE71" author="Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J." box="[941,1202,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="84 - 93" refId="ref6937" refString="Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J. (2003) Review of the Australian aphrophorid spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 42 (1), 84 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.2003.00330. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Liang & Fletcher 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0BE709B0064236581AACFE20147FFDC5" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="43425A3B064236581AACFE20147FFDC5" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581AACFE20141BFE0C" bold="true" box="[199,295,438,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
In common with most spittlebug groups, currently no biological data are available for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581EB7FE2110A1FE0D" box="[1244,1437,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581EB7FE21107CFE0D" box="[1244,1344,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Philagra</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The nymphs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581B27FE4D1735FE29" box="[332,521,475,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581B27FE4D148CFE29" box="[332,432,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Philagra</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produce conspicuous masses of cuckoo-spit on shrubs and small trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581F50FE4D140BFDC5" author="Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J." pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="84 - 93" refId="ref6937" refString="Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J. (2003) Review of the Australian aphrophorid spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 42 (1), 84 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.2003.00330. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Liang & Fletcher 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0BE709B0064236581AACFDB414CDFBA1" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="43425A3B064236581AACFDB4176AFDBD" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581AACFDB4145DFDE0" bold="true" box="[199,353,546,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3BEA1AAB064236581B00FDB5149BFDE1" box="[363,423,547,573]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3BEA1AAB064236581BDEFDB514C7FDE1" box="[437,507,547,573]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3BEA1AAB064236581862FDB51770FDE1" box="[521,588,547,573]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3BEA1AAB064236581831FDB517ECFDE1" box="[602,720,547,573]" name="Cambodia" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3BEA1AAB0642365818B5FDB5167CFDE1" box="[734,832,547,573]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3BEA1AAB064236581926FDB516BAFDE1" box="[845,902,547,573]" name="Laos" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3BEA1AAB0642365819FEFDB5113EFDE1" box="[917,1026,547,573]" name="Indonesia" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Batjan, Halmahera), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3BEA1AAB064236581F5DFDB510A1FDE1" box="[1334,1437,547,573]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581AF4FDD11406FDBD" author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[159,314,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refId="ref7034" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1962) General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle VII. Cercopoidea. Part 3. Aphrophoridae. Waverly, Baltimore, Maryland, 600 pp." type="book" year="1962">Metcalf 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581B2EFDD11776FDBD" author="Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J." box="[325,586,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="84 - 93" refId="ref6937" refString="Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J. (2003) Review of the Australian aphrophorid spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 42 (1), 84 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.2003.00330. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Liang & Fletcher 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="43425A3B064236581AACFDFD164CFC31" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581AACFDFD17A9FD59" bold="true" box="[199,661,618,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Notes on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C46E499064236581B0DFDFD14A5FD59" box="[358,409,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0642365818F5FDFD16ECFD59" author="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G." box="[670,976,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="367 - 429" refId="ref7068" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G. (1934) The Cercopidae (Homoptera) of China. Lingnan Science Journal, 13, 367 - 429, pls. 37 - 43." type="journal article" year="1934">Metcalf and Horton (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed the question of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C46E499064236581F78FDFD107FFD59" box="[1299,1347,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581AABFD191418FD75" box="[192,292,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581AABFD191418FD75" box="[192,292,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Philagra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. They regarded
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581BB4FD181794FD75" author="Stal, C." box="[479,680,654,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="571 - 603" refId="ref7135" refString="Stal, C. (1863) Hemipterorum exoticorum generum et specierum nonnullarum novarum descriptiones. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 1, 571 - 603." type="journal article" year="1863">Stål's (1863: 593)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B806423658193FFD191684FD75" box="[852,952,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7189862906423658193FFD191684FD75" box="[852,952,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Philagra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the creation of a new genus rather than a replacement name for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581BC1FD251752FD11" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1851" box="[426,622,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581BC1FD251728FD11" box="[426,532,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Chalepus</emphasis>
|
||
Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was preoccupied.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0642365819F9FD24112CFD11" author="Stal, C." box="[914,1040,690,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="571 - 603" refId="ref7135" refString="Stal, C. (1863) Hemipterorum exoticorum generum et specierum nonnullarum novarum descriptiones. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 1, 571 - 603." type="journal article" year="1863">Stål (1863)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
appeared to have been unaware of Walker's genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581B22FD41148FFD2D" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1851" box="[329,435,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581B22FD41148FFD2D" box="[329,435,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Chalepus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B806423658180BFD4117F8FD2D" box="[608,708,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7189862906423658180BFD4117F8FD2D" box="[608,708,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Philagra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new genus with two new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581EEEFD41103EFD2D" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1863" box="[1157,1282,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="douglasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581EEEFD41103EFD2D" box="[1157,1282,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">P. douglasi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581F57FD4110AAFD2C" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1863" box="[1340,1430,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotti">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581F57FD4110AAFD2C" box="[1340,1430,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">P. scotti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, neither of which was designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C46E499064236581843FD6D1764FCC9" box="[552,600,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0642365818D4FD6D16D2FCC9" author="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G." box="[703,1006,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="367 - 429" refId="ref7068" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G. (1934) The Cercopidae (Homoptera) of China. Lingnan Science Journal, 13, 367 - 429, pls. 37 - 43." type="journal article" year="1934">Metcalf and Horton (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
rightly pointed out that a
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C46E499064236581F7FFD6D1078FCC9" box="[1300,1348,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species for such a new genus needed to be designated from those species placed in the genus by the original author. As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581AFCFCD41429FC81" author="Stal, C." box="[151,277,834,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="571 - 603" refId="ref7135" refString="Stal, C. (1863) Hemipterorum exoticorum generum et specierum nonnullarum novarum descriptiones. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 1, 571 - 603." type="journal article" year="1863">Stål (1863)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had failed to designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C46E499064236581850FCD51757FC81" box="[571,619,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA0642365818B8FCD51139FC81" author="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G." box="[723,1029,835,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="367 - 429" refId="ref7068" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. & Horton, G. (1934) The Cercopidae (Homoptera) of China. Lingnan Science Journal, 13, 367 - 429, pls. 37 - 43." type="journal article" year="1934">Metcalf and Horton (1934)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
selected the first of the two species included in the genus by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581BC0FCF01714FC5D" author="Stal, C." box="[427,552,870,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="571 - 603" refId="ref7135" refString="Stal, C. (1863) Hemipterorum exoticorum generum et specierum nonnullarum novarum descriptiones. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, Series 3, 1, 571 - 603." type="journal article" year="1863">Stål (1863)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C46E49906423658181FFCF11794FC5D" box="[628,680,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. Other authors have followed
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA06423658199FFCF111A9FC5D" author="Distant, W. L." box="[1012,1173,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="1 - 501" refId="ref6398" refString="Distant, W. L. (1908) Rhynchota. Vol. IV. Homoptera and Appendix (Pt.). In: Bingham, C. T. (Ed.), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor and Francis, London, pp. i - xv + 1 - 501." type="book chapter" year="1908">Distant (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who selected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581F59FCF11471FC79" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581F59FCF115C8FC79" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Chalepus hastatus</emphasis>
|
||
Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C46E499064236581BC8FC1D14EFFC79" box="[419,467,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
on the assumption that Stål's name simply replaced Walker's preoccupied name but, as pointed out by Metcalf and Horton, this was not the case and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B80642365819E4FC391139FC15" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1851" box="[911,1029,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chalepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hastata">
|
||
<emphasis id="718986290642365819E4FC391139FC15" box="[911,1029,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">C. hastata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be considered available for designation as
|
||
<typeStatus id="9C46E499064236581B55FC451452FC31" box="[318,366,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581B80FC451657FC31" authority="(Liang & Fletcher 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Liang & Fletcher" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[491,875,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581B80FC451773FC31" box="[491,591,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Philagra</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581836FC451658FC31" author="Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J." box="[605,868,979,1005]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="84 - 93" refId="ref6937" refString="Liang, A. - P. & Fletcher, M. J. (2003) Review of the Australian aphrophorid spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae). Australian Journal of Entomology, 42 (1), 84 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.2003.00330. x" type="journal article" year="2003">Liang & Fletcher 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="43425A3B064236581AACFC6114CDFBA1" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581AACFC61144BFBCD" author="Schmidt, E." box="[199,375,1015,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="43 - 56" refId="ref7106" refString="Schmidt, E. (1920) Neue Zikaden von den Philippinen, Sumatra und Java (Rhynchota-Homoptera). Entomologische Zeitung, 81, 43 - 56." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt (1920)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
established the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581802FC6117EBFBCD" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1920" box="[617,727,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Philagrini">Philagrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
to accommodate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B80642365819CAFC611139FBCD" baseAuthorityName="Liang & Fletcher" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[929,1029,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="718986290642365819CAFC611139FBCD" box="[929,1029,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Philagra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Three genera,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581EDDFC611026FBCD" baseAuthorityName="Liang & Fletcher" baseAuthorityYear="2003" box="[1206,1306,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Philagra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581EDDFC611026FBCD" box="[1206,1306,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Philagra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581F43FC611413FBE9" authority="Walker, 1870" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1870" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Interocrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581F43FC6110A0FBCC" box="[1320,1436,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Interocrea</emphasis>
|
||
Walker, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581B00FB8D17A9FBE9" authority="Schmidt, 1920" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1920" box="[363,661,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" genus="Grellaphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71898629064236581B00FB8D14D9FBE9" box="[363,485,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="171">Grellaphia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581B84FB8D17A9FBE9" author="Schmidt, E." box="[495,661,1051,1077]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" pagination="43 - 56" refId="ref7106" refString="Schmidt, E. (1920) Neue Zikaden von den Philippinen, Sumatra und Java (Rhynchota-Homoptera). Entomologische Zeitung, 81, 43 - 56." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were included in the world catalogue of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581E98FB8D1477FB85" authority="(Metcalf, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Metcalf" baseAuthorityYear="1962" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Aphrophoridae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="276C27CA064236581AF4FBA9147EFB85" author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[159,322,1087,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" refId="ref7034" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. (1962) General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle VII. Cercopoidea. Part 3. Aphrophoridae. Waverly, Baltimore, Maryland, 600 pp." type="book" year="1962">Metcalf, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="84FD21B8064236581B3DFBA914F8FB85" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1920" box="[342,452,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Aphrophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Philagrini">Philagrini</taxonomicName>
|
||
is obviously not a monophyletic group and the phylogenetic position of the tribe needs to be investigated cladistically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |