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<mods:title id="77027ED189994F321164A61645279B96">Taxonomic notes on owlflies from Pakistan (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae Ascalaphinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B821A7FC8B22B4F343C7565AF7FA0158">Hassan, Muhammad Asghar</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFF34229648DBFA64" bold="true" box="[159,663,1446,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFF5D229648DBFA64" ID-CoL="6XK3" ID-ENA="1565308" authority="van der Weele, 1909" authorityName="van der Weele" authorityYear="1909" box="[246,663,1446,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Protidricerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFF5D22964BDAFA65" bold="true" box="[246,406,1446,1473]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Protidricerus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF86415FFE36229748DBFA64" author="van der Weele, H. W." box="[413,663,1446,1473]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref29095" refString="van der Weele, H. W. (1909) Ascalaphiden. Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif, 8, 1 - 326. [BotN ref # 420]" type="journal article" year="1909">van der Weele, 1909</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="77319E02FF86415FFF3C22DB4852F9A7" author="van der Weele, H. W." box="[151,542,1515,1539]" page="61" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" year="1909">
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFF3C22DB4852F9A7" ID-CoL="6XK3" authority="van der Weele, 1909: 61" authorityName="van der Weele" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,542,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Protidricerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFF3C22DB4B53F9A7" box="[151,287,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Protidricerus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF86415FFE8E22DC4852F9A7" author="van der Weele, H. W." box="[293,542,1515,1539]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 326" refId="ref29095" refString="van der Weele, H. W. (1909) Ascalaphiden. Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif, 8, 1 - 326. [BotN ref # 420]" type="journal article" year="1909">van der Weele, 1909: 61</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<typeStatus id="292B06B1FF86415FFD8C22DC4815F9A0" box="[551,601,1516,1540]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<treatmentCitation id="77319E02FF86415FFD1D22DB4E72F9A7" author="McLachlan, R." box="[694,1086,1515,1539]" page="424" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" year="1894">
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFD1D22DB4E72F9A7" ID-CoL="6N5FZ" authority="McLachlan, 1894: 424" authorityName="McLachlan" authorityPageNumber="424" authorityYear="1894" box="[694,1086,1515,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Idricerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exilis">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFD1D22DB4902F9A7" box="[694,846,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Idricerus exilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF86415FFCFE22DB4E72F9A7" author="McLachlan, R." box="[853,1086,1515,1539]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="514 - 517" refId="ref27598" refString="McLachlan, R. (1894) Two new species of Myrmeleonidae from Madagascar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 13, 514 - 517. [BotN ref # 3928] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939408677745" type="journal article" year="1894">McLachlan, 1894: 424</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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. Original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="BE8AEB98FF86415FFF3C211C4823F916" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F62FB813FF86415FFF3C211C4823F916" blockId="28.[151,1437,1580,2002]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFF3C211C4B5EF9E2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1580,1606]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFEB0211C4BFDF9E2" box="[283,433,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Protidricerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFEB0211C4BFDF9E2" box="[283,433,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Protidricerus</emphasis>
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can be characterized by its entire-eyes, unlike other members of the tribe
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFAA4211C4FD4F9E2" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[1295,1432,1580,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ascalaphini">Ascalaphini</taxonomicName>
, which have eyes that are split by a transverse furrow. The species are generally dark grey or black, with hyaline wings, the anal area of the forewing with weakly or distinctly produced triangular projection and the apical area beyond Sc+R vein has three rows of cells.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BE8AEB98FF86415FFF6C218C4804F876" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F62FB813FF86415FFF6C218C4804F876" blockId="28.[151,1437,1580,2002]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFF6C218C4B4AF972" bold="true" box="[199,262,1724,1750]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Note.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF86415FFEA4218D4BEDF972" author="Jones, J. R." box="[271,417,1724,1751]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="761 - 782" refId="ref26429" refString="Jones, J. R. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the owlflies (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae) supports a new higher-level classification. Zoologica Scripta, 48, 761 - 782. [BotN ref # 18757] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12382" type="journal article" year="2019">Jones (2019)</bibRefCitation>
remarked that the traditional concept of entire or divided-eye is no longer the distinctive characteristics to differentiate between
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFDFD21D04890F95E" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[598,732,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ascalaphini">Ascalaphini</taxonomicName>
&amp;
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFCAF21D049EDF95E" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1853" box="[772,929,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplogleniini">Haplogleniini</taxonomicName>
, as the genus
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFBED21D04E90F95E" box="[1094,1244,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Protidricerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFBED21D04E90F95E" box="[1094,1244,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Protidricerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits the distinctive feature of well-developed pleurostoma, a small facial sclerite previously only encountered in divided‐eye owlflies. Although we followed the new classification system proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF86415FFC4420184EA0F8E6" author="Machado, R. J. P. &amp; Gillung, J. P. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D." box="[1007,1260,1832,1858]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="418 - 450" refId="ref26990" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. [BotN ref # 18370] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334" type="journal article" year="2019">
Machado
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFBF420194ED5F8E6" box="[1119,1177,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
for our present manuscript, the exact placement of this genus in the tribe
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFCB2207C49FFF8C2" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1853" box="[793,947,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplogleniini">Haplogleniini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF86415FFC6A207C4E0EF8C2" author="Jones, J. R." box="[961,1090,1868,1894]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" refId="ref26370" refString="Jones, J. R. (2014) Taxonomic revisions of six genera of entire-eyed owlflies (Ascalaphidae: Haplogleniinae), and first largescale phylogeny of the owlflies. Ph. D. dissertation, Texas A &amp; M University, College Station, Texas, xiv + 1088 pp. [BotN ref # 15994]" type="book" year="2014">Jones 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF86415FFBE6207C4ECBF8C2" author="Jones, J. R." box="[1101,1159,1868,1894]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="761 - 782" refId="ref26429" refString="Jones, J. R. (2019) Total-evidence phylogeny of the owlflies (Neuroptera, Ascalaphidae) supports a new higher-level classification. Zoologica Scripta, 48, 761 - 782. [BotN ref # 18757] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zsc. 12382" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
) or
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFB1A207C4F7BF8C2" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[1201,1335,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ascalaphini">Ascalaphini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF86415FFAEE207C4B7CF82E" author="Machado, R. J. P. &amp; Gillung, J. P. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D." pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="418 - 450" refId="ref26990" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. [BotN ref # 18370] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334" type="journal article" year="2019">
Machado
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFF1220414ABDF82E" box="[185,241,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
) remains uncertain and must be resolved in future studies.
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFC1120404E1CF82E" box="[954,1104,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" genus="Protidricerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFC1120404E1CF82E" box="[954,1104,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Protidricerus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only entire-eyed owlfly genus in the tribe
<taxonomicName id="3190C390FF86415FFEF120A44BACF80A" authorityName="Lefebvre" authorityYear="1842" box="[346,480,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Ascalaphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Ascalaphini">Ascalaphini</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="8E87F883FF86415FFDAA20A44828F80A" box="[513,612,1940,1966]" name="Pakistan" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
. It includes seven described species that are distributed in the Central, East and South Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="9201C5E2FF86415FFEE420884870F876" author="Machado, R. J. P. &amp; Gillung, J. P. &amp; Winterton, S. L. &amp; Garzon-Orduna, I. J. &amp; Lemmon, A. R. &amp; Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D." box="[335,572,1976,2002]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="418 - 450" refId="ref26990" refString="Machado, R. J. P., Gillung, J. P., Winterton, S. L., Garzon-Orduna, I. J., Lemmon, A. R., Lemmon, E. M. &amp; Oswald, J. D. (2019) Owlflies are derived antlions: anchored phylogenomics supports a new phylogeny and classification of Myrmeleontidae (Neuroptera). Systematic Entomology, 44, 418 - 450. [BotN ref # 18370] https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12334" type="journal article" year="2019">
Machado
<emphasis id="C4E46401FF86415FFE6B20894BB5F876" box="[448,505,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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