treatments-xml/data/40/57/5D/40575DCB4F945CF28E072218A04617A2.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-225-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="334931832DE7567B9355664883B9D258" ModsDocID="1314-2003-225-1" checkinTime="1682026985745" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pino Infante, Guillermo Eloy, Samain, Marie-Stephanie, Alban Castillo, Joaquina Adelaida &amp; Alomia Collazos, Luis Enrique Aaron" docDate="2023" docId="40575DCB4F945CF28E072218A04617A2" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 225: 1-40" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 225" docPubDate="2023-04-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277" docTitle="Peperomia pilocarpa Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomia 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="334931832DE7567B9355664883B9D258" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="334931832DE7567B9355664883B9D258" masterDocTitle="Species of Peperomia (Piperaceae) from the Sana River Valley, Peru" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1682026985745" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Species of Peperomia (Piperaceae) from the Sana River Valley, Peru</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pino Infante, Guillermo Eloy</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-4219</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Av. Arenales 1256, Jesus Maria, Lima 15072, Peru &amp; Sociedad Peruana de Cactaceas y Suculentas, Av. 6 de Agosto 1146, Jesus Maria, Lima 15072, Peru</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">guillermo.pino@unmsm.edu.pe</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Samain, Marie-Stephanie</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-9024</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Ecologia, A. C., Centro Regional del Bajio, Red de Diversidad Biologica del Occidente Mexicano, Av. Lazaro Cardenas 253, 61600 Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alban Castillo, Joaquina Adelaida</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4104-2912</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Av. Arenales 1256, Jesus Maria, Lima 15072, Peru</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alomia Collazos, Luis Enrique Aaron</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3587-2055</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Sociedad Peruana de Cactaceas y Suculentas, Av. 6 de Agosto 1146, Jesus Maria, Lima 15072, Peru</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-04-19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>225</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>40</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-225-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">334931832DE7567B9355664883B9D258</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40575DCB4F945CF28E072218A04617A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/40575DCB4F945CF28E072218A04617A2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
11. 
<taxonomicName LSID="40575DCB-4F94-5CF2-8E07-2218A04617A2" authority="Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomía" authorityName="Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomia" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia pilocarpa" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilocarpa" status="sp. nov.">
Peperomia pilocarpa Pino, Samain &amp; L.E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alomía">Alomia</normalizedToken>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Peperomia pilocarpa A plant in habitat with assurgent stems B decumbent plant C young plants showing terminal inflorescence D plant ex-situ in anthesis showing normal inflorescence and inflorescence with galls E detail of leaves F spadix at the beginning of anthesis G mature spadix with galls and seeds. Details: (above, normal seed; below, gall with trichomes)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839978" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 7A-G</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-07-26" collectingDateMax="2022-08-28" collectingDateMin="2020-07-26" collectorName="La Florida, G. Pino, L. E. Alomia, Same" country="Peru" county="San Miguel" elevation="1613" latitude="-6.9009166" location="La Florida" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.12598" municipality="Niepos" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cajamarca" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, Dept. 
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Cajamarca">Cajamarca</collectingRegion>
, prov. 
<collectingCounty>San Miguel</collectingCounty>
, dist. 
<collectingMunicipality>Niepos</collectingMunicipality>
: road from 
<collectorName>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40575DCB4F945CF28E072218A04617A2:5673FB9EF7D8E80C5E894AF8AC2B3BA1" country="Peru" county="San Miguel" latitude="-6.9009166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.12598" municipality="Niepos" name="La Florida" stateProvince="Cajamarca">La Florida</location>
</collectorName>
to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:40575DCB4F945CF28E072218A04617A2:425D5AC625A65B2B98C7BE4CA8356376" country="Peru" county="San Miguel" latitude="-6.9009166" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-79.12598" municipality="Niepos" name="Niepos" stateProvince="Cajamarca">Niepos</location>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.613" unit="m" value="1613.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.613" unit="m" value="1613.0">1613 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="06" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.3" value="-6.9009166">06°54'03.3&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="33.5" value="-79.12598">79°07'33.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<collectingDate value="2020-07-26">26 Jul 2020</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>G. Pino</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>
L.E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alomía">Alomia</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
3217
</emphasis>
(USM 333265!); 
<collectorName>Same</collectorName>
collection, 
<collectingDate value="2022-08-28">28 Aug 2022</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName>G. Pino</collectorName>
et al. 3646
</emphasis>
(USM 333266!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.225.99277.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/839978" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pino, Samain &amp; L. E. Alomia" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia pilocarpa" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peperomia pilocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
plant in habitat with assurgent stems 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
decumbent plant 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
young plants showing terminal inflorescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
plant 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ex-situ</emphasis>
in anthesis showing normal inflorescence and inflorescence with galls 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
detail of leaves 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
spadix at the beginning of anthesis 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
mature spadix with galls and seeds. Details: (above, normal seed; below, gall with trichomes).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Perennial, semi-succulent, prostate caespitose herb similar in habit to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cacaophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cacaophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cacaophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differs mainly in leaf shape, which is widely obovate to elliptic or rotundate and sometimes slightly acuminate, compared to the ovate lamina and constantly acuminate apex of this species, leaves are flatter and less succulent, slightly puberulous compared to the canaliculate, glossy leaves of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cacaophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cacaophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cacaophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Stems are not terete as in this species but with two low prominent wings. Seeds are dimorphic, normal seeds are very similar in shape to the seeds of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. sagasteguii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sagasteguii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. sagasteguii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, modified seeds (probably galls) are conspicuous, large up to 2.5 mm long, bright green to brownish, densely covered with white trichomes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Perennial semi succulent terrestrial or semiepiphytic 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">herb</emphasis>
, living in the shade and on abundant decayed vegetal matter, 10-15 cm tall, up to 25 cm when flowering. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Roots</emphasis>
basal and from basal nodes, very fibrous, light gray, 0.2-0.3 mm diam., 1-3 cm long. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stem</emphasis>
mainly prostate, straight, procumbent when vegetative and decumbent sometimes at tips, up to 45 cm long or more, subterete, 2.5-3.5 mm diam. at the base, gradually tapering to 1.5-2 mm at the apex, dull olive green, reddish where exposed, with two not very prominent longitudinal wings decurrent with leaf petioles, internodes 1-5 cm, rarely with alternate branches from the base or every 10-15 cm. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
alternate, spirally attached one per internode, glabrous to slightly puberulous, present all along the stem; petiole circular in section, 0.8-1.5 cm long, 1-1.5 mm diam., with two lateral not prominent wings decurrent with stem, straight or slightly recurvate, lamina flat, widely obovate to oblong, (2-) 3-6 cm long, 1-3.5 mm thick, (1-)1.5-2.5 cm wide at distal third, (1.5-)2.8-3.8 cm wide at the middle, (1-)2-3 cm wide at proximal third, apex acute, obtuse in some leaves and slightly acuminate in larger leaves, subemarginate at tip, base rounded; adaxially dull green, 3-palmatinerved, nerves slightly depressed; margin completely entire; abaxially light green, obscurely 3-palmatinerved, central nerve and proximal thirds of lateral nerves somewhat darker in color. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
a single terminal spadix appearing from November to December; peduncle terete or slightly funnel-shaped distally, sometimes reddish and obscurely furrowed, 7-12 mm long, 2-2.5 mm diam., with a small oval bract at the base, similar to leaves, 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">rachis</emphasis>
6-10 cm long, 1.5-2.5 mm diam., light green. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Floral bracts</emphasis>
narrowly oval to subpentagonal, subacute, light green, 0.6-0.7 mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm wide. 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stamens</emphasis>
: filaments transparent, 0.2 mm diam., 0.4-0.5 mm long, anthers ovoid, 0.4-0.45 mm long, 0.25-0.3 mm wide, bright red at first, then white. Normal 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fruit</emphasis>
globose, 0.7-0.8 mm long, 0.6-0.7 mm diam., brown, covered of white 0.05 mm long whitish papillae up to distal third of fruit, style conical, light brown. Modified 
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fruit</emphasis>
, 2-2.5 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm diam., bright green to brownish, minutely and densely covered with white 0.1-0.2 long trichomes, style prominent, bright green, 0.2-0.25 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm diam., stigma dark, ripening from February to July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Plants grow from 1500 to 1600 m of the middle course of the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Saña">Sana</normalizedToken>
River valley, in the remnants of montane forest, mostly epiphytic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescences appear from October to March; fruits ripen from November to April.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The epithet recalls the hairy surface of the modified fruits of this species, from the Latin 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pilus</emphasis>
(hair) and Greek 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="καρπός">καρπός</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
(fruit).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This specimen at first was considered a probable hybrid because it shows intermediate features between 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. emarginulata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="emarginulata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. emarginulata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. cacaophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cacaophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. cacaophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, although those two species share their habitat to some extent they are found at lower altitudes and never close to 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. pilocarpa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. pilocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Instead, this species appears within the range of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. vivipara" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vivipara">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. vivipara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it seems not to be related to it. Another interesting fact is that most fruits are modified to form hairy galls. The etiology of these galls remains unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species belongs to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Peperomia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Peperomia (Micropiper) subsp. subg." order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Micropiper">Peperomia subg. Micropiper</taxonomicName>
(Miq.) Miq. (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/643.4" author="Frenzke, L" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="424 - 444" refId="B10" refString="Frenzke, L, Scheiris, E, Pino, G, Symmank, L, Goetghebeur, P, Neinhuis, C, Wanke, S, Samain, MS, 2015. A revised infrageneric classification of the genus Peperomia Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Piperaceae). Taxon 64 (3): 424 - 444, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/643.4" title="A revised infrageneric classification of the genus Peperomia Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Piperaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/643.4" volume="64" year="2015">Frenzke et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional specimen examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimen examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru, dept. Cajamarca, Prov. San Miguel, dist. La Florida</emphasis>
: Road from Monteseco to Chorro Blanco, 1545 m, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="51.3" value="-6.8475833">6°50'51.3&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.5" value="-79.10653">79°06'23.5&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 10 Feb 2023, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
G. Pino &amp; L.E. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Alomía">Alomia</normalizedToken>
3830
</emphasis>
, (USM 333267).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>