273 lines
41 KiB
XML
273 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="04CFB3F387D882DFF3D828DE1E9C1FA6">A taxonomic revision of the globulus species group of Dichotomius Hope, 1838 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B033B8102188C8E237EFCBD5B638BCA9">Valois, Marcely C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="02568C1A43DB27D254E221996B65E4F4">Silva, Fernando A. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8BA34E71D89A4FEB6FD4B166A7F67AF3">Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03F487FF476F4D0C9BBAFAFFFCCEFD8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6645872" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195913548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6645872" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487FF476F4D0C9BBAFAFFFCCEFD8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487FF476F4D0C9BBAFAFFFCCEFD8F" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">
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<paragraph id="8BE236E9476F4D0A9BBAFAFFFBBAFA9E" blockId="18.[248,1067,1378,1404]" box="[248,1067,1378,1404]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="D0AA8185476F4D0A9BBAFAFFFBBAFA9E" box="[248,1067,1378,1404]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476F4D0A9BBAFAFFFBBAFA9E" ID-CoL="35NBT" authority="Howden and Young, 1981" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[248,1067,1378,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamboaensis" subGenus="Selenocopris">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB476F4D0A9BBAFAFFFD7EFA9E" bold="true" box="[248,751,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">Dichotomius (Selenocopris) gamboaensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B18476F4D0A99B5FAFFFBBAFA9E" author="Howden H & Young OP" box="[759,1067,1378,1404]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref14900" refString="Howden H, Young OP. 1981. Panamanian Scarabaeinae: taxonomy, distributio, and habits (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 18 (1): 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1981">Howden and Young, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C3476562476F4D0A9AEDFA3DFCE5FA58" box="[431,884,1440,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE236E9476F4D0A9AEDFA3DFCE5FA58" blockId="18.[431,884,1440,1466]" box="[431,884,1440,1466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13662A6C476F4D0A9AF5FA3DFD8FFA58" box="[439,542,1440,1466]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[195,1140,661,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[163,1153,646,1634]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of male. (a) Dichotomius benesi; (b) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (c) D. femoratus; (d) D. fortepunctatus; (e) D. gamboaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530254/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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(e), 3(b,d), 4(i,j), 5(g,l) and 6))
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3476562476F4D0A9B8BFA48FBAEF9F3" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE236E9476F4D0A9B8BFA48FBAEF9F3" blockId="18.[201,1146,1493,1553]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4D11C7476F4D0A9B8BFA48FBAEF9F3" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F8476F4D0A9B8BFA48FCDFFA0C" author="Howden H & Young OP" box="[201,846,1493,1518]" page="128" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" year="1981">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476F4D0A9B8BFA48FCDFFA0C" ID-CoL="35NBT" authority="Howden and Young, 1981: 128" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityPageNumber="128" authorityYear="1981" box="[201,846,1493,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamboaensis">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB476F4D0A9B8BFA48FE78FA0C" box="[201,489,1493,1518]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">Dichotomius gamboaensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B18476F4D0A9AB2FA48FCDFFA0C" author="Howden H & Young OP" box="[496,846,1493,1518]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref14900" refString="Howden H, Young OP. 1981. Panamanian Scarabaeinae: taxonomy, distributio, and habits (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 18 (1): 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1981">Howden and Young, 1981: 128</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F8476F4D0A981BFA48FB9AFA0C" author="Krajcik M" box="[857,1035,1493,1518]" page="54" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B18476F4D0A981BFA48FB9AFA0C" author="Krajcik M" box="[857,1035,1493,1518]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref14964" refString="Krajcik M. 2006. Checklist of Scarabaeoidea of the World. 1. Scarabaeinae. Animma. X. Supplement 3: 1 - 189." type="journal article" year="2006">Krajcik 2006: 54</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F8476F4D0A9F54FA48FBE7FA0C" author="Krajcik M" box="[1046,1142,1493,1518]" page="91" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" year="2012">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B18476F4D0A9F54FA48FBE7FA0C" author="Krajcik M" box="[1046,1142,1493,1518]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" pagination="278" refId="ref14991" refString="Krajcik M. 2012. Checklist of the World Scarabaeoidea. Anima. X Supplement 5: 278." type="journal article" year="2012">2012: 91</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F8476F4D0A9BA7FA65FDAAF9F3" author="Kohlmann B & Solis A" box="[229,571,1528,1553]" page="362" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B18476F4D0A9BA7FA65FDAAF9F3" author="Kohlmann B & Solis A" box="[229,571,1528,1553]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" pagination="343 - 382" refId="ref14937" refString="Kohlmann B, Solis A. 1997. El genero Dichotomius en Costa Rica. Giorn. Ital. Entomol. 8: 343 - 382." type="journal article" year="1997">Kohlmann and Solís 1997: 362</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 364; 366;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFC10F8476F4D0A99F0FA65FBADF9F3" author="Vaz-de-Mello FZ & Nunes RV" box="[690,1084,1528,1553]" page="299" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B18476F4D0A99F0FA65FBADF9F3" author="Vaz-de-Mello FZ & Nunes RV" box="[690,1084,1528,1553]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" pagination="294 - 300" refId="ref15886" refString="Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Nunes RV. 2016. New species, redescription and taxonomic notes in the Dichotomius (Selenocopris) batesi (Harold) species-group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Zootaxa. 4139 (2): 294 - 300." type="journal article" year="2016">Vaz-de-Mello and Nunes 2016: 299</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3476562476F4D0B9BE2F9A3FDDAFE95" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE236E9476F4D0A9BE2F9A3FE85F9BA" blockId="18.[160,1155,1598,1728]" box="[160,276,1598,1624]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB476F4D0A9BE2F9A3FE85F9BA" bold="true" box="[160,276,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236E9476F4D0B9BE2F9FFFDDAFE95" blockId="18.[160,1155,1598,1728]" lastBlockId="19.[160,1157,142,375]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476F4D0A9BE2F9FFFE2EF999" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[160,447,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamboaensis">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB476F4D0A9BE2F9FFFE2EF999" box="[160,447,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">Dichotomius gamboaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476F4D0A9AB7F9FFFD0AF999" authority="Valois & Silva & Vaz-de-Mello, 2022" authorityName="Valois & Silva & Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2022" box="[501,667,1634,1659]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthalutzae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB476F4D0A9AB7F9FFFD0AF999" box="[501,667,1634,1659]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">D. berthalutzae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A5780476F4D0A99E3F9FFFD66F999" box="[673,759,1634,1659]" pageId="18" pageNumber="137" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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share the following combination of characters: pronotal disc covered with umbilicate punctures (
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<figureCitation id="13662A6C476F4D0A9815F918FC3EF97C" box="[855,943,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[195,1140,661,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[163,1153,646,1634]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of male. (a) Dichotomius benesi; (b) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (c) D. femoratus; (d) D. fortepunctatus; (e) D. gamboaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530254/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="137">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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(b,e)); elytral interstriae with shagreened microsculpture and distinct smooth dots along medial region (as in
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<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B9BF9FF13FE89FF45" box="[187,280,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,226,1467,1490]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1435]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Detailed morphology of the species in the globulus group. (a) Ventral view of male, Dichotomius femoratus; (b) ventral view of male, D. gamboaensis; (c) male head, D. fortepunctatus; (d) female head, D. gamboaensis; (e) pronotum of male, D. femoratus; (f) pronotum of male, D. fortepunctatus; (g) elytral striae of male, D. fortepunctatus; (h) elytral striae (Estria) of male (ShMicro, shagreened microsculpture), D. femoratus; (i) elytral striae of male, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (k) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. femoratus; (l) female abdominal ventrites in lateral view, D. femoratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530258/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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(i)); dorsal surface of paramera with a longitudinal carina at least as long as onethird of paramera in dorsal view (
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<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B9966FF2CFD14FF28" box="[548,645,177,202]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,226,1467,1490]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1435]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Detailed morphology of the species in the globulus group. (a) Ventral view of male, Dichotomius femoratus; (b) ventral view of male, D. gamboaensis; (c) male head, D. fortepunctatus; (d) female head, D. gamboaensis; (e) pronotum of male, D. femoratus; (f) pronotum of male, D. fortepunctatus; (g) elytral striae of male, D. fortepunctatus; (h) elytral striae (Estria) of male (ShMicro, shagreened microsculpture), D. femoratus; (i) elytral striae of male, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (k) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. femoratus; (l) female abdominal ventrites in lateral view, D. femoratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530258/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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(c,d,i,j)); and hook-like projections on inferior part of ME separated by a C-shaped emargination (
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<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B981AFF49FC57FF0F" box="[856,966,212,237]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 5</figureCitation>
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(c,g)). However,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476E4D0B9BE2FF6BFEC1FEED" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[160,336,246,271]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamboaensis">
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<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B9BE2FF6BFEC1FEED" box="[160,336,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">D. gamboaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A476E4D0B99CEFF6BFCA5FEED" authority="Valois & Silva & Vaz-de-Mello, 2022" authorityName="Valois & Silva & Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2022" box="[652,820,246,271]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="berthalutzae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B99CEFF6BFCA5FEED" box="[652,820,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">D. berthalutzae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21A5780476E4D0B987FFF6BFC04FEED" box="[829,917,246,271]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by the clypeofrontal region with a central, apically bifurcate knob; anterior declivity of the pronotum onefourth as long as pronotal disc; abdominal ventrites narrowed medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B9888FEA1FBB6FEB7" box="[970,1063,316,341]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[160,226,1467,1490]" captionTargetBox="[166,1149,145,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-3@6.[163,1153,142,1435]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Detailed morphology of the species in the globulus group. (a) Ventral view of male, Dichotomius femoratus; (b) ventral view of male, D. gamboaensis; (c) male head, D. fortepunctatus; (d) female head, D. gamboaensis; (e) pronotum of male, D. femoratus; (f) pronotum of male, D. fortepunctatus; (g) elytral striae of male, D. fortepunctatus; (h) elytral striae (Estria) of male (ShMicro, shagreened microsculpture), D. femoratus; (i) elytral striae of male, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (k) male abdominal ventrites in ventral view, D. femoratus; (l) female abdominal ventrites in lateral view, D. femoratus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530258/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)); and male with pygidium rounded at apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3476562476E4D0C9BE2FE39FD07FED0" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="19" pageNumber="138" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E9476E4D0B9BE2FE39FE03FE5C" blockId="19.[160,1157,420,1728]" box="[160,402,420,446]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B9BE2FE39FE03FE5C" bold="true" box="[160,402,420,446]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Redescription (male)</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E9476E4D0C9BE2FE5AFD07FED0" blockId="19.[160,1157,420,1728]" lastBlockId="20.[160,1156,142,306]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="139" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B9BE2FE5AFEA4FE02" bold="true" box="[160,309,455,480]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Body length</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CA59B0C476E4D0B9A06FE5AFE50FE02" box="[324,449,455,480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="19" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="13.0">13–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Dorsum black, barely shiny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B9856FE5AFCFCFE02" box="[788,877,455,480]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[195,1140,661,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[163,1153,646,1634]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of male. (a) Dichotomius benesi; (b) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (c) D. femoratus; (d) D. fortepunctatus; (e) D. gamboaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530254/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)).
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B98E7FE5AFC72FE02" bold="true" box="[933,995,455,480]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: clypeal edge bidentate, teeth rounded, separated by a shallow V-shaped emargination. Clypeogenal junction rounded, shallowly nochted. Surface with different-sized ocellate punctures, more sparsely distributed on anterior clypeal region. Clypeogenal suture present. Cephalic process produced into a small central tubercle. Antennal club with light brown tumescence.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B9A7FFDE8FE02FD6C" bold="true" box="[317,403,629,654]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotum approximately twice wider than long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B98B7FDE8FBC2FD6C" box="[1013,1107,629,654]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[195,1140,661,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-144@4.[163,1153,646,1634]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of male. (a) Dichotomius benesi; (b) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (c) D. femoratus; (d) D. fortepunctatus; (e) D. gamboaensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530254" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530254/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)). Pronotal disc convex, anteromedian region with a shallow central excavation; surface of the disc with dense ocellate punctures equally spaced by half their diameter, punctures on anterior angle more sparse. Whole surface of hypomera covered with ocellate punctures; anterior and lateral regions with punctures bearing short orange setae. Prosternum filled with ocellate punctures. Mesoventrite covered with ocellate punctures usually bearing short orange setae. Lateral region of metaventrite with ocellate punctures, disc smooth; on anterior region, punctures usually bearing short setae. Meso-metaventral suture distinct. Anterior region of metaventrite as wide as two-thirds the length of metafemora. Mid-longitudinal sulcus indistinct. Lateral lobes of metaventrite with ocellate punctures larger than those on anterior region.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B9992FC52FC87FC0A" bold="true" box="[720,790,975,1000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
: slightly convex in lateral view. Humeral callus distinct. Striae thin and with ill defined punctures, spaced by twice their diameter. Interstriae I–VII convex, barely shiny.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B99F1FB88FD7BFBCC" bold="true" box="[691,746,1045,1070]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: protibial spur curved at apical fifth. Metatibial spur deeply emarginate apically. Ventral surface of the profemora covered with coarse setiferous punctures over their entire extension. Ventral surface of the mesofemora with ocellate puncture at apical third, near trochanter. Ventral surface of the metafemora with ocellate punctures at apical half. Meso and metafemora bearing a thin longitudinal groove along posterior margin, wider on apical half.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B99A0FB5FFCC6FB39" bold="true" box="[738,855,1218,1243]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: sixth ventrite twice longer than fifth. Ventrites covered with ocellate punctures at lateral regions, punctures at medial region in a single row along anterior edge. Pygidium longer than wide, convex medially. Surface of the pygidial disc with ocellate punctures concentrated along anterior half, and spaced by half their diameter. Apex of the pygidium margined.
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B98BFFAD0FBCFFA84" bold="true" box="[1021,1118,1357,1382]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Tegmen</emphasis>
|
||
: in dorsal view, paramera rectangular, twice longer than its width medially, apex rounded; inner edges close to each other at basal third (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B99A2FA0FFCD4FA49" box="[736,837,1426,1451]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1143,152,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-135@7.[163,1153,142,1082]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Tegmen, dorsal and ventral views,respectively. (a,b) Dichotomius benesi; (c,d) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (e,f) D. femoratus; (g,h) D. fortepunctatus; (i,j) D. gamboaensis. Scale bar: 500 µm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530260/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(i)). Apical half significantly narrower than base in lateral view. Dorsal surface of paramera with a strong pre-apical longitudinal carina at approximately apical half; margin of the carina serrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B9F47FA4AFBF5FA12" box="[1029,1124,1495,1520]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1143,152,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-135@7.[163,1153,142,1082]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Tegmen, dorsal and ventral views,respectively. (a,b) Dichotomius benesi; (c,d) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (e,f) D. femoratus; (g,h) D. fortepunctatus; (i,j) D. gamboaensis. Scale bar: 500 µm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530260/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(i)). Ventral sclerotised membrane between paramera thinner at basal third; angulate at lateral portions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B9A19F980FE2AF9D4" box="[347,443,1565,1590]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1113,1136]" captionTargetBox="[172,1143,152,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-135@7.[163,1153,142,1082]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Tegmen, dorsal and ventral views,respectively. (a,b) Dichotomius benesi; (c,d) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (e,f) D. femoratus; (g,h) D. fortepunctatus; (i,j) D. gamboaensis. Scale bar: 500 µm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530260/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
(j)).
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB476E4D0B9AA6F980FDE8F9D4" bold="true" box="[484,633,1565,1590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Endophallus</emphasis>
|
||
: ME inferior projections separated by a broad C-shaped emargination (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B9AF5F9A2FD85F9BA" box="[439,532,1599,1624]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(g)). ME with a longitudinal fold at the median superior region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B9BB4F9FFFEC0F999" box="[246,337,1634,1659]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(g)). A and SA endophallites thin, C-shaped in lateral view; SA endophallite with reticulate texture inferiorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C476E4D0B9959F918FDECF97C" box="[539,637,1669,1694]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="138">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(l)). FLP endophallite C-shaped in lateral right view, inferior region shorter than superior one; surface of the C-shaped region with irregular projections (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C47694D0C9AD6FF13FE65FF45" box="[404,500,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(l)). SRP endophallite approximately V-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13662A6C47694D0C9F46FF13FBF5FF45" box="[1028,1124,142,167]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[160,225,1177,1200]" captionTargetBox="[164,1149,143,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-128@8.[163,1153,142,1145]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Endophallites. (a) Dichotomius benesi, endophallus with endophallites, dorsal view. Medial endophallite: (b) D. benesi; (c) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (d,e) D. femoratus; (f) D. fortepunctatus; (g) D. gamboaensis. Accessory endophallites: (h) D. benesi; (i) D. berthalutzae sp. nov.; (j) D. femoratus; (k) D. fortepunctatus; (l) D. gamboaensis. Abbreviations: FLP, fronto-lateral peripherical endophallite; A +SA, subaxial and axial endophallites; SRP, superior-right peripheral endophallite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6530262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6530262/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Figure 5</figureCitation>
|
||
(l)).
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47694D0C9BE2FF2CFF66FF28" bold="true" box="[160,247,177,202]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Female</emphasis>
|
||
: differs from male by clypeal teeth larger and acute, separated by V-shaped emargination. Pronotum lacking anterior declivity or distinct mid-longitudinal sulcus. Lateral teeth of the protibia larger. Pygidial disc swollen and sparsely punctate. Sixth abdominal ventrite 3 times longer than fifth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C347656247694D0C9BE2FEC2FCCEFD8F" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E947694D0C9BE2FEC2FE2EFE9B" blockId="20.[160,1156,351,481]" box="[160,447,351,377]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47694D0C9BE2FEC2FE2EFE9B" bold="true" box="[160,447,351,377]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Type material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E947694D0C9BE2FE1EFEC4FE03" blockId="20.[160,1156,351,481]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B353CB447694D0C9BE2FE1EFC93FE5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3808176354" collectingDate="1975-10-23" collectingDateMax="1975-10-24" collectingDateMin="1975-10-23" collectionCode="USNM" country="Panama" county="Tapir" location="Canal Zone" municipality="Gamboa" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E6884B47694D0C9BE2FE1EFE96FE7E" box="[160,263,387,412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47694D0C9A72FE1EFDC3FE7E" authorityName="Howden and Young" authorityYear="1981" box="[304,594,387,412]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamboaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47694D0C9A72FE1EFDC3FE7E" box="[304,594,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Dichotomius gamboaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD6047694D0C9919FE1EFDFEFE78" box="[603,623,387,410]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE2C47694D0C993FFE1EFD5BFE7E" box="[637,714,387,412]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
]: ‘
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A767947694D0C999CFE1EFCACFE7E" box="[734,829,387,412]" name="Panama" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8E82603247694D0C9808FE1EFC5AFE7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487FF476F4D0C9BBAFAFFFCCEFD8F:8E82603247694D0C9808FE1EFC5AFE7E" box="[842,971,387,412]" country="Panama" county="Tapir" municipality="Gamboa" name="Canal Zone" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Canal Zone</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B86AC9347694D0C9891FE1EFBA7FE7E" box="[979,1078,387,412]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Gamboa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
/Limbo Hunt Club.
|
||
<date id="FFE3102947694D0C9A62FE38FE24FE5C" box="[288,437,421,446]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" value="1975-10-23" valueMax="1975-10-24" valueMin="1975-10-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFA7E9C147694D0C9A62FE38FE24FE5C" box="[288,437,421,446]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" value="1975-10-23" valueMax="1975-10-24" valueMin="1975-10-23">23–24.X.1975</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
OPYoung.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62834E6547694D0C9976FE38FDFDFE5C" box="[564,620,421,446]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Tapir</collectingCounty>
|
||
feces trap’ //
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
‘
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E6884B47694D0C984EFE38FC18FE5C" box="[780,905,421,446]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D6A47694D0C98D3FE38FF61FE03" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Dichotomius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gamboensis" subGenus="Luederwaldtinia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47694D0C98D3FE38FF61FE03" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Dichotomius (L.) gamboensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E947694D0C9BE2FD93FD93FDCA" blockId="20.[160,1156,526,621]" box="[160,514,526,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47694D0C9BE2FD93FD93FDCA" bold="true" box="[160,514,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Additional material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236E947694D0C9BE2FDAFFCCEFD8F" blockId="20.[160,1156,526,621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B353CB447694D0C9BE2FDAFFDD3FDA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3808176343" box="[160,578,562,587]" country="Panama" elevation="850" location="Prov. Cerro Azul" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34A767947694D0C9BE2FDAFFE98FDA9" box="[160,265,562,587]" name="Panama" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAFB47694D0C9A56FDAFFE4BFDA9" bold="true" box="[276,474,562,587]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999F80B47694D0C9A56FDAFFE4BFDA9" box="[276,474,562,587]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Prov. Cerro Azul</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA59B0C47694D0C9AACFDAFFDA8FDA9" box="[494,569,562,587]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" unit="m" value="850.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0070D1DA47694D0C9AACFDAFFDA8FDA9" box="[494,569,562,587]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" unit="m" value="850.0">850 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<date id="FFE3102947694D0C990FFDAFFD4FFDA9" box="[589,734,562,587]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" value="1998-07-17">17 July 1998</date>
|
||
. M.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B353CB447694D0C984CFDAFFB11FDA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3808176317" box="[782,1152,562,587]" collectionCode="CEMT" collectorName="El Valle" country="Panama" location="Hardy" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Cocle">
|
||
<location id="8E82603247694D0C984CFDAFFCC0FDA9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487FF476F4D0C9BBAFAFFFCCEFD8F:8E82603247694D0C984CFDAFFCC0FDA9" box="[782,849,562,587]" country="Panama" name="Hardy" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" stateProvince="Cocle">Hardy</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD6047694D0C9821FDAFFC13FDAB" box="[867,898,562,587]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE2C47694D0C98C9FDAFFC5EFDA9" box="[907,975,562,587]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4999F80B47694D0C98A2FDAFFBB1FDA9" box="[992,1056,562,587]" country="Panama" name="Cocle" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">Cocle</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName id="26A8533F47694D0C9F6EFDAFFB11FDA9" box="[1068,1152,562,587]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">El Valle</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. H.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B353CB447694D0C9BFCFDC9FEA8FD8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3808176340" box="[190,313,596,621]" country="Panama" location="Campestre" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">
|
||
<location id="8E82603247694D0C9BFCFDC9FEA8FD8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487FF476F4D0C9BBAFAFFFCCEFD8F:8E82603247694D0C9BFCFDC9FEA8FD8F" box="[190,313,596,621]" country="Panama" name="Campestre" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">Campestre</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD6047694D0C9A06FDC9FE01FD8F" box="[324,400,596,621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA59B0C47694D0C9A06FDC9FE1DFD8F" box="[324,396,596,621]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="FFE3102947694D0C9ADAFDC9FDBBFD8F" box="[408,554,596,621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" value="1999-05-24">24 May 1999</date>
|
||
. D.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B353CB447694D0C9911FDC9FCCBFD8F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3808176303" box="[595,858,596,621]" collectionCode="CEMT" country="Panama" location="Curoe" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">
|
||
<location id="8E82603247694D0C9911FDC9FD07FD8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487FF476F4D0C9BBAFAFFFCCEFD8F:8E82603247694D0C9911FDC9FD07FD8F" box="[595,662,596,621]" country="Panama" name="Curoe" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" stateProvince="Prov. Cerro Azul">Curoe</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD6047694D0C99EAFDC9FD56FD8E" box="[680,711,596,621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD6047694D0C998CFDC9FC95FD8E" box="[718,772,596,621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4CAE2C47694D0C9853FDC9FCC4FD8F" box="[785,853,596,621]" pageId="20" pageNumber="139">CEMT</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |