264 lines
27 KiB
XML
264 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="409E6573CBCE1D846DA271300FFE6B03" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcf25fb0-17d2-4892-bd42-2dffdb549763" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266311" ID-ZooBank="201C6F0F-D061-427D-96A2-50879D46D32D" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1457600431218" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Burns, Kevin J., Unitt, Philip & Mason, Nicholas A." docDate="2016" docId="03E387FFFFEBFFA44A9681E1FF15FEFC" docLanguage="en" docName="15576-5105-1-PB.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4088 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Asemospiza Burns, Unitt & Mason, 2016, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="334" masterDocId="FFDAFF87FFEEFFA24A018234FFE2FFC3" masterDocTitle="A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)" masterLastPageNumber="354" masterPageNumber="329" pageNumber="334" updateTime="1698191538604" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6281EF642B19F194EDFB895B64087915">
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<mods:title id="039E6D32A70826539F6F85F648DAC173">A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="545C6E370A5E58BE14273591FCADD73F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B6AAFBFB0FD934AD99D35251BDFB43EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FB99F618B4FEB703E8BF362E0119CAFC">Burns, Kevin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="70B0706FFEC2884A2FF098B7EC2220AD">Unitt, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="21DB74465CEB97A728EE4545070D8093" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="286E24244DFBED1FDC7FE79757FE1107">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="95D142813F13D30C6038B998A2F3EC28">Mason, Nicholas A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CEB0FCBED19F866DDD1FAF051DF5CA56">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3B4D303027807F406BDFA8AFD1ECE299">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BD6D36A34D476069E3EF8261EFD91BF7">
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<mods:date id="8260326A590E591EDC4F720A0E200D4C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4B9B9EFDEA613DAC287C96C06D499F2F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D672F383829B6BD1F375C967139EE8C3">4088</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C93877CB96E05C9F7F6B836AF538CABD" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="A3464DE4B25F6A523141C19F04589C48">3</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0B779E6B3E2C309330286B63C08C367C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="03E387FFFFEBFFA44A9681E1FF15FEFC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6089996" ID-GBIF-Taxon="117198825" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6089996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E387FFFFEBFFA44A9681E1FF15FEFC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387FFFFEBFFA44A9681E1FF15FEFC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="334" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
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<subSubSection id="C3506562FFEBFFA74A9681E1FDF5FC2E" box="[151,535,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFEBFFA74A9681E1FDF5FC2E" blockId="5.[151,1437,980,2013]" box="[151,535,980,1005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
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7.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74AB281E0FED5FC2F" ID-CoL="9G72C" box="[179,311,980,1004]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74AB281E0FED5FC2F" box="[179,311,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Asemospiza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20D5780FFEBFFA74B4481E1FE5EFC2F" box="[325,444,981,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13712A6CFFEBFFA74BCD81E0FDECFC2E" box="[460,526,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[466,1121,203,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[461,1125,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree from the Bayesian analyses of Burns et al. (2014). Subfamilies Coerebinae and Tachyphoninae shown. Labeling and format as in Fig. 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266313/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3506562FFEBFFA74AC681CCFB4FFBCC" box="[199,1197,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFEBFFA74AC681CCFB4FFBCC" blockId="5.[151,1437,980,2013]" box="[199,1197,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
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Type species.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74B6581C3FD29FBD3" authority="Wied, 1831" authorityName="Wied" authorityYear="1831" box="[356,715,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Fringilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74B6581C3FDA2FBD3" box="[356,576,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Fringilla fuliginosa</emphasis>
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Wied, 1831
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</taxonomicName>
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, currently recognized as
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA749E281CCFB45FBD3" box="[995,1191,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA749E281CCFB45FBD3" box="[995,1191,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Tiaris fuliginosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3506562FFEBFFA74AC68628FD91FB2B" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFEBFFA74AC68628FD91FB2B" blockId="5.[151,1437,980,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
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Included species.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74B958628FCD0FBF6" authority="Wied, 1831" authorityName="Wied" authorityYear="1831" box="[404,818,1052,1077]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74B958628FD70FBF6" box="[404,658,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Asemospiza fuliginosa</emphasis>
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(Wied, 1831)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA7496F8628FC08FBF6" box="[878,1002,1052,1077]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA7496F8628FC08FBF6" box="[878,1002,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">A. obscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(d’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837), the latter currently recognized as
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74BF68674FD9EFB9B" box="[503,636,1087,1112]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74BF68674FD9EFB9B" box="[503,636,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">T. obscurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Because the name
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA7496E8674FC11FB9B" box="[879,1011,1088,1112]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA7496E8674FC11FB9B" box="[879,1011,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Asemospiza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is feminine in gender and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74F3D8674FA9EFB94" box="[1340,1404,1088,1111]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74F3D8674FA9EFB94" box="[1340,1404,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Tiaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is masculine, the endings of the adjectival specific epithets change, as do the following adjectival subspecific names:
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74A9686BCFEA8FB63" box="[151,330,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
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T. f.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74ACE86B3FEA8FB63" box="[207,330,1159,1184]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">fuliginosus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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becomes
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74BC186BCFD8EFB63" box="[448,620,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
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A. f.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74BFD86B3FD8EFB63" box="[508,620,1159,1184]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA7487D86BCFCF2FB63" box="[636,784,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">T. f. fumosus</emphasis>
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(Lawrence, 1874) becomes
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74E5A86BCFB0AFB63" box="[1115,1256,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">A. f. fumosa</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74EF886BCFA7EFB63" box="[1273,1436,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
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T. o.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74F3686B3FA7EFB63" box="[1335,1436,1159,1184]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">obscurus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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becomes
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74B058698FE43FB06" box="[260,417,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
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A. o.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74B468698FE43FB06" box="[327,417,1196,1221]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">obscura</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74BE68699FD6EFB06" box="[487,652,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">T. o. pacificus</emphasis>
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(Koepcke, 1963) becomes
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA749D18698FB8CFB06" box="[976,1134,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">A. o. pacifica</emphasis>
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. Other subspecific names currently used in this genus are invariable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3506562FFEBFFA74AC686C0FC9EF91C" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFEBFFA74AC686C0FC9EF91C" blockId="5.[151,1437,980,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
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Diagnosis. Like several other species within Coerebinae, these two species have small conical bills. However, neither
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74AF1872CFE66FAF3" box="[240,388,1303,1328]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74AF1872CFE66FAF3" box="[240,388,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">A. fuliginosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nor
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74BC0872CFDDDFAF3" box="[449,575,1303,1328]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74BC0872CFDDDFAF3" box="[449,575,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">A. obscura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the markings of many of these species. They lack the yellow facial markings found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74B738709FDC5FA96" box="[370,551,1340,1365]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74B738709FDC5FA96" box="[370,551,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Tiaris olivaceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA748638708FD38FA96" box="[610,730,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Phonipara</emphasis>
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or the greenish upperparts found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74E808708FA88FA96" box="[1153,1386,1340,1365]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Melanospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74E808708FA88FA96" box="[1153,1386,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Melanospiza bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74A968754FE54FABB" authority="Bryant, 1866" authorityName="Bryant" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,438,1376,1400]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Loxipasser" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74A968754FEF0FAB4" box="[151,274,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Loxipasser</emphasis>
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Bryant, 1866
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</taxonomicName>
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. They also lack the orange to reddish facial markings of the bullfinches (
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74F11876BFEC9FA5F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
|
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Pyrrhulagra
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74A9687B1FEC9FA5F" box="[151,299,1413,1436]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Loxigilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="portoricensis">portoricensis</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74B3C87B1FE5EFA5E" box="[317,444,1412,1437]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Loxigilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="violacea">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74B3C87B1FE5EFA5E" box="[317,444,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">P. violacea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA7480287B0FCF2FA5E" authority="Lesson, 1831" authorityName="Lesson" authorityYear="1831" box="[515,784,1412,1437]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Loxigilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA7480287B0FD8AFA5E" box="[515,616,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Loxigilla</emphasis>
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Lesson, 1831
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</taxonomicName>
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), which are also conical-billed species classified in the Coerebinae. Instead, the two species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74865879CFD0BFA03" box="[612,745,1448,1472]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74865879CFD0BFA03" box="[612,745,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Asemospiza</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are mostly unmarked. Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74E65879CFB14FA03" box="[1124,1270,1447,1472]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74E65879CFB14FA03" box="[1124,1270,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">A. fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are uniformly black, but differ thus from the other species in Coerebinae that are mostly black: they lack the pink feet of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74A9687DBFEC4F9CB" box="[151,294,1519,1544]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Melanospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74A9687DBFEC4F9CB" box="[151,294,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Melanospiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the white wing markings of
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA7486D87DBFCDBF9C4" box="[620,825,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
|
||
Pyrrhulagra
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA748FC87C4FCDBF9C4" box="[765,825,1520,1543]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Melopyrrha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">nigra</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, or the white undertail markings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74EC887C4FAD3F9CB" box="[1225,1329,1520,1544]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Geospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74EC887C4FAD3F9CB" box="[1225,1329,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Geospiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74AB78420FEA4F9EE" box="[182,326,1556,1581]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74AB78420FEA4F9EE" box="[182,326,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">A. fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74B7E8420FE18F9EE" box="[383,506,1556,1581]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74B7E8420FE18F9EE" box="[383,506,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">A. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to each other: both are unpatterned, mostly brown, and slightly darker above than below. In addition to these morphological characters, we have identified 10 unreversed molecular synapomorphies across two genes (numbered by their position in the gene alignment). These are, for cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74F2A8468FADBF9B6" box="[1323,1337,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">b</emphasis>
|
||
: C147G, C195T, C325T, C358A, A417G, and C750T; for ND2: C211T, C345T, C367T, C507A. The two species are also the only members of the Coerebinae restricted to South America. Cladistically, we define this genus as the descendants of the common ancestor of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74BCB84FCFD27F923" box="[458,709,1735,1760]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74BCB84FCFD27F923" box="[458,709,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Asemospiza fuliginosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA748FD84FCFC97F923" box="[764,885,1735,1760]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscura">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA748FD84FCFC97F923" box="[764,885,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">A. obscura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3506562FFEBFFA74AC684D8FA84F88F" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFEBFFA74AC684D8FA84F88F" blockId="5.[151,1437,980,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
|
||
Etymology.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74B5384D8FE35F8C7" box="[338,471,1772,1796]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74B5384D8FE35F8C7" box="[338,471,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Asemospiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is formed from the Greek ἄσηΜος, “unmarked,” in reference to the unstreaked drab plumage of the two component species, and Greek σπίζα, the chaffinch
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA749ED853BFB53F8EB" box="[1004,1201,1807,1832]" class="Aves" family="Fringillidae" genus="Fringilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelebs">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA749ED853BFB53F8EB" box="[1004,1201,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Fringilla coelebs</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, commonly used in ornithology in the coining of names of finch-like birds. Its gender is feminine, in accord with Greek grammar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3506562FFEBFFA44AC6856CFF15FEFC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF536E9FFEBFFA44AC6856CFF15FEFC" blockId="5.[151,1437,980,2013]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="335" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">
|
||
Comments. The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74BE1856CFD09F8B3" authority="Swainson, 1827" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1827" box="[480,747,1879,1904]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74BE1856CFDC2F8AC" box="[480,544,1880,1903]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Tiaris</emphasis>
|
||
Swainson, 1827
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74961856CFB31F8B3" authority="Swainson, 1827" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1827" box="[864,1235,1879,1904]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusillus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74961856CFBEAF8B3" box="[864,1032,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Tiaris pusillus</emphasis>
|
||
Swainson, 1827
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, currently
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74F5A856CFEE3F856" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olivaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74F5A856CFEE3F856" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Tiaris olivaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), includes five species representing four distinct clades within the subfamily Coerebinae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13712A6CFFEBFFA74F188548FA83F856" box="[1305,1377,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1933,1955]" captionTargetBox="[466,1121,203,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[461,1125,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Maximum clade credibility tree from the Bayesian analyses of Burns et al. (2014). Subfamilies Coerebinae and Tachyphoninae shown. Labeling and format as in Fig. 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266313/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). No species or set of species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74BFA8595FDD9F87B" box="[507,571,1953,1976]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74BFA8595FDD9F87B" box="[507,571,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">Tiaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forms an exclusive clade with the type species; hence we make this recommendation and recommendations 4, 5, and 6 above. Two of the five species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74E4285F1FB39F81E" box="[1091,1243,1988,2013]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74E4285F1FB39F81E" box="[1091,1243,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">T. fuliginosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFEBFFA74F1285F1FA77F81E" box="[1299,1429,1988,2013]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Tiaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFEBFFA74F1285F1FA77F81E" box="[1299,1429,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="334">T. obscurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, form a strongly supported monophyletic group (PP = 1.0, ML bootstrap = 100%) and are geographic replacements of each other (Bates 1997). These two species form the sister clade to the Darwin’s finches (PP = 1.0, ML bootstrap = 71%). Therefore, unless these two species are merged into a broad genus that includes all the Darwin’s finches, a new genus is needed for their clade, and there being no generic name available, we provide
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4A4D6AFFE8FFA44EBD8330FAA2FEDF" box="[1212,1344,260,284]" class="Aves" family="Thraupidae" genus="Asemospiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="334" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93EEAFBFFE8FFA44EBD8330FAA2FEDF" box="[1212,1344,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="335">Asemospiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for this purpose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |