158 lines
21 KiB
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158 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="01D3CDB359B92D2288CC581D9B5A6549" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4021.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4472d319-44ed-4418-8158-44a857205d28" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="243458" ID-ZooBank="39804549-C2A5-4534-973B-4312AC140EDD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461276559675" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Trnka, Filip, Stejskal, Robert & Skuhrovec, Jiří" docDate="2015" docId="03F487E9FFC9FFC9FF48FDEE5907F99F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04021p446.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4021 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Adosomus roridus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="441" masterDocId="FFCDFF91FFC1FFC1FFDFFFA65B34FFB4" masterDocTitle="Biology and morphology of immature stages of Adosomus roridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae)" masterLastPageNumber="446" masterPageNumber="433" pageNumber="441" updateTime="1698612952398" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F4890038005D7B6718D366548170689D">
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<mods:title id="CCE0AC0100ED630AF737382279601E03">Biology and morphology of immature stages of Adosomus roridus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Lixinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D60617244A99128C4212C5A1238FFAEA">Trnka, Filip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F94B388F646CB09B7F0174EA80DFEA5A">Stejskal, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A58B22962BCC79D5ACD6ECA1C03EEF2">Skuhrovec, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D31504430CA2C620D13963FBFE1AB609">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9695D019FA88F8209F77F4FDAD638042">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9D15EBB97C6EEEC8C3056B6E9CC254BB">4021</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="CBC07E074F79C796ADE491C042F491E6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4021.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F487E9FFC9FFC9FF48FDEE5907F99F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6098563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6098563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F487E9FFC9FFC9FF48FDEE5907F99F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487E9FFC9FFC9FF48FDEE5907F99F" lastPageNumber="441" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">
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<subSubSection id="C3476574FFC9FFC9FF48FDEE5907F99F" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE236FFFFC9FFC9FF48FDEE5ACDFDD5" blockId="8.[151,505,583,610]" box="[151,505,583,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">
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<heading id="D0AA8193FFC9FFC9FF48FDEE5ACDFDD5" bold="true" box="[151,505,583,610]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FF48FDEE5ACDFDD5" bold="true" box="[151,505,583,610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">
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Biology of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D7CFFC9FFC9FEC3FDE15ACDFDD5" ID-CoL="655X6" box="[284,505,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Adosomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roridus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FEC3FDE15ACDFDD5" bold="true" box="[284,505,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Adosomus roridus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236FFFFC9FFC9FF48FD2858E4FC83" blockId="8.[151,1437,654,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FF48FD285BCEFD13" bold="true" box="[151,250,654,679]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Adults prefer dry, sunny places with host plants. In our study area, this species inhabited extensively used or fallow vineyards (
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<figureCitation id="13662A7AFFC9FFC9FE5DFD145AFBFD7F" box="[386,463,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1505]" captionTargetBox="[313,1266,393,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1276,391,1476]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Host plants and habitats of Adosomus roridus (Pallas, 1781): A—young host plant of Tanacetum vulgare, B—host plant Artemisia vulgaris, C – E: habitat in Slovakia (Pezinok-Grinava)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243463/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
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D–E), ruderal vegetation and road edges in the vicinity (
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<figureCitation id="13662A7AFFC9FFC9FB93FD145FBBFD7F" box="[1100,1167,690,715]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1505]" captionTargetBox="[313,1266,393,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1276,391,1476]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Host plants and habitats of Adosomus roridus (Pallas, 1781): A—young host plant of Tanacetum vulgare, B—host plant Artemisia vulgaris, C – E: habitat in Slovakia (Pezinok-Grinava)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243463/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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C). They inhabited both early and older succession stages of ruderal biotopes. Both adult individuals and immature stages were found in places with sparse vegetation, as well as in places with dense ruderal vegetation. Vineyard rows, where adults were often found, were manually or mechanically cultivated from time to time.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236FFFFC9FFC9FF18FCE45F20FBBB" blockId="8.[151,1437,654,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FF18FCE45AA5FCEF" bold="true" box="[199,401,834,859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Adult behaviour.</emphasis>
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We usually observed adults under the host plant’s rosette (
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<figureCitation id="13662A7AFFC9FFC9FBF6FCE45F58FCEF" box="[1065,1132,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1656,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1418,206,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Adult and immature stages of Adosomus roridus (Pallas, 1781): A—adult, B—egg in roots of Tanacetum vulgare, C—mature larva in gall, D—mature larva (removed from gall), E—pupa in gall of Tanacetum vulgare, F—pupa (removed from gall)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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A) near the stem base. The adults are diurnal, and during sunny weather, they may climb up the host plant, even reaching the flowers. At night and in cold weather, these beetles are hidden under the rosettes of host plants. This species has very reduced wings (five specimens examined) and thus is most likely flightless. Adults can be observed from April to September. Published records of adults are available from the beginning of April to September (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B0EFFC9FFC9FBB7FC745FC9FC5F" author="Roubal" box="[1128,1277,978,1003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" refString="Roubal, J. (1937 - 1941) Katalog Coleopter (Brouku) Slovenska a vychodnich Karpat na zaklade bionomickem a zoogeografickem a spolu systematicky doplnek Ganglbauerovych " Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa " a Reitterovy " Fauna Germanica ". Dil III. (Katalog der Coleopteren der Slowakei und der Ost-Karpathen auf bionomischer und zoogeographischer Grundlage und zugleich Erganzungen Ganglbauer's " Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa " und zu Reitter's " Fauna Germanica ". III. Teil.). Orbis, Praha, 363 pp." type="book" year="1937">
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Roubal
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<date id="FFE3103FFFC9FFC9FB1BFC755FC9FC5F" box="[1220,1277,979,1003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" value="1937" valueMax="1941">1937</date>
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</bibRefCitation>
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–1941,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B0EFFC9FFC9FA8CFC745BE6FBBB" author="Kofler" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" refString="Kofler, A. (1962 - 63) Interessante Kaferneufunde aus Osttirol. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 40 / 41, 23 - 44." type="journal article" year="1962">
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Kofler
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<date id="FFE3103FFFC9FFC9FF48FC505BE6FBBB" box="[151,210,1014,1039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" value="1962" valueMax="1963">1962</date>
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</bibRefCitation>
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–63). According to these findings, both larvae and some adults overwinter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236FFFFC9FFC9FF18FBBC5A45FB2B" blockId="8.[151,1437,654,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FF18FBBC5A62FB87" bold="true" box="[199,342,1050,1075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Host plants.</emphasis>
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Only adults of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D7CFFC9FFC9FDDBFBBC59E4FB87" box="[516,720,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Adosomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roridus">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FDDBFBBC59E4FB87" box="[516,720,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Adosomus roridus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are known to feed on several
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D7CFFC9FFC9FBFDFBBD5F96FB87" box="[1058,1186,1051,1075]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D7CFFC9FFC9FB73FBBD5EA8FB87" box="[1196,1436,1050,1075]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="absinthium">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FB73FBBD5EA8FB87" box="[1196,1436,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Artemisia absinthium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D7CFFC9FFC9FF62FB995A0DFBE3" box="[189,313,1086,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FF62FB995A0DFBE3" box="[189,313,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">A. vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D7CFFC9FFC9FE4FFB995953FBE3" box="[400,615,1086,1111]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tanacetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FE4FFB995953FBE3" box="[400,615,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Tanacetum vulgare</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B0EFFC9FFC9FD4AFB98585EFBE3" author="Smreczynski" box="[661,874,1086,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" refString="Smreczynski, S. (1968) Klucze do oznaczania owadow Polski, Czesc XIX, Chrzaszcze - Coleoptera. Zeszyt 98 c, Ryjkowce- Curculionidae, Podrodziny Tanymecinae, Cleoninae, Tanyrhynchinae, Hylobiinae. [Keys to the identification of Polish insects, Part XIX, Beetles - Coleoptera, No. 98 c, Tanymecinae, Cleoninae, Tanyrhynchinae, Hylobiinae]. Panstwowe wydawnictwo naukowe, Warszawa, 106 pp." type="book" year="1968">Smreczyński 1968</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B0EFFC9FFC9FCA9FB985F0DFBE3" author="Dieckmann" box="[886,1081,1086,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" refString="Dieckmann, L. (1983) Beitrage zur Insektenfauna der DDR: Coleoptera - Curculionidae (Tanymecinae, Leoptopiinae, Cleoninae, Tanyrhynchinae, Cossoninae, Raymondionyminae, Bagoinae, Tanysphyrinae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 33, 257 - 381." type="journal article" year="1983">Dieckmann 1983</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B0EFFC9FFC9FB9AFB985FF1FBE3" author="Koch" box="[1093,1221,1086,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" refString="Koch, K. (1992) Die Kafer Mitteleuropas, Okologie, Band 3. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 389 pp." type="book" year="1992">Koch 1992</bibRefCitation>
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). We observed that adults, especially at
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D7CFFC9FFC9FE5CFBC25968FBCF" box="[387,604,1122,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tanacetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FE5CFBC25968FBCF" box="[387,604,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Tanacetum vulgare</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13662A7AFFC9FFC9FDB1FBC45986FBCF" box="[622,690,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1505]" captionTargetBox="[313,1266,393,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1276,391,1476]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Host plants and habitats of Adosomus roridus (Pallas, 1781): A—young host plant of Tanacetum vulgare, B—host plant Artemisia vulgaris, C – E: habitat in Slovakia (Pezinok-Grinava)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243463/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A) and less at
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<taxonomicName id="4C5D4D7CFFC9FFC9FCBFFBC55F07FBCF" box="[864,1075,1122,1147]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FCBFFBC55F07FBCF" box="[864,1075,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Artemisia vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13662A7AFFC9FFC9FB9AFBC45FBFFBCF" box="[1093,1163,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1483,1505]" captionTargetBox="[313,1266,393,1472]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[310,1276,391,1476]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Host plants and habitats of Adosomus roridus (Pallas, 1781): A—young host plant of Tanacetum vulgare, B—host plant Artemisia vulgaris, C – E: habitat in Slovakia (Pezinok-Grinava)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243463/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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B), preferred larger and older polycormons.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE236FFFFC9FFC9FF18FB0C5FEBFA0B" blockId="8.[151,1437,654,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">
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<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FF18FB0C5A75FB77" bold="true" box="[199,321,1194,1219]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Life cycle.</emphasis>
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A female weevil bites the root neck/root of the host plant and lays an egg in the hole. The egg is
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<quantity id="4CA59B1AFFC9FFC9FA51FB0D5BF7FB52" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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long and yellow (
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<figureCitation id="13662A7AFFC9FFC9FE52FB685AE5FB53" box="[397,465,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1656,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1418,206,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Adult and immature stages of Adosomus roridus (Pallas, 1781): A—adult, B—egg in roots of Tanacetum vulgare, C—mature larva in gall, D—mature larva (removed from gall), E—pupa in gall of Tanacetum vulgare, F—pupa (removed from gall)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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B). A mature larva lives endophagously in the root neck or root where it feeds on plant tissues (
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<figureCitation id="13662A7AFFC9FFC9FF2DFB545A76FABF" box="[242,322,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1656,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1418,206,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Adult and immature stages of Adosomus roridus (Pallas, 1781): A—adult, B—egg in roots of Tanacetum vulgare, C—mature larva in gall, D—mature larva (removed from gall), E—pupa in gall of Tanacetum vulgare, F—pupa (removed from gall)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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C–D). During its development, the larva causes a swelling of the root (
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<figureCitation id="13662A7AFFC9FFC9FBB7FB545F99FABF" box="[1128,1197,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1656,1678]" captionTargetBox="[164,1418,206,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1635]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Adult and immature stages of Adosomus roridus (Pallas, 1781): A—adult, B—egg in roots of Tanacetum vulgare, C—mature larva in gall, D—mature larva (removed from gall), E—pupa in gall of Tanacetum vulgare, F—pupa (removed from gall)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243462/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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||
E). Usually, only one larva occupies a plant, but rarely, there were 2–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD76FFC9FFC9FD6DFAB1598AFA9B" box="[690,702,1303,1327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" type="larva">3</specimenCount>
|
||
larvae located on one plant; each larva created its own chamber. Mature larvae were found from the beginning of May to the second half of July. According to our observations, larvae of different instars overwinter and pupate the next year. Pupation occurs in the root neck/root. The new generation of adult beetles emerge from early summer to autumn. Some adults also overwinter, from early spring (beginning of April), which is supported by published data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B0EFFC9FFC9FCE9FA0058FDFA0B" author="Roubal" box="[822,969,1446,1471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" refString="Roubal, J. (1937 - 1941) Katalog Coleopter (Brouku) Slovenska a vychodnich Karpat na zaklade bionomickem a zoogeografickem a spolu systematicky doplnek Ganglbauerovych " Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa " a Reitterovy " Fauna Germanica ". Dil III. (Katalog der Coleopteren der Slowakei und der Ost-Karpathen auf bionomischer und zoogeographischer Grundlage und zugleich Erganzungen Ganglbauer's " Die Kafer von Mitteleuropa " und zu Reitter's " Fauna Germanica ". III. Teil.). Orbis, Praha, 363 pp." type="book" year="1937">
|
||
Roubal
|
||
<date id="FFE3103FFFC9FFC9FC4FFA0158FDFA0B" box="[912,969,1447,1471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" value="1937" valueMax="1941">1937</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–1941,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCC4B0EFFC9FFC9FBC3FA005F93FA0B" author="Kofler" box="[1052,1191,1446,1471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" refString="Kofler, A. (1962 - 63) Interessante Kaferneufunde aus Osttirol. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 40 / 41, 23 - 44." type="journal article" year="1962">
|
||
Kofler
|
||
<date id="FFE3103FFFC9FFC9FBB3FA005F93FA0B" box="[1132,1191,1446,1471]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" value="1962" valueMax="1963">1962</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–63).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE236FFFFC9FFC9FF18FA6C5907F99F" blockId="8.[151,1437,654,1579]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">
|
||
<emphasis id="B929EAEDFFC9FFC9FF18FA6C5AFBFA57" bold="true" box="[199,463,1482,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441">Rearing of the larvae.</emphasis>
|
||
For laboratory breeding,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5BFD76FFC9FFC9FD2BFA6C5868FA57" box="[756,860,1482,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="441" type="larva">15 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
were collected. Only older instars were able to be reared. Younger instars were hard to rear because the host plant root had a tendency to dry out and reduce its size, which led to destruction of the larva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |