163 lines
22 KiB
XML
163 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="22D2AF378864ECB3AE03C9D82956AC59">Taxonomy of Afrotropical and West Palaearctic ants of the ponerine genus Hypoponera Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CB070162120DE5AD531E3E1E81410467" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6191038" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100115011" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6191038" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB070162120DE5AD531E3E1E81410467" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB070162120DE5AD531E3E1E81410467" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="BCEB50F3652BB2B9D9501B63EA67EB1D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai bulawayensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulawayensis">Hypoponera bulawayensis (Forel)</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D53921D857EAA2C78526F159C9061428" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">stat. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="31E5FDD4B36BFFF83FD015CF49CB9207" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D2AF59A05D5240B97363425D637C8A8C" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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(Figs 13
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15)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6601E8DD1D89FCA9DAF6EB0FB18F2C8E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="BD0FD99363FFC01A946489A6CDD5931B" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="C3946F7166C368F249913E2F3F1B713B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:178980" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ragusai bulawayensis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="ragusai" subSpecies="bulawayensis">Ponera ragusai st. bulawayensis Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1913a: 203. Holotype worker, ZIMBABWE: Bulawayo, 23.iii.13, no. 158 (G. A r n o ld) (MHNG) [examined].
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6F3143494407B1BE720EE12BEE56EFED" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stat. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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[Combination in
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<taxonomicName id="92A64CF36CAF50687A52F670DE33BE64" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
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: Bolton, 1995: 213.]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9B04306E2F9070CEDDA19EA0F2F1976D" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A8460779341CEFC26D8C703B8A86D907" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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WORKER. Measurements: HL 0.54
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0.55, HW 0.40
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<normalizedToken id="5F4BC99FE03F7AC33051EA53B3F84A4B" originalValue="–" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">-</normalizedToken>
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0.41, HS 0.475
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0.480, SL 0.36
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<normalizedToken id="45DF643E6D94891601C22BDE65AAE744" originalValue="–" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">-</normalizedToken>
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0.37, PrW 0.29
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0.32, WL 0.72 (WL of holotype not measurable because head plus propleuron, prosternum and forelegs are detached as a unit and glued down so that they are partially on top of the pronotum), HFL 0.33
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<normalizedToken id="01D35472194457D1AAFC154258319A57" originalValue="–" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">-</normalizedToken>
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0.34, PeNL 0.20, PeH 0.30, PeNW 0.22, PeS 0.240 (2 measured). Indices: CI 73
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<normalizedToken id="F51E1118633ACC358BFD9AADFE9B1F0C" originalValue="–" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">-</normalizedToken>
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76, SI 90, PeNI 70
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76, LPeI 67, DPeI 110.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE1FF5B81B123F65A3ACFE46B382EB4F" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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Eyes absent. Scape relatively long (SI 90) but when laid straight back from its insertion in full-face view its apex distinctly fails to reach the midpoint of the posterior margin; SL/HL 0.65
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0.69. Funiculus distinctly with 5 enlarging apical segments. Reticulate-punctate sculpture of cephalic dorsum fine and dense. Pronotal dorsum with minute superficial punctulae, almost smooth, obviously less strongly and densely sculptured than cephalic dorsum. Mesonotum and dorsum of propodeum almost smooth, shiny and almost entirely devoid of punctulae. No trace of metanotal groove on dorsum of mesosoma. Mesonotal-mesopleural suture absent from side of mesosoma. Propodeum rounded between declivity and side. Posterior surface of petiole node without short cuticular ridges that radiate from just above the peduncle. Node of petiole in profile distinctly stout-nodiform, relatively long and low. Anterior and posterior faces of node in profile slightly convergent to almost parallel; length of node just above the anterior tubercle is slightly greater than length of dorsum; dorsal surface is very weakly convex. Subpetiolar process simple, with a shallow, obtuse ventral angle but without a sharply defined ventral tooth or prominent acute
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<pageBreakToken id="C5E9BF1CF766A98C3BD6CE1CFCE413D2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">angle</pageBreakToken>
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. In dorsal view petiole node relatively long, only 10 percent broader than long (DPeI 110), with posterior face transverse; sides and anterior face form a single thickly D-shaped convex surface, with the sides slightly convergent anteriorly. Maximum width of first gastral tergite in dorsal view 0.36; width of second gastral tergite at its midlength 0.38
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0.40. Cross-ribs present at base of cinctus of second gastral tergite. Sides of second gastral tergite in dorsal view almost straight. Midline length of second gastral posttergite, from posterior margin of cinctus to apex, is equal to the maximum width of the segment. Disc of second gastral tergite finely microreticulate. First and second gastral tergites dorsally pubescent and with a number of very short standing setae that project just above the level of the pubescence. Full adult colour yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B97334413F34677DD8F4CAECA180C6E0" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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The relatively long, low petiole node is characteristic of
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<taxonomicName id="BB7F782B41A9D1C3047909C3635E2BD4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai bulawayensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulawayensis">bulawayensis</taxonomicName>
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. In section 1 of the
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<taxonomicName id="7315D47611AFB964CAA92E8381C2AEB0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138763" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera abeillei André" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abeillei">abeillei</taxonomicName>
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group the
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<taxonomicName id="18E690EA1E403D411193C1D4ADCB3352" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai bulawayensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulawayensis">bulawayensis</taxonomicName>
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LPeI 67 is approached only by
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<taxonomicName id="7365EE272BEC79F0653F684FB5DB36E7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29447" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera angustata (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustata">angustata</taxonomicName>
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, for which a maximum LPeI of 70 has been recorded. In all others the node in profile is much taller and shorter from front to back, with a combined range of LPeI 37
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59. H.
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<taxonomicName id="A14EB299F6C30C0CB1C933AD9168E97C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29447" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera angustata (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustata">angustata</taxonomicName>
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is not likely to be confused with
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<taxonomicName id="795E73F41F402CCEBF820B077F7D5372" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai bulawayensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulawayensis">bulawayensis</taxonomicName>
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, as the former has shorter scapes, SI 71
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79, and conspicuously has only four enlarged apical funicular segments, as opposed to SI 90 and five enlarging funicular segments in
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<taxonomicName id="7F2C74715A8E5A9D44BEDB55F10E037E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai bulawayensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulawayensis">bulawayensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B15C586870E69072AF6BC6A287A75D7A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph id="8768DF36716844D48A4958AC415F9E84" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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FIGURES 13
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<normalizedToken id="BDADF5EC143057A44F693A81755C736A" originalValue="–" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">-</normalizedToken>
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15. Lateral, full face and dorsal view of body.
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<taxonomicName id="9495EAA457C2CFBB2954DC103759D408" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai bulawayensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulawayensis">Hypoponera bulawayensis</taxonomicName>
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worker CASENT0192424.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="C40B717DA74D178FBFF7826CFA5C6456" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<pageBreakToken id="888D790B5BFB27E176DCACE919AB557C" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">In</pageBreakToken>
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dorsal view the petiole node of
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<taxonomicName id="1B96DC28873480AD7F4CDCDE7572679D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai bulawayensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulawayensis">bulawayensis</taxonomicName>
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has DPeI 110, very long in proportion to its width. This is approached only by
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<taxonomicName id="F126365C0066D946AA5F619E9B76619F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298366" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera regis Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regis">regis</taxonomicName>
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(DPeI 100),
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<taxonomicName id="00048A82646834E80387713663475523" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29447" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera angustata (Santschi)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustata">angustata</taxonomicName>
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(DPeI 100
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125) and
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<taxonomicName id="8E93B9E5E0D3E764CD6224CA98F88213" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298362" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera perparva Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perparva">perparva</taxonomicName>
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(DPeI 108
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<normalizedToken id="E49C2CAAEEB7EEBB9EA10C90FD503268" originalValue="–" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">-</normalizedToken>
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120). Of these,
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<taxonomicName id="C11298E518D9719F21C023F62A5C6D55" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:298366" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera regis Bolton & Fisher" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regis">regis</taxonomicName>
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is easily separated by the characters in the key while the last two are smaller species (HW 0.35 or less) and as noted above the first has only four conspicuously enlarged apical funicular segments. Also, both these small species have scapes that are relatively markedly shorter, SI 71
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<normalizedToken id="9EBFA649AC12208DD0D65561A401E318" originalValue="–" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">-</normalizedToken>
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80, as opposed to SI 90 in
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<taxonomicName id="7E6E1289C950FA4376E80B24C09FC663" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai bulawayensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulawayensis">bulawayensis</taxonomicName>
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. Discounting these three species, the remainder of section 1 of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="723FA7E7B8179A7A428662362DC21D61" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138763" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera abeillei André" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abeillei">abeillei</taxonomicName>
|
||
group shows a combined DPeI of 133
|
||
<normalizedToken id="19D8B0A68CD4036F81D21605431908B1" originalValue="–" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">-</normalizedToken>
|
||
187, far exceeding bulawayensis. As frequently happened in the early taxonomy of Afrotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="79941337BC5EDB00284030A68720AB04" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24837" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera Santschi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypoponera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22B79EE58972632A79A8DA6244ECE955" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:149906" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Hypoponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Hypoponera ragusai bulawayensis (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulawayensis">bulawayensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally associated with a species to which it is not actually related, in this case
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB87A3EC0321391ABA9DE7D8A2E5A40D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:138903" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Ponera" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Ponera ragusai Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ragusai">ragusai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7877779A5E72E5951066A818A2BA5F8" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1CB550D5699F97261113F8870163D187" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Only two specimens, from widely separated localities, are known. Both have exactly the same petiole measurements, SI, LPeI and DPeI. With the petiole node in profile the Tanzania specimen has its anterior and posterior faces slightly more convergent dorsally than in the holotype and its PrW is slightly greater, resulting in a slightly lower PeNI.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDE94BD090EBC6CAF2CB46C5F7DEE7CA" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="35CBA71C45B34E7B2D60191AA86751A4" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material examined. Zimbabwe: Bulawayo (G. Arnold). Ta n z a n i a: Pwani Reg., Mlola For., Mafia I. (Hawkes, Mlacha & Ninga).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |