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<mods:title id="1F90829A84E400B082F14104E7CF2CB3">Taxonomic notes on owlflies from Pakistan (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae Ascalaphinae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="F62FB813FFBA4163FF3C20174877F8E5" blockId="32.[151,571,1830,1858]" box="[151,571,1830,1858]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
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<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBA4163FF3C20174877F8E5" bold="true" box="[151,571,1830,1858]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBA4163FF4520174877F8E5" ID-CoL="7Q6H" ID-ENA="2028925" authority="Lefebvre, 1842" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[238,571,1830,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suhpalacsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBA4163FF4520174B36F8E6" bold="true" box="[238,378,1831,1858]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Suhpalacsa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBA4163FE2920164877F8E5" author="Lefebvre, A." box="[386,571,1830,1857]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref26888" refString="Lefebvre, A. (1842) Le genre Ascalaphus Fabr. Guerin-Meneville, 4, 1 - 10. [BotN ref # 3666]" type="journal article" year="1842">Lefèbvre, 1842</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BE8AEB98FFBA4163FF3C205C4B6BF844" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F62FB813FFBA4163FF3C205C4B78F806" blockId="32.[151,1437,1900,2016]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D6809F3DFFBA4163FF3C205C4B78F806" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<treatmentCitation id="77319E02FFBA4163FF3C205C4B80F827" author="Lefebvre, A." box="[151,460,1900,1924]" page="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1842">
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBA4163FF3C205C4B80F827" ID-CoL="7Q6H" authority="Lefebvre, 1842: 7" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityPageNumber="7" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,460,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suhpalacsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBA4163FF3C205C4B40F820" box="[151,268,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Suhpalacsa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBA4163FEB8205C4B80F827" author="Lefebvre, A." box="[275,460,1900,1924]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref26888" refString="Lefebvre, A. (1842) Le genre Ascalaphus Fabr. Guerin-Meneville, 4, 1 - 10. [BotN ref # 3666]" type="journal article" year="1842">Lefèbvre, 1842: 7</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<typeStatus id="292B06B1FFBA4163FE7C205C4845F820" box="[471,521,1900,1924]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<treatmentCitation id="77319E02FFBA4163FDCC205C49ADF820" author="Leach, W. E." box="[615,993,1900,1924]" page="48" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1814">
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBA4163FDCC205C49ADF820" ID-CoL="H532" authority="Leach, 1814: 48" authorityName="Leach" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1814" box="[615,993,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBA4163FDCC205C497EF820" box="[615,818,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Ascalaphus flavipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBA4163FC92205C49ADF820" author="Leach, W. E." box="[825,993,1900,1924]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refId="ref26835" refString="Leach, W. E. (1814) Zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals. Vol. 1. Printed by B. McMillan for E. Nodder &amp; Son and sold by all booksellers, London, 144 pp. [BotN ref # 3656]" type="book" year="1814">Leach, 1814: 48</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. Subsequent designation by van der Weele, 1908: 158.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F62FB813FFBA4163FF3C20994B6BF844" blockId="32.[151,1437,1900,2016]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBA4163FF3C20994AACF864" box="[151,224,1961,1984]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Ceraus</emphasis>
Navás, [1901] 19001901: 95.
<typeStatus id="292B06B1FFBA4163FD8920994818F865" box="[546,596,1961,1985]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBA4163FD1A20994E64F865" ID-CoL="H532" authority="Leach, 1814: 48" authorityName="Leach" authorityPageNumber="48" authorityYear="1814" box="[689,1064,1961,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Ascalaphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBA4163FD1A20994937F865" box="[689,891,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Ascalaphus flavipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBA4163FC2920994E64F865" author="Leach, W. E." box="[898,1064,1961,1985]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refId="ref26835" refString="Leach, W. E. (1814) Zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals. Vol. 1. Printed by B. McMillan for E. Nodder &amp; Son and sold by all booksellers, London, 144 pp. [BotN ref # 3656]" type="book" year="1814">Leach, 1814: 48</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBA4163FAE220994B6FF844" author="Oswald, J. D." pageId="32" pageNumber="433" pagination="89 - 92" refId="ref28270" refString="Oswald, J. D. (1988) Remarks on the taxonomy of three recently discovered generic nomina oblita in the family Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera). Neuroptera International, 5, 89 - 92. [BotN ref # 5030]" type="journal article" year="1988">Oswald, 1988: 91</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BE8AEB98FFBB4162FF3C27A6491EFD99" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F62FB813FFBB4162FF3C27A64A84FEC1" blockId="33.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FF3C27A64B5EFF14" bold="true" box="[151,274,150,176]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBB4162FEB127A74BF4FF15" author="Ghosh, S. K." box="[282,440,151,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="163 - 191" refId="ref26134" refString="Ghosh, S. K. (1988) Contribution to the taxonomical studies of Neuroptera (suborder Planipennia) from eastern India. II. Family Ascalaphidae. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 85, 163 - 191. [BotN ref # 9656]" type="journal article" year="1988">Ghosh (1988)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBB4162FE6E27A74801FF15" author="New, T. R." box="[453,589,151,177]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref28030" refString="New, T. R. (2003) The Neuroptera (Insecta) of Malesia. Fauna Malesiana. Vol. 4. Brill, Leiden, viii + 204 pp. [BotN ref # 10897]" type="book" year="2003">New (2003)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBB4162FD2D27A84901FF15" author="Abraham, L." box="[646,845,151,179]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="69 - 76" refId="ref25369" refString="Abraham, L. (2008 a) Ascalaphid studies VI. New genus and species from Asia with comments on genus Suhpalacsa (Neuroptera: Ascalaphidae). Somogyi Muzeumok Kozlemenyei, 18, 69 - 76. [# 1 - 10, BotN ref # 14315]" type="journal article" year="2008">Ábrahám (2008a)</bibRefCitation>
used the comparative length and width of fore- and hind wing, and the length and width of pterostigma to differentiate the genus from the closely related genus
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FAE6278B4B99FF5D" authority="van der Weele, 1909" authorityName="van der Weele" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suphalomitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FAE6278B4AA5FF5D" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Suphalomitus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBB4162FF5B27EF4B99FF5D" author="van der Weele, H. W." box="[240,469,223,249]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref29095" refString="van der Weele, H. W. (1909) Ascalaphiden. Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif, 8, 1 - 326. [BotN ref # 420]" type="journal article" year="1909">van der Weele, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, the pterostigma is as long as wide (in
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FC6F27EF4E09FF5D" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[964,1093,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suhpalacsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FC6F27EF4E09FF5D" box="[964,1093,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Suhpalacsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or longer, about twice as long as wide (
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FF5026334BDFFEB9" authorityName="van der Weele" authorityYear="1909" box="[251,403,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suphalomitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FF5026334BDFFEB9" box="[251,403,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Suphalomitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); hind wing wider (
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FDD926334946FEB9" authorityName="van der Weele" authorityYear="1909" box="[626,778,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suphalomitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FDD926334946FEB9" box="[626,778,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Suphalomitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or shorter than forewing (
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FB9326334EF5FEB9" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[1080,1209,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suhpalacsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FB9326334EF5FEB9" box="[1080,1209,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Suhpalacsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); hind wing slightly shorter than forewing (
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FE3126174857FEE5" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[410,539,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suhpalacsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FE3126174857FEE5" box="[410,539,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Suhpalacsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or relatively short, not extending beyond pterostigma in forewing (
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FAB026174AF4FEC0" authorityName="van der Weele" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suphalomitus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FAB026174AF4FEC0" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Suphalomitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F62FB813FFBB4162FF6C265F491EFD99" blockId="33.[151,1437,150,573]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FF6C265F4B4AFE2D" bold="true" box="[199,262,367,393]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Note.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FEA4265F4BDCFE2D" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[271,400,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suhpalacsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FEA4265F4BDCFE2D" box="[271,400,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Suhpalacsa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
currently includes 37 described species distributed in the Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental and Australian regions (
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBB4162FE0926A348DCFE09" author="Machado, R. J. P. &amp; Gillung, J. P. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D." box="[418,656,403,429]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" pagination="418 - 450" refId="ref26990" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. [BotN ref # 18370] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334" type="journal article" year="2019">
Machado
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FDBF26A34800FE09" box="[532,588,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). It currently includes a single species,
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FBE226A34F5EFE09" authority="Banks" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1914" box="[1097,1298,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suhpalacsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orsedice">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FBE226A34E89FE09" box="[1097,1221,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">S. orsedice</emphasis>
Banks
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FFBB4162FA9D26A34FD5FE09" box="[1334,1433,403,429]" name="Pakistan" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FFBB4162FF3C26874B32FE75" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1914" box="[151,382,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Suhpalacsa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orsedice">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FFBB4162FF3C26874B32FE75" box="[151,382,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Suhpalacsa orsedice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was firstly reported in
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FFBB4162FD28268748AEFE75" box="[643,738,439,465]" name="Pakistan" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FFBB4162FCA7268749E1FE75" author="Sziraki, G." box="[780,941,439,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" refId="ref28610" refString="Sziraki, G. (2000) Data to the knowledge of the Asian Ascalaphidae (Neuroptera), with description of a new subspecies. Folia Entomologica Hungarica Rovartania Kozlemenyek, 87 - 93. [BotN ref # 9872]" type="journal volume" year="2000">Sziráki (2000)</bibRefCitation>
from the northern parts (Islamabad Capital) based on Ascalaphid collections housed at the Hungarian Natural History Museum,
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FFBB4162FB9E26EB4ED5FE51" box="[1077,1177,475,501]" name="Hungary" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Hungary</collectingCountry>
.
<materialsCitation id="46F8B24EFFBB4162FB0A26EB4902FD99" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3127534321" country="Pakistan" location="Pakistan" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1">
Although, we have not examined this species in the aforementioned depository (
<specimenCount id="E096739AFFBB4162FCA726CF49FEFDBD" box="[780,946,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FFBB4162FC5F26CF4E1BFDBD" box="[1012,1111,511,537]" name="Pakistan" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="E096739AFFBB4162FBCB26CF4EE6FDBD" box="[1120,1194,511,537]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="E096739AFFBB4162FB7526CF4F0CFDBE" box="[1246,1344,511,538]" pageId="33" pageNumber="434" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
) and we did not find any specimens in the present study from
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FFBB4162FD4025134902FD99" box="[747,846,547,573]" name="Pakistan" pageId="33" pageNumber="434">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>