plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/4B/A3/F3/4BA3F3DD0BC859273DEC4F637CCC0E42.xml
maintenance f8962a6d73 added 4B
2024-06-21 12:35:44 +02:00

275 lines
33 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8347159-0e7f-4951-9212-5a3bc41ceb15" ID-PMC="PMC4304016" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-471-1" ID-PubMed="25632245" ID-ZBK="9068F500995E4D1893A4A79ECB9A4ABB" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-471-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 471" ModsDocTitle="Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780–1857), Turin" checkinTime="1451244849908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rosa, Paolo &amp; Xu, Zai-fu" docDate="2015" docId="4BA3F3DD0BC859273DEC4F637CCC0E42" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 471: 1-96" docOrigin="ZooKeys 471" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558" docTitle="Hedychrum rutilans Dahlbom 1854" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FF692F5EFFC5FFDDFFE1FFC7FFFF7D1B" masterDocTitle="Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1668159800154" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Maximilian Spinola (1780 - 1857), Turin</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rosa, Paolo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xu, Zai-fu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>471</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>96</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.471.6558</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-471-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">9068F500995E4D1893A4A79ECB9A4ABB</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9068F500995E4D1893A4A79ECB9A4ABB</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152057590" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4BA3F3DD0BC859273DEC4F637CCC0E42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4BA3F3DD0BC859273DEC4F637CCC0E42" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="multiple">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<pageBreakToken pageId="43" pageNumber="44" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
classification Animalia Hymenoptera Chrysididae
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName authority="Dahlbom, 1854" authorityName="Dahlbom" authorityYear="1854" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans Dahlbom, 1854</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue Borealia, formis typicis nonnullis, specierum generumve exoticorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta ab Adrea Gustavo Dahlbom. Chrysis in sensu Linneano" year="1854">Dahlbom 1854</bibRefCitation>
: 76.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="type locality">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">&quot;Habitat in Anglia, Germania, Gallia, Hispania, passim&quot;.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="material">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Syntypes 2 ♂♂, ♀.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
, Meg. var. c, Dhlbm. -
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum regium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regium">Hedychrum regium</taxonomicName>
, Lep. Liguria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
Catalogue Casolari &amp; Casolari Moreno.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
, 186, 145, 0, 3 (box 50).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Nicolai, Berlin" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="Hymenoptera Europaea praecipue Borealia, formis typicis nonnullis, specierum generumve exoticorum propter nexum systematicum associatis, per familias, genera, species et varietates disposita atque descripta ab Adrea Gustavo Dahlbom. Chrysis in sensu Linneano" year="1854">Dahlbom (1854)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
based on a syntype series subdivided into three varieties (var. a, var. b, var. c). The syntypes listed by Dahlbom are housed in the following museums:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
var. a: NHMW (teste Kollar), MNHU (teste Klug), ZMUC (teste Drewsen);
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
var. b: MNHU (teste Klug);
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
var. c: MRSN (Spinola coll., &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum regium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regium">Hedychrum regium</taxonomicName>
Pellet. secund. Spin. in litt.&quot; e &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
Mus. Spinolae&quot;). These syntypes are still housed in the listed museums.
<bibRefCitation author="Morgan, D" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British insects, Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 37" title="Cuckoo-Wasps Hymenoptera, Chrysididae." volume="6" year="1984">Morgan (1984</bibRefCitation>
: 10) designated the lectotype on a specimen collected by Zeller and housed in the Dahlbom Collection at LZM. This specimen is labelled: &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
Megerl. Dahl. var. a&quot;. According to the Art. 74.2 of the Code this specimen is not a syntype, therefore it loses its status of lectotype.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
The name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">
<pageBreakToken pageId="44" pageNumber="45" start="start">Hedychrum</pageBreakToken>
rutilans
</taxonomicName>
is a matter of conflict between entomologists. The history of the names
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
is long and complicated.
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 232" title="Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung der europaeischen Spezies." volume="32" year="1959">Linsenmaier (1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 144" title="Revision der Familie Chrysididae (Hymenoptera). Zweiter Nachtrag." volume="41" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="245 - 300" title="Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)." volume="18" year="1997 a">1997a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Veroeffentlichungen aus dem Natur-Museum Luzern" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="1 - 140" title="Die Goldwespen der Schweiz." volume="9" year="1997 b">1997b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation pageId="44" pageNumber="45">1999</bibRefCitation>
) used the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1845, instead of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1854, as many other authors did in the past. In various European collections, specimens belonging to this species are still found under the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
. Many entomologists, in fact, still follow
<normalizedToken originalValue="Linsenmaier’s">Linsenmaier's</normalizedToken>
interpretation. Linsemaier never accepted the synonymy proposed by
<bibRefCitation author="Morgan, D" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British insects, Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 37" title="Cuckoo-Wasps Hymenoptera, Chrysididae." volume="6" year="1984">Morgan (1984</bibRefCitation>
: 8) and that was accepted by
<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="University Press, New York" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The Chrysidid Wasps of the World." year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation author="Morgan, D" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British insects, Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 37" title="Cuckoo-Wasps Hymenoptera, Chrysididae." volume="6" year="1984">Morgan (1984)</bibRefCitation>
, in fact, discovered that the holotype of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Holopyga</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, Morgan did not provide any further information on the species nor in which museum he examined this type. After an extensive tour in the European museums, we found out that the type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
is housed in LZM.
<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="University Press, New York" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The Chrysidid Wasps of the World." year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart (1991</bibRefCitation>
: 232) wrote that they examined this holotype at MNHN, and later
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="245 - 300" title="Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)." volume="18" year="1997 a">Linsenmaier (1997a)</bibRefCitation>
argued that
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dufour’s">Dufour's</normalizedToken>
specimens are housed at MNHN. After studying all relevant type material at MNHN and after having conducted an extensive literature survey, we are confident in writing that not one specimen labelled &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga intermedia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">Holopyga intermedia</taxonomicName>
Gall. Dufour&quot;,&quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga intermedia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">Holopyga intermedia</taxonomicName>
&quot; or &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
&quot; is housed at MNHN. In the &quot;General collection&quot; in MNHN there are two specimens labelled &quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
&quot; and &quot;Coll. Dufour 1834&quot;. These two specimens had not been studied by Morgan, yet they were listed by
<bibRefCitation author="Buysson, R du" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" pagination="518 - 580" title="Etude des Chrysidides du Museum de Paris." volume="66" year="1898">du Buysson (1898</bibRefCitation>
: 521) and mentioned as possible &quot;types&quot; by
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="245 - 300" title="Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)." volume="18" year="1997 a">Linsenmaier (1997a)</bibRefCitation>
, since their labels match the original data cited by
<bibRefCitation author="Dahlbom, AG" journalOrPublisher="Berlingianis, Lund" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="Dispositio Methodica Specierum Hymenopterorum secundum Familias Insectorum Naturales - Part II - Chrysis in sensu Linnaeano." year="1845">Dahlbom (1845)</bibRefCitation>
. Based on the erroneous information given by
<bibRefCitation author="Kimsey, LS" journalOrPublisher="University Press, New York" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The Chrysidid Wasps of the World." year="1991">Kimsey and Bohart (1991)</bibRefCitation>
on the type depository,
<bibRefCitation author="Linsenmaier, W" journalOrPublisher="Entomofauna" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="245 - 300" title="Altes und Neues von den Chrysididen (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae)." volume="18" year="1997 a">Linsenmaier (1997a)</bibRefCitation>
did not accept
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morgan’s">Morgan's</normalizedToken>
interpretation and stated that labeles must have been exchanged. Moreover, Linsenmaier argued that it was not possible that Dahlbom, who described the genus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Holopyga</taxonomicName>
in the same paper, would have confused it with
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hedychrum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
At the beginning of our studies, we agreed with Linsenmaier and we also noticed that no other European
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hedychrum</taxonomicName>
has the described colour &quot;♂ thorax antice viridis postice cyaneus&quot;; only the male of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga ignicollis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ignicollis">Holopyga ignicollis</taxonomicName>
sensu Linsenmaier (=
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga aureomaculata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureomaculata">Holopyga aureomaculata</taxonomicName>
Abeille) shows a similar colouration. We concluded that Morgan probably confused the type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
with the type of another mysterious species described in the same work by Dahlbom on Dufour material collected in France:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga nitidula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidula">Holopyga nitidula</taxonomicName>
. In this sense, the examination of the Dahlbom collection in LZM was fundamental. The specimen cited by Morgan is indeed the type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
. This confirmation is not only based on the precise labels, already cited by Morgan, but also on the morphological and chromatic characteristics given by Dahlbom. This specimen is a male of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga fervida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">Holopyga fervida</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius, 1781) with colouration similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga fervida var. taorminensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="fervida" variety="taorminensis">Holopyga fervida var. taorminensis</taxonomicName>
Trautmann: pronotum and mesonotum light bluish-greenish, in contrast with the rest of the mesosoma. But the most important characteristic is the punctuation on the mesosoma: 'pronotum et dorsulum nitida sparse
<normalizedToken originalValue="punctata’">punctata'</normalizedToken>
. No
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hedychrum</taxonomicName>
species has this peculiar punctuation, but
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga fervida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">Holopyga fervida</taxonomicName>
has it.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
It is not strange that Dahlbom in 1845 identified the male of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga fervida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">Holopyga fervida</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hedychrum</taxonomicName>
. In fact, Dahlbom in 1854 described again the males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga fervida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">Holopyga fervida</taxonomicName>
as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum chloroideum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chloroideum">Hedychrum chloroideum</taxonomicName>
, based on specimens entirely green or bluish-green, without any contrasts in the colouration of the mesosoma.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
It seems that Linsenmaier was influenced by
<bibRefCitation author="Richards, OW" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="143 - 176" title="Notes on the nomenclature of the Aculeate Hymenoptera, with special reference to British genera and species." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1935.tb00420.x" volume="83" year="1935">Richards (1935</bibRefCitation>
: 158). This important author received the type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">
<pageBreakToken pageId="45" pageNumber="46" start="start">Hedychrum</pageBreakToken>
intermedium
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
by Kemner (Lund): &quot;Through the kindness of Dr. N. A. Kemner, we have examined the type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1854. It is a female bearing two labels (1)&quot; Z. Mer.&quot;or&quot;L. Mer.&quot;and (2)&quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
. Megerl. Secund. M.B. Dhbm. var. a.&quot;The specimen agrees with
<normalizedToken originalValue="Dahlbom’s">Dahlbom's</normalizedToken>
description of his var. a. (i.e. the typical form of the species) and also with the modern interpretation of his name (e.g. Trautmann, 1928). Dr. Kemner also sent what is almost certainly the type of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1845. This species was described in 1845 from France but in 1854 Dahlbom dropped the name
<taxonomicName lsidName="intermedium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="intermedium">intermedium</taxonomicName>
; his var. c. of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
agrees with the earlier described intermedium. The probable type of
<taxonomicName lsidName="intermedium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="intermedium">intermedium</taxonomicName>
is a male bearing two labels: (1)&quot;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
Dhlbm. var. c.&quot;and (2) &quot; Hab.? Fontainebleau Collect. Barbut.&quot;This specimen agrees with the original description of
<taxonomicName lsidName="intermedium" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" rank="species" species="intermedium">intermedium</taxonomicName>
. It is a male of one of the greenish forms of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
. It may be described as follows: - Green; slight trace of copper on central lobe of mesonotum. Postscutellum and propodeum blue. Abdomen green, disc of second tergite and whole of third, copper-tinged. Legs blue. Venter of abdomen black. In my opinion, therefore, the species should be known as
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1845&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
Nevertheless, Richards did not realize that none of the examined specimens was truly a type. In particular,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
did not match the original type, since it was collected at Fontainebleau by Barbut and not by Dufour. This should be the reason different authors, including Linsenmaier, considered
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
had priority over the name
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
In conclusion, we formally propose here the new synonymy:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum intermedium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">Hedychrum intermedium</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1845 =
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Holopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holopyga fervida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fervida">Holopyga fervida</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius, 1781). The valid name for one of the most common European species is therefore
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1854, as already stated by
<bibRefCitation author="Morgan, D" journalOrPublisher="Handbooks for the Identification of British insects, Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 37" title="Cuckoo-Wasps Hymenoptera, Chrysididae." volume="6" year="1984">Morgan (1984)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="45" pageNumber="46" type="current status">
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">Current status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="45" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" genus="Hedychrum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hedychrum rutilans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rutilans">Hedychrum rutilans</taxonomicName>
Dahlbom, 1854.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink