178 lines
19 KiB
XML
178 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="417324A0D465DA84889DCAE841DF8BAF" ID-CLB-Dataset="31640" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.1040973" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9d2c1913-225a-4801-aa8c-817ac9c399bb" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1040973" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,jeremy" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jeremy" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jeremy" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_bibRefs="3" checkinTime="1509650296584" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Russell, Dale A." docDate="1970" docId="03E3C818544E532EFF74C5B03509FEED" docLanguage="en" docName="Russel_1970_Tyrannosaurus rex_Gorgosaurus lancensis(almost done).pdf.imf" docOrigin="Ottawa: National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontology, No. 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFDAB06054525333FFBFC024312CFFF2" masterDocTitle="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1689599032525" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="35A50C26771805042477A70A98024D91" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5439D2CD0E27633771A9781290B85CA0">
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<mods:title id="BD35ADCDA1555AA12D9E8E3D3C3C18E8">Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8E7B880A1D69D9CE0FD286443854E3A6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EA71CFBB7915D0E4D8E7BF2D32737677">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B867622A889B26C58C8C5902F2CA0A40">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="CE28B6258A5C3A9CA5641413331539CB">Russell, Dale A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CBB325F2D1BC5BFAFF6DECBC531D4A5F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="7329C1D3790405E78AA91BDD7454CACE">
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<mods:dateIssued id="B045646FAE2A138394F33878A4F847C3">1970</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="D401DAB401AD97209F45932E8A9A2A50" type="pubDate">1970-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="C23ED10219EC76EF3FE8887A6B15B3F8">National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontology, No. 1</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="F085DFAE50A174AD884572F38A2A71BD">
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<mods:placeTerm id="1E4881390B6FCFE4C2531AF691656DF6">Ottawa</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:classification id="A02EF4BB13A544B11EDAFD701EFFDEE9">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F14A0F6BCCAEC3241B0487C2A7DB0E6B" type="CLB-Dataset">31640</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FE58C843EBC4DDA5F90372DA8FD7BD10" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.1040973</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="485FD9163EE096FAA4ACBC11BAFE51A3" type="GBIF-Dataset">9d2c1913-225a-4801-aa8c-817ac9c399bb</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8D4228BB240EEAD3C25A566AE178BBEE" type="Zenodo-Dep">1040973</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03E3C818544E532EFF74C5B03509FEED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483004" ID-GBIF-Taxon="157407530" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3483004" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E3C818544E532EFF74C5B03509FEED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E3C818544E532EFF74C5B03509FEED" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C3502A85544E532FFF74C5B033ABFA55" box="[203,647,1420,1447]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF5790E544E532FFF74C5B033ABFA55" blockId="28.[203,1055,1404,1595]" box="[203,647,1420,1447]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A028D544E532FFF74C5B033ABFA55" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[203,647,1420,1447]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFEB0C5A833ABFA55" box="[271,647,1420,1447]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Tyrannosaurus rex</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3502A85544E532FFF72C5FC3533F9C8" box="[205,1055,1496,1595]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BF5790E544E532FFF72C5FC3092FA02" blockId="28.[203,1055,1404,1595]" box="[205,446,1496,1520]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF72C5FC3092FA02" box="[205,446,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Distribution</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF5790E544E532FFF43C6383533F9C8" blockId="28.[203,1055,1404,1595]" box="[252,1055,1562,1595]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF43C6383057F9C8" box="[252,379,1564,1594]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Upper</emphasis>
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Edmonton
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFDC0C63B3272F9C9" box="[639,862,1567,1595]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Formation</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFCC4C6053536F9C8" box="[891,1050,1569,1594]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Alberta</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3502A85544E532FFF73C6B13270F850" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF5790E544E532FFF73C6B13370F942" blockId="28.[204,1848,1684,1957]" box="[204,604,1684,1712]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF73C6B13370F942" box="[204,604,1684,1712]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Referred Specimens</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF5790E544E532FFF43C6E834BBF8C2" blockId="28.[204,1848,1684,1957]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<materialsCitation id="3B227353544E532FFF43C6E830CDF90B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2248085966" box="[252,481,1740,1788]" collectionCode="NMC" collectorName="C.M. Sternberg, W. Langston jr." country="Canada" formation="Upper Edmonton Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" location="7 miles east of Huxley, centre sec. 10, tp. 34, rge. 22, W. 4th mer., about 170 feet above Kneehills Tuff" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" preperations="phalanx of pes " specimenCode="NMC 9950" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 9950</materialsCitation>
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phalanx
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFD17C6F933F9F90A" box="[680,725,1757,1784]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">of</emphasis>
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pes (7 miles east
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFBFCC6FA3438F908" box="[1091,1300,1758,1786]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">of Huxley</emphasis>
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, centre sec. 10, tp. 34, rge. 22, W. 4th
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFDA8C73C3342F8C2" box="[535,622,1816,1840]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">mer</emphasis>
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., about 170 feet above
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFBEBC733343EF8C2" box="[1108,1298,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Kneehills</emphasis>
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Tuff").
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF5790E544E532FFF43C7193270F850" blockId="28.[204,1848,1684,1957]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<materialsCitation id="3B227353544E532FFF43C71930CDF89B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2248085969" box="[252,481,1853,1900]" collectionCode="NMC" collectorName="C.M. Sternberg, W. Langston jr." country="Canada" formation="Upper Edmonton Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" location="20 feet below and 200 yards south of locality for NMC 9950" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" preperations="fragment of cervical centrum" specimenCode="NMC 9954" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 9554</materialsCitation>
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fragment
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFD01C76A33C6F89A" box="[702,746,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">of</emphasis>
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cervical centrum (20 feet below and 200 yards south of
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFED9C7AD30D7F86D" box="[358,507,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">locality</emphasis>
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for NMC 9950).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3502A85544E532EFF72C7D33509FEED" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF5790E544E532FFF72C7D330B2F7E4" blockId="28.[200,1846,2039,2837]" box="[205,414,2039,2070]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D0BDCE62544E532FFF72C7D330B2F7E4" box="[205,414,2039,2070]" fontSize="9" level="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF72C7D330B2F7E4" box="[205,414,2039,2070]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Comments</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF5790E544E532FFF46C86434B0F642" blockId="28.[200,1846,2039,2837]" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF46C864306AF7AD" box="[249,326,2112,2143]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">The</emphasis>
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presence
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFDA0C8603360F7AD" box="[543,588,2116,2143]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">of</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A028D544E532FFDE1C86032AFF7AD" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[606,899,2116,2143]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFDE1C86032AFF7AD" box="[606,899,2116,2143]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in Lance equivalent upper Edmonton strata
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF75C8583020F764" box="[202,268,2172,2198]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">has</emphasis>
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been noted several times {see
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDB04FF544E532FFC39C85A35EEF76A" author="Sternberg, C. M." box="[902,1218,2174,2200]" firstAuthor="Sternberg" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Canada Bulletin" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" pagination="33 - 46" part="113" refId="ref12407" refString="(1949). The Edmonton fauna and description of a new Triceratops from the Upper Edmonton Member. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 113: 33 - 46." title="The Edmonton fauna and description of a new Triceratops from the Upper Edmonton Member" type="journal article" year="1949">Sternberg 1949</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDB04FF544E532FFB61C8A43777F76A" author="Russell, L. S." box="[1246,1627,2175,2200]" journalOrPublisher="Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contribution" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 24" part="61" refId="ref12336" refString="Russell, L. S. (1964). Cretaceous non-marine faunas of northwestern North America. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Contribution 61: 1 - 24." title="Cretaceous non-marine faunas of northwestern North America" type="journal article" year="1964">L. S. Russell 1964</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDB04FF544E532FF9C8C8583003F73D" author="Langston, W." firstAuthor="Langston" journalOrPublisher="University of Alberta, Edmonton" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" pagination="9 - 31" refId="ref11688" refString="Langston, W., jr. (1965). Pre-Cenozoic vertebrate paleontology in Alberta: its past and future. In Vertebrate paleontology in Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, p. 9 - 31." title="Pre-Cenozoic vertebrate paleontology in Alberta: its past and future" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Vertebrate paleontology in Alberta" year="1965">Langston 1965</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFEE8C8913083F73D" box="[343,431,2229,2255]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">This</emphasis>
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record is based primarily on a badly eroded and
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFA00C89C3756F723" box="[1471,1658,2232,2257]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">shattered</emphasis>
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skeleton observed by Sternberg in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDB04FF544E532FFD65C8D5321BF6FB" author="Sternberg, C. M." box="[730,823,2289,2313]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Canada Bulletin" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 20" part="103" refId="ref12389" refString="(1946). Canadian dinosaurs. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 103: 1 - 20." title="Canadian dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1946">1946</bibRefCitation>
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, weathering
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFBFEC8CB35AEF6FB" box="[1089,1154,2287,2313]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">out</emphasis>
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of a fractured concretion
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FF924C8CB37DEF6FB" box="[1691,1778,2287,2313]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">high</emphasis>
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on
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF75C901302BF6CF" box="[202,263,2341,2365]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">the</emphasis>
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face
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFEC3C902308BF6B2" box="[380,423,2342,2368]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">of</emphasis>
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a cliff".
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFDEEC9003532F6B2" box="[593,1054,2340,2368]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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Langston revisited
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFC5EC90C3532F6B2" bold="true" box="[993,1054,2344,2368]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">the</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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locality in 1960 and collected a
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF77C97A300CF687" box="[200,288,2398,2421]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">phalanx</emphasis>
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, noting
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFE6FC97B3340F685" box="[464,620,2399,2423]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">that the</emphasis>
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skeleton was even more badly damaged than when
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FF905C9443619F68B" box="[1722,1845,2400,2425]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Sternberg</emphasis>
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discovered it, and
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFD0DC9BC322DF642" box="[690,769,2456,2480]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">that</emphasis>
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little
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFC3DC9B33282F643" box="[898,942,2455,2481]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">of</emphasis>
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it still remained in situ.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF5790E544E532EFF45C9FE3509FEED" blockId="28.[200,1846,2039,2837]" lastBlockId="29.[209,1834,190,292]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF45C9FE306BF60B" box="[250,327,2522,2553]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">The</emphasis>
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phalanx (
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<materialsCitation id="3B227353544E532FFD9FC9F73222F609" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370324" box="[544,782,2515,2556]" collectionCode="NMC" collectorName="C.M. Sternberg, W. Langston jr." country="Canada" formation="Upper Edmonton Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" location="7 miles east of Huxley, centre sec. 10, tp. 34, rge. 22, W. 4th mer., about 170 feet above Kneehills Tuff" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" preperations="phalanx of pes " specimenCode="NMC 9950" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 9950</materialsCitation>
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) is
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFCDDC9C532B3F60B" box="[866,927,2529,2553]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">the</emphasis>
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fourth one of
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFB5FC9C63431F608" box="[1248,1309,2530,2554]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">the</emphasis>
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fourth
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFA78C9C63728F608" box="[1479,1540,2530,2554]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">toe</emphasis>
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and measures 53 mm in
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFE10CA3C3307F5C3" box="[431,555,2584,2609]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">length</emphasis>
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and about 80 mm across its distal articulation. Hence it is
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFF77CA6B3012F595" box="[200,318,2639,2663]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">larger</emphasis>
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and broader than
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFD03CA7533D5F59B" box="[700,761,2641,2665]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">the</emphasis>
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corresponding element
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFB59CA703426F598" box="[1254,1290,2644,2666]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">in</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A028D544E532FFAA5CA75371EF599" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1306,1586,2641,2667]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Albertosaurus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A028D544E532FF922CA75305DF56D" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FF922CA753619F599" box="[1693,1845,2641,2667]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Unfortunately only
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFCFFCAAE3250F550" box="[832,892,2698,2722]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">the</emphasis>
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first phalanx
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFB0CCAAD34EAF550" box="[1203,1478,2697,2724]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">of the fourth</emphasis>
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toe is known in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A028D544E532FFF76CA9A30C2F52B" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[201,494,2750,2777]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDB04FF544E532FFDB0CA9A32E7F529" author="OSBORN, H. F." box="[527,971,2750,2779]" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History Bulletin" pageId="28" pageNumber="19" pagination="281 - 296" part="22" refId="ref12085" refString="(1906). Tyrannosaurus, upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur (second communication). American Museum of Natural History Bulletin 22: 281 - 296." title="Tyrannosaurus, upper Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaur (second communication)" type="journal article" year="1906">
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFDB0CA9A3384F529" box="[527,680,2750,2779]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">Osborn</emphasis>
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1906: fig. 11
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFC46CAE5357DF529" box="[1017,1105,2753,2779]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">This</emphasis>
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bone is
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532FFAAACAE034FCF528" box="[1301,1488,2756,2778]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">relatively</emphasis>
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broader than in any known Oldman or Edmonton form, and by analogy it seems probable
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<emphasis id="B93EA51C544E532EF95CCADF3023FF19" italics="true" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="28" pageNumber="19">that the</emphasis>
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|
above
|
|
<emphasis id="B93EA51C544F532EFE0CC0F6331DFF19" box="[435,561,210,235]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="20">fourth</emphasis>
|
|
phalanx may
|
|
<emphasis id="B93EA51C544F532EFCD6C0F435A6FF18" box="[873,1162,207,234]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="20">indeed belong</emphasis>
|
|
to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C4A028D544F532EFB5FC0F53728FF18" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1248,1540,209,234]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="29" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The vertebra (
|
|
<materialsCitation id="3B227353544F532EFF60C0D830E5FED0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396370306" box="[223,457,252,292]" collectionCode="NMC" collectorName="C.M. Sternberg, W. Langston jr." country="Canada" formation="Upper Edmonton Formation" geologicalContext="Late Cretaceous" location="20 feet below and 200 yards south of locality for NMC 9950" pageId="29" pageNumber="20" preperations="fragment of cervical centrum" specimenCode="NMC 9954" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="Other material">NMC 9554</materialsCitation>
|
|
) is generically indeterminate.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |