330 lines
37 KiB
XML
330 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090414" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0f9ef5f7-ffca-4a86-bfd7-3e88af0a577b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135559567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090414" checkinTime="1509536156663" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Beatrice Senn-Irlet & Martina Peter" docDate="2016" docId="40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3" docLanguage="en" docName="Senn_Peter_Sclerotinia_AscomyceteOrg 08-05.pdf" docOrigin="Ascomycete. org 8 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi Senn-Irlet 2016" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="238" masterDocId="BC4C5008FFFA2C0DF35EFFDB03459E61" masterDocTitle="Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi, a new species from the Alps" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="235" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" updateTime="1644929894052" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi, a new species from the Alps</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Beatrice Senn-Irlet</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Martina Peter</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Ascomycete. org</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2016-10-31</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>8</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>235</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>240</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1040189</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">0f9ef5f7-ffca-4a86-bfd7-3e88af0a577b</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1040189</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6090414" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135559567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6090414" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[136,632,485,506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,775,485,535]" box="[136,632,485,506]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,550,485,506]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,442,485,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||
Senn-Irlet
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[557,632,485,506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,775,485,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
— MycoBank 516616,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[197,289,514,535]" captionStart-0="Plate 1" captionStart-1="Plate 2" captionStart-2="Plate 3" captionStartId-0="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionStartId-1="3.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionStartId-2="4.[113,167,1477,1498]" captionTargetBox-0="[113,1474,113,1766]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1447,781,1955]" captionTargetBox-2="[295,1296,136,1441]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[113,1474,772,1968]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[266,1323,113,1464]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." captionText-1="Plate 2 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Asci with uniseriate ascospores in early stage of maturation and biseriate ascospores in late stage of maturation; b) croziers; c) paraphyses; d) apical apparatus in Lugol; e) Microconidia; f) Ejected ascospores; g) Fruit-bodies with sclerotia; h) Ectal excipulum in section (underside of cup); h) Excipulum of stipe; j) Section through apothecium. Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in g), 100 Μm in j)." captionText-2="Plate 3 – Phylogenetic placement of Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi within members of the Sclerotiniaceae, obtained by sequence comparison of the ITS region. The phylogram is based on maximum parsimony. The strict consensus tree of 48 most parsimonious trees is shown, numbers percentages of 500 bootstrap replicates that support the indicated branches (only values above 50 % are shown). Sequences other than S. cirsii-spinosissimi and S. nivalis were retrieved from the executable nexus file of HOLST- JENSEN et al. (1998)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1040193/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1040195/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[197,285,514,535]" captionStart-0="Plate 1" captionStart-1="Plate 2" captionStart-2="Plate 3" captionStartId-0="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionStartId-1="3.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionStartId-2="4.[113,167,1477,1498]" captionTargetBox-1="[136,1447,781,1955]" captionTargetBox-2="[295,1296,136,1441]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[113,1474,772,1968]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[266,1323,113,1464]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." captionText-1="Plate 2 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Asci with uniseriate ascospores in early stage of maturation and biseriate ascospores in late stage of maturation; b) croziers; c) paraphyses; d) apical apparatus in Lugol; e) Microconidia; f) Ejected ascospores; g) Fruit-bodies with sclerotia; h) Ectal excipulum in section (underside of cup); h) Excipulum of stipe; j) Section through apothecium. Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in g), 100 Μm in j)." captionText-2="Plate 3 – Phylogenetic placement of Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi within members of the Sclerotiniaceae, obtained by sequence comparison of the ITS region. The phylogram is based on maximum parsimony. The strict consensus tree of 48 most parsimonious trees is shown, numbers percentages of 500 bootstrap replicates that support the indicated branches (only values above 50 % are shown). Sequences other than S. cirsii-spinosissimi and S. nivalis were retrieved from the executable nexus file of HOLST- JENSEN et al. (1998)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1040193/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1040195/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1-3</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,573,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,547,573,594]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Apothecia solitaria, discus acetabuliformis,</emphasis>
|
||
5-12
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">mm diam, stipitatus, hymenio brunneo, stipes cylindraceus, colore simile disco,</emphasis>
|
||
5–20 × 0.8–1.5
|
||
<emphasis box="[191,394,632,653]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">mm. Asci cylindracei,</emphasis>
|
||
† (120–)130–170 × 7–9
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">μm, octospori, poro jodo caerulescenti. Ascosporae uniseriatae, hyalinae, elipsoideae, inaequilaterales,</emphasis>
|
||
† 9.5–11.8 × 4.7–6.6
|
||
<emphasis box="[470,635,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">μm. Microconidia</emphasis>
|
||
2–4
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">μm diam., globosae, in sporodochiis in hymenio vel in vitro. Sclerotia tuberoidea,</emphasis>
|
||
4–8 × 1.5–4
|
||
<emphasis box="[233,516,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">mm, extus nigra, intus albida.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,573,858]" box="[136,725,779,800]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Habitat in bracteas Cirsii spinosissimi in regio alpina, Helvetia.</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,573,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1677090465" collectingDate="31 Augusto 1996" collectionCode="Z-ZT" collectionCountry="Switzerland" collectorName="Senn-Irlet" country="Switzerland" location="Uri" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" specimenCode="96/32" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[136,234,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Holotypus</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName box="[245,343,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Senn-Irlet</collectorName>
|
||
<specimenCode box="[347,407,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">96/32</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3:CD03CFBDFFFB2C0CF2C1FCF302FB9D5C" box="[415,446,808,829]" name="Uri" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Uri</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40752870FFFB2C0EF3D6FE3E02489FD3:CD03CFBDFFFB2C0CF299FCF301149D5C" box="[455,593,808,829]" name="Attinghausen" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Attinghausen</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate box="[601,773,808,829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">31 Augusto 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[113,218,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">in herbario</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode box="[223,268,837,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Z-ZT</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis box="[274,393,837,858]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">conservatur.</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[136,727,896,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[136,727,896,917]" box="[136,727,896,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,281,896,917]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Etymology —</emphasis>
|
||
Refers to the species name of the plant host.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,955,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,245,955,976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Apothecia</emphasis>
|
||
arising singly or rarely in pairs or in triplet from a true sclerotium, embedded in fallen old, last-year bracts of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lying on the soil (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[405,487,1014,1035]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1a</figureCitation>
|
||
); receptacle 5–12 mm diam., 2–4 mm high, cupulate or discoid with a central depression; hymenium ochraceous to burnt Sienna, smooth; stipe cylindrical, often flexuous, 5–20 × 0.8–1.5 mm, tapering towards base, concolorous or paler than hymenium, glabrous to felted under hand lens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,955,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,180,1161,1182]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Asci</emphasis>
|
||
arising from croziers, cylindric–clavate, (*) 140–180 × 9– 10.5 Μm, (†) (120–) 130–140 × 7–9 Μm, with a tapering, blunt–end base, regularly 8–spored, all spores of about equal size, apex truncated-rounded,apical pore MLZ+ blue, IKI blueish, deep blue in MLZ after KOH (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[225,313,1278,1299]" captionStart="Plate 2" captionStartId="3.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetBox="[136,1447,781,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[113,1474,772,1968]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Plate 2 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Asci with uniseriate ascospores in early stage of maturation and biseriate ascospores in late stage of maturation; b) croziers; c) paraphyses; d) apical apparatus in Lugol; e) Microconidia; f) Ejected ascospores; g) Fruit-bodies with sclerotia; h) Ectal excipulum in section (underside of cup); h) Excipulum of stipe; j) Section through apothecium. Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in g), 100 Μm in j)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040193/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 2d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[329,453,1278,1299]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Ascospores</emphasis>
|
||
(*) 11.3–15.3 (17) × 5.7–7.1 Μm (fresh in H2O), Q = 1.6–2.4, mean Q = 2.04, (†) (8) 9.5–11.8 (14.5) × 4.7–6.6 Μm, Q = 1.5–2.2 (in Congo red and 5% KOH) mean Q = 1.85, (†) uniseriate, young in ascus biseriate, hyaline, unicellular, ellipsoid and slightly inequilateral, eguttulate, with two (to four?) nuclei, content (†) cyanophilous (in Cotton blue), IKI wall hyaline, content yellow.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[187,390,1455,1476]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Microconidial state</emphasis>
|
||
with microconidia globose, hyaline, 2– 4 Μm diam., produced from phialides in sporodochia (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[649,725,1484,1505]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1f</figureCitation>
|
||
), superficial in hymenium of older apothecia from germinating ascospores, especially towards margin.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[494,613,1543,1564]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Paraphyses</emphasis>
|
||
filiform, septate, simple or sparsely branched, hyaline, in upper part 3–4 Μm wide, fresh with large pale brown guttules in the upper cells, without gelatinous covering, even in living state.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[487,643,1631,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Subhymenium</emphasis>
|
||
45–60 Μm, of densely septate, prismatic cells, brown-walled, reddish brown.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Medullary excipulum</emphasis>
|
||
of loosely interwoven, filiform, 2–5 Μm wide, colourless hyphae, forming a textura intricata, 40–250 Μm thick, without crystals, no blueing in IKI.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[455,623,1748,1769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Ectal excipulum</emphasis>
|
||
50–150 Μm, 3– 5 cells thick, of pale brown angular to prismatic cells, 20–35 × 10– 16 Μm in size, orientated perpendicularly to apothecial surface. No gelatinous matrix observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,955,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,191,1866,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Stipe</emphasis>
|
||
composed of a medullary excipulum forming a
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">textura porrecta</emphasis>
|
||
, composed of thin-walled, elongated, 5–8 Μm wide, hyaline cells, and an ectal excipulum, 8–20 Μm thick, of 2–3 rows of elongated, light brown, thin-walled cells, forming a
|
||
<emphasis box="[565,730,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">textura angularis</emphasis>
|
||
, outermost cells often with short outgrowths. Both textures arranged parallel to the stipe axis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[113,776,955,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,225,2042,2063]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Pigment</emphasis>
|
||
brownish, membranaceous, in subhymenium, and outer cells of the stipe, intracellular in paraphyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,115,456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,912,115,136]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Stroma</emphasis>
|
||
an irregular tuberoid sclerotium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1238,1319,115,136]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1b</figureCitation>
|
||
), globose to cylindrical, constricted and often furrowed, variable in shape, 4–8 × 1.5–4 mm, with scrobiculate, black outer rind and white inner context, developing within fallen, straw-like involucral bracts of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but never incorporating remnants of plant material. Sclerotial rind two to four cells wide, of dark brown-walled, angular to prismatic cells, outermost cells heavily melanized, carbonaceous; uppermost cells pale brown, cells compact,(†) 12–20 × 6– 10 Μm, forming a
|
||
<emphasis box="[1013,1186,348,369]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">textura angularis</emphasis>
|
||
to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1229,1367,348,369]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">textura oblita</emphasis>
|
||
, sclerotial medulla of interwoven, hyaline hyphae, 4–6 Μm wide, forming a textura oblita-intricata, walls gelatinized, without apparent remnants of host tissue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,494,747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
Ascospores germinate readily on PDA and MA, mycelium whitish, adhering to the agar surface, after 4–6 weeks applanate sclerotia are produced regularly spread over the whole surface of the petridish on PDA (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[949,1031,581,602]" captionStart="Plate 1" captionStartId="2.[598,652,1981,2002]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[113,1474,113,1770]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Plate 1 – Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96 / 32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96 / 32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10 / 63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10 / 83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10 / 93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Plate 1c</figureCitation>
|
||
), half to three quarter immerged, irreguarly spread and larger (up to 12 × 7 mm) on MA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,494,747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">18 days after inoculation scattered flocculose tufts produced small globular sporodochia, with conidia born on phialides on aerial mycelium, phialides with no obvious collarettes,conidia globose to slightly ovate, 2.5–4 Μm in diam., with one internal guttule.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1476,785,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
The ITS sequences of the five isolates of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from different locations in Switzerland were identical. Parsimony analysis revealed 44 of the 514 characters to be parsimony informative.The analysis yielded 530 most parsimonious trees (MPTs) which were reduced to 48 after reweighting (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="HOLST- JENSEN A. & VAAGE M. & SCHUMACHER T." journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" pagination="705 - 719" part="18" refString="HOLST- JENSEN A., VAAGE M. & SCHUMACHER T. 1998. - An approximation to the phylogeny of Sclerotinia and related genera. Nordic Journal of Botany, 18: 705 - 719" title="— An approximation to the phylogeny of Sclerotinia and related genera" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
HOLST- JENSEN
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,853,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[934,1121,930,951]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[934,1121,930,951]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was consistently placed in a cluster with
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,961,959,980]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. borealis</emphasis>
|
||
, which was supported by the strict consensus tree and a bootstrap value of 64% (Fig. 6). In 32 of the 48 MPTs,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1392,1474,988,1009]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1392,1474,988,1009]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. nivalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clustered with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[959,1059,1018,1039]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="glacialis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[959,1059,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. glacialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(52% bootstrap).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1474,1076,1126]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,987,1076,1097]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Substratum —</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[991,1256,1076,1097]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[991,1256,1076,1097]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, always on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[835,1130,1163,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[835,1130,1163,1184]" box="[835,1130,1163,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,994,1163,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Distribution —</emphasis>
|
||
Europe, Alps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1476,1221,1737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[835,1074,1221,1242]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
SWITZERLAND – Uri, Attinghausen-Geissberg, 1740 m alt., 31 August 1996, B. Senn-Irlet & R. Mürner (ZT, holotype, BSI 96/32, culture isolate, NCBI GQ848548); Spirigen-Kinzigpass, 2070 m alt., 19 August 2001, B. Senn-Irlet & R. Mürner (ZT, BSI 01/194); – Bern, Guttannen-Oberaar, 2330 m alt., 30 August 1994, B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 94/43); 15 August 1995, H.U. Aeberhard & B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 95/150, culture isolate,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[1370,1474,1396,1417]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1370,1474,1396,1417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spec 2
|
||
<emphasis box="[879,932,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="HOLST- JENSEN A. & KOHN L. M. & SCHUMACHER T." box="[936,1163,1425,1446]" journalOrPublisher="Mycologia" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" pagination="885 - 899" part="89" refString="HOLST- JENSEN A., KOHN L. M. & SCHUMACHER T. 1997. - Nuclear rDNA phylogeny of Sclerotiniaceae. Mycologia, 89: 885 - 899." title="Nuclear rDNA phylogeny of Sclerotiniaceae" type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
HOLST- JENSEN
|
||
<emphasis box="[1058,1103,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), 8 August 1998, H.U. Aeberhard (ZT, 024.98), 2 September 2004 (ZT, BSI 04/130, NCBI EU330398), 17 August 2010, B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 10/63), 22 August 2010, H. Woltsche (ZT, BSI 10/93); – Graubünden, Bivio, near Leg Grevasalvas, 2460 m alt., B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 03/80, NCBI EU330399); – Ticino, Bedretto, Ponte di Paltano, 1840 m alt., 20 August 2002, H.Woltsche & B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 02/79); – Valais,Val d’Anniviers, Moiry, 21 August 2010, B. Senn-Irlet (ZT, BSI 10/83).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1476,1221,1737]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Saito" authorityName="Saito" box="[835,1068,1658,1679]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="nivalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1008,1658,1679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia nivalis</emphasis>
|
||
Saito
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: JAPAN – Hokkaido, Makubedtsu-cho, on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1779" box="[813,949,1687,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Arctium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lappa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,949,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Arctium lappa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 15 May 1982, I. Saito (HAK, Holotype, 24055, NCBI EU 330400).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="238" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,1775,2093]" box="[813,1027,1775,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[813,1027,1775,1801]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" reason="0">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[813,1027,1775,1801]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Habitat and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[813,1475,1775,2093]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[835,1108,1810,1831]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1108,1810,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was exclusively found in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[866,1092,1839,1860]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[866,1092,1839,1860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a widespread, abundant forb of the lower alpine zone of the Alps, forming clones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="URBANSKA K. M." box="[1285,1436,1868,1889]" journalOrPublisher="Stuttgart, UTB" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="URBANSKA K. M. 1992. - Populationsbiologie der Pflanzen. Stuttgart, UTB." title="Populationsbiologie der Pflanzen" type="book" year="1992">URBANSKA, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) on pastures and near rivulets, especially at nutrient rich sites with forb vegetation and in scree vegetation, often at places indirectly favoured by cattle. The apothecia were always found on the involucral bracts from the almost intact, fallen inflorescenses from the previous year below the forb plant, profiting thus from a favourable humid microclimate.The accompanying macromycetes found were
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Ascomycetes" family="Pezizaceae" genus="Peziza" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="granularis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Peziza granularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Donadini,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1016,1133,2072,2093]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Ombrophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1016,1133,2072,2093]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Ombrophila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spec.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1198,1298,2072,2093]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Hyaloscyphaceae" genus="Scutellinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1198,1298,2072,2093]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Scutellinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spec.,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1362,1474,2072,2093]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1362,1440,2072,2093]" class="Ascomycetes" family="Pyronemataceae" genus="Tarzetta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pezizales" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Tarzetta</taxonomicName>
|
||
cu-
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1040191/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="237" targetBox="[113,1474,113,1766]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[113,1474,1981,2089]" pageId="2" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[598,990,1981,2002]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="237" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[598,990,1981,2002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="237">
|
||
Plate 1 –
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[692,990,1981,2002]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="237">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[692,803,1981,2002]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="237" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Sclerotinia</taxonomicName>
|
||
cirsii-spinosissimi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
a) Fresh fruit-bodies from holotype (coll. BSI 96/32); b) Sclerotia (coll. 024.98); c) Sclerotia on PDA in culture after 2 months (isolate from BSI 96/32); d) Ectal excipulum, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10/93); e) Ascospores, fresh in water (coll. BSI 10/63); f) Microconidia in hymenium, in water (coll. BSI 10/83); g) Paraphyses in water (coll. BSI 10/83); h) Ascus apex in Lugol (coll. BSI 10/93). Bars = 10 Μm, 1 cm in a), b) and c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[113,776,115,434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<emphasis box="[113,180,115,136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">pularis</emphasis>
|
||
(L.) Svrček, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="J. Favre" authorityName="J. Favre" authorityYear="1938" box="[352,718,115,136]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Tricholomataceae" genus="Hemimycena" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="ochrogaleata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[352,621,115,136]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">Hemimycena ochrogaleata</emphasis>
|
||
(J. Favre)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
M.M. Moser.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[113,776,115,434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">
|
||
Involucral bracts of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[332,552,175,196]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosissimum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[332,552,175,196]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">Cirsium spinosissimum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lying beyond the forb plant on open grassland are often infected by
|
||
<emphasis box="[566,775,204,225]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[566,665,204,225]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Crocicreas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Crocicreas</taxonomicName>
|
||
calathicola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Rehm) S.E. Carpenter, a saprotrophic ascomycete with orange coloured apothecia.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Senn-Irlet" authorityYear="2016" box="[297,570,264,285]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cirsii-spinosissimi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[297,570,264,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">Sclerotinia cirsii-spinosissimi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[622,721,264,285]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Helotiaceae" genus="Crocicreas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Crocicreas</taxonomicName>
|
||
calathicola
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
were never found together suggesting that microclimatic conditions were required for germination and establishment, and humid conditions favoured
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fuckel" authorityYear="1870" box="[395,498,353,374]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Sclerotinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[395,498,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="238">Sclerotinia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A necrotrophic life-form is suggested as no signs of reduced plant growth or flowering has been observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |