211 lines
37 KiB
XML
211 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="E57E49E884730FA7C235127F9C19A6A1" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff076df5-cca3-4f47-9e73-cc7f8d200114" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="266905" ID-ZooBank="E62BCD9D-4686-4E20-83C2-5296E5C30F54" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1472454028169" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas & Schwarz, Christian J." docDate="2016" docId="03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4158.2.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4158 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Chordodes caledoniensis Villot 1874" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="255" masterDocId="FFE4683FFF9AC229910CFF8AFFA53712" masterDocTitle="Nematomorpha from the Philippines, with description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="260" masterPageNumber="246" pageNumber="255" updateTime="1698383163498" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="4E5C228E295A14695CE8E1568E5289A9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="BDA718FF39DE0BD9499F8187CAAC8127">
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<mods:title id="C5DCF0F63BC695ECFB9ACBE71AA8A7F7">Nematomorpha from the Philippines, with description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="86F4B9B6E3555885E596F648E16BD693" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9AC2EC035D52C172A0F60E98372952A3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3DC4C79DAD96AB509C28EE73E3502FD9">Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="BFD773365AEDAFAA8E06F2DFA9605A13" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="69D3C28813043F0A3DC34FFCE7D11C41">
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<mods:roleTerm id="91AE54B3F891F998BF10A09AC9708A25">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B2BDC854D53DB63FC3AA5EA59B301216">Schwarz, Christian J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9FE26F2B96D6293DE4561199215D6C90">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="B37BB689B1C09217907C30CB56C7DE82">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E151873FAF5F8C12437F0F422469FBD2">
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<mods:date id="1FB3A90AF67D93103828EBF037A17A44">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="68049CF9C89B57580FE325489577DF25" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F812A26A9D28B1BF2CC188DF2C00C03C">4158</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6959C5F69F998FF306BB792DC7D7485E" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5A6B2361B31B348AEB50F2DF4F07813C">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="9A34F59AA04E48AC103A8058B895F4D1">246</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="8DA39797885E64DD6CA3BB4684EB5EDB">260</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="115255A2976EBABE1AB9DE7338477A11">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="72BEB0B2439C11257743FC60CE4B0879" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9EC45C2B405C03460F479F267F8EEA6C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A9E4709FD9120B886CFB337A694D3D06" type="Zenodo-Dep">266905</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="632705938340B266F8826470FD52529A" type="ZooBank">E62BCD9D-4686-4E20-83C2-5296E5C30F54</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6080980" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124408274" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6080980" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC" lastPageNumber="255" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
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<subSubSection id="C36EF2DAFF93C220919BFEE5FEAD36B9" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCBA151FF93C220919BFEE5FDFC3698" blockId="9.[151,601,367,427]" box="[151,601,367,394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
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<heading id="D083163DFF93C220919BFEE5FDFC3698" bold="true" box="[151,601,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C74DAD2FF93C220919BFEE5FDFC3698" ID-CoL="5YCHX" authority="Villot, 1874" authorityName="Villot" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,601,367,394]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="caledoniensis">
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<emphasis id="B9007D43FF93C220919BFEE5FDFC3698" bold="true" box="[151,601,367,394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="B9007D43FF93C220919BFEE5FE66369B" bold="true" box="[151,451,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Chordodes caledoniensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE5DCA0FF93C22090C7FEFAFDFC3698" author="Villot" box="[459,601,368,394]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" refString="Villot, A. (1874) Monographie des Dragonneaux (Genre Gordius, Dujardin), introduction + premiere partie. Taxonomie et histoire naturelle. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 3, 39 - 72." type="journal article" year="1874">Villot, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCBA151FF93C220919BFE18FEAD36B9" blockId="9.[151,601,367,427]" box="[151,264,402,427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C2209192FE18FF5B36B9" box="[158,254,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36EF2DAFF93C220919BFE50FDC635B5" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BCBA151FF93C220919BFE50FDC635B5" blockId="9.[151,1437,474,1471]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
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<materialsCitation id="3B1CAB0CFF93C220919BFE50FC4F3504" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1300284064" country="Philippines" county="Panay Island" elevation="195" latitude="11.513783" location="Material" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="122.184814" municipality="Barangay Maria" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aklan">
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<emphasis id="B9007D43FF93C220919BFE50FE2336E1" bold="true" box="[151,390,474,499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
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<location id="8EABF78AFF93C220919BFE50FF5A36E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC:8EABF78AFF93C220919BFE50FF5A36E1" box="[151,255,474,499]" country="Philippines" county="Panay Island" latitude="11.513783" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="122.184814" municipality="Barangay Maria" name="Material" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Aklan">Material</location>
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examined.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EABF78AFF93C220909FFE51FE6136E0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC:8EABF78AFF93C220909FFE51FE6136E0" box="[403,452,475,498]" country="Philippines" county="Panay Island" latitude="11.513783" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="122.184814" municipality="Barangay Maria" name="Two" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Aklan">Two</location>
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females from
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<location id="8EABF78AFF93C2209374FE50FC4B36E1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC:8EABF78AFF93C2209374FE50FC4B36E1" box="[632,1006,474,499]" country="Philippines" county="Panay Island" latitude="11.513783" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="122.184814" municipality="Barangay Maria" name="Central Panay Mountain Range" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Aklan">Central Panay Mountain Range</location>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BAF3B2BFF93C22092F2FE51FB1F36E1" box="[1022,1210,474,499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Barangay Maria</collectingMunicipality>
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<taxonomicName id="4C74DAD2FF93C22095CBFE50FA3D36E1" authority="Madalag" authorityName="Madalag" box="[1223,1432,474,499]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangiidae" genus="Cristina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cristina, Madalag</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49B06FB3FF93C220919BFE74FF7B3505" box="[151,222,510,535]" country="Philippines" name="Aklan" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Aklan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62AAD9DDFF93C22091E7FE75FE253505" box="[235,384,510,535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Panay Island</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="F363E1C1FF93C2209081FE74FDAE3505" box="[397,523,510,535]" name="Philippines" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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(
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE40C796FF93C2209311FE75FD1A3504" box="[541,703,511,535]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" precision="1" value="11.513783">11° 30.827' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE40C796FF93C22093C0FE75FCDC3505" box="[716,889,511,535]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" precision="1" value="122.184814">122° 11.089' E</geoCoordinate>
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), ~
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<quantity id="4C8C0CB4FF93C2209292FE74FC4F3504" box="[926,1002,510,535]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="195.0">
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<elevation id="00594662FF93C2209292FE74FC4F3504" box="[926,1002,510,535]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="m" value="195.0">195 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B1CAB0CFF93C22092F4FE74FDC635B5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1300284059" collectingDate="2013-01-31" collectorName="G. Operiano & J. Jamangal" country="Philippines" county="Deposited" location="Both" municipality="Specimens" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hamburg">
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||
mixed primary and secondary forest; host collected by
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<collectorName id="2681C487FF93C220906DFDA9FE4F3529" box="[353,490,546,571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">G. Operiano</collectorName>
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||
&
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<collectorName id="2681C487FF93C220931EFDA9FD323529" box="[530,663,546,571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">J. Jamangal</collectorName>
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||
on
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<date id="FFCA8791FF93C22093C9FDA9FC293529" box="[709,908,547,571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" value="2013-01-31">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF8E7E79FF93C22093C9FDA9FC293529" box="[709,908,547,571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" value="2013-01-31">January 31, 2013</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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||
<location id="8EABF78AFF93C2209294FDA8FC6B3529" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC:8EABF78AFF93C2209294FDA8FC6B3529" box="[920,974,546,571]" country="Philippines" county="Deposited" municipality="Specimens" name="Both" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" stateProvince="Hamburg">Both</location>
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specimens (
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<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C2209552FDA8FB073529" box="[1118,1186,546,571]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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A) were half emerged from an undescribed
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<taxonomicName id="4C74DAD2FF93C220908EFDCCFE57354D" box="[386,498,582,607]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Mantodea</taxonomicName>
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upon preservation of the latter (description of host in preparation by second author).
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BAF3B2BFF93C220919BFDE0FEB53591" box="[151,272,618,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Specimens</collectingMunicipality>
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were removed from host for sex determination.
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||
<collectingCounty id="62AAD9DDFF93C220926FFDE0FC703591" box="[867,981,618,643]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Deposited</collectingCounty>
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in the Zoological Museum
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||
<collectingRegion id="49B06FB3FF93C2209420FDE0FA3D3591" box="[1324,1432,618,643]" country="Germany" name="Hamburg" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Hamburg</collectingRegion>
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, accession numbers
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||
<accessionNumber id="94273CB2FF93C220907DFD05FE6E35B5" box="[369,459,655,679]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13379" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="EnaNcbi">V13379</accessionNumber>
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and
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||
<accessionNumber id="94273CB2FF93C220930DFD05FDFA35B5" box="[513,607,655,679]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/V13380" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="EnaNcbi">V13380</accessionNumber>
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.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36EF2DAFF93C22091CBFD38FF1D338D" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCBA151FF93C22091CBFD38FDC03448" blockId="9.[151,1437,474,1471]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
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<emphasis id="B9007D43FF93C22091CBFD38FEFC35D9" bold="true" box="[199,345,690,715]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Description.</emphasis>
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||
One of the two specimens (named here specimen 1) was almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C22091F8FD5CFE9C35FD" box="[244,313,726,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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H), which is torn open in several regions and allows selective views on the structure of the adult cuticle underneath (Fig. I, J). Specimen 2 was almost completely molted, but larval cuticle was still covering parts of the posterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C220908DFC94FE613425" box="[385,452,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Both specimens are very small, specimen 1 is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C0CB4FF93C22092FCFC94FB9A3424" box="[1008,1087,798,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
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||
long and specimen 2 measures
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C0CB4FF93C220919BFCC8FF4C3448" box="[151,233,834,859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Both have a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8C0CB4FF93C2209304FCC8FDC53448" box="[520,608,834,859]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBA151FF93C22091CBFCECFF1D338D" blockId="9.[151,1437,474,1471]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
|
||
The cuticle contains simple areoles which are irregular in structure, no surface substructure was observed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C2209463FCECFF0334B1" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Tubercle areoles are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C2209320FC00FDD734B1" box="[556,626,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D), thorn areoles were not observed. Bulging areoles occur on the cuticle, mostly in pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C22090B5FC24FDA434D5" box="[441,513,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D). They carry very short apical bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C22092FEFC24FB9F34D5" box="[1010,1082,942,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D). Clusters composed of two crowned areoles and 8–10 circumcluster areoles are present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C220925FFC58FC3234F9" box="[851,919,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D, E, G, I, J). Crowned areoles have short (about 10 µm) apical filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C2209314FC7CFDC5331D" box="[536,608,1014,1039]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D) that radiate towards all sides of the areole, which has a central depression on top (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C220907BFB90FE183321" box="[375,445,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). Apical filaments can be slightly branched (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C2209505FB90FBF43321" box="[1033,1105,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="FFCA8791FF93C220954DFB91FBF43321" box="[1089,1105,1051,1075]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">7</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I). The circumcluster areoles resemble the bulging areoles in structure. On both sides along the ventral midline there are crowned areoles with very long (> 70 µm) apical filaments, these crowned areoles appear to have longer and shorter filaments (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134FBDD4FF93C220944CFBE8FA263368" box="[1344,1411,1122,1147]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1677]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,209,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1436,195,1633]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Chordodes caledoniensis. A. Both specimens emerging simultaneously from specimen of Theopompa sp. (Mantodea). For investigation, specimens were completely removed from their host. B – G from specimen (2), H – J from specimen (1). B. Ventral side showing the arrangement of crowned areole clusters with long filaments (arrows) along both sides of the ventral midline (white line). C, D. Structure of crowned areoles (crar), circumcluster areoles (ccar), tubercle areoles (tuar) and bulging areoles (bar). E. Magnification of clusters with crowned areoles with long filaments. F. The posterior end is partly covered by larval cuticle (lc). G. Areoles in the posterior end are further apart from each other than in anterior regions. H. Body is almost completely wrapped in larval cuticle (lc), which is torn open in many places. I, J. Larval cuticle is open above clusters with crowned areoles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266912/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
B, E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36EF2DAFF93C22091CBFB20FE9332AC" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCBA151FF93C22091CBFB20FE9332AC" blockId="9.[151,1437,474,1471]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9007D43FF93C22091CBFB20FE9E33D1" bold="true" box="[199,315,1194,1219]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The structure of the cuticle corresponds largely to the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74DAD2FF93C220954FFB20FAF933D1" box="[1091,1372,1194,1219]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="caledoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9007D43FF93C220954FFB20FAF933D1" box="[1091,1372,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Chordodes caledoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This species was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5DCA0FF93C22090C0FB44FDC633F5" author="Villot" box="[460,611,1230,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" refString="Villot, A. (1874) Monographie des Dragonneaux (Genre Gordius, Dujardin), introduction + premiere partie. Taxonomie et histoire naturelle. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 3, 39 - 72." type="journal article" year="1874">Villot (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
on the basis of three specimens from New Caledonia.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1CAB0CFF93C22095F0FB44FE9332AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1300284053" country="Australia" county="Sumatra" location="Only" municipality="Villot" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5DCA0FF93C22095F0FB44FA3933F5" author="Dorier" box="[1276,1436,1230,1255]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" refString="Dorier, A. (1946) Revision de quelques especes de Gordiaces. Bulletin du Museum National de Histoire Naturelle, 18, 480 - 494." type="journal article" year="1946">Dorier (1946)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reinvestigated these specimens and found them to be one male and two females. According to him only one female, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CF1FF3FF93C22091CAFA9CFE8E323D" box="[198,299,1302,1327]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, showed the characters for this species.
|
||
<location id="8EABF78AFF93C2209218FA9CFCE9323D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC:8EABF78AFF93C2209218FA9CFCE9323D" box="[788,844,1302,1327]" country="Australia" county="Sumatra" municipality="Villot" name="Only" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Only</location>
|
||
drawings are available, no photographic or SEM documentation has been given to date.
|
||
<location id="8EABF78AFF93C2209358FAB0FD4D3241" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC:8EABF78AFF93C2209358FAB0FD4D3241" box="[596,744,1338,1363]" country="Australia" county="Sumatra" municipality="Villot" name="Nevertheless" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Nevertheless</location>
|
||
, the drawings of the cuticular structure correspond well with what was observed here for the specimens investigated.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5DCA0FF93C2209228FAD5FC603265" author="Romer" box="[804,965,1374,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" refString="Romer, F. (1896) Beitrag zur Systematik der Gordiiden. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 23, 249 - 295." type="journal article" year="1896">
|
||
<location id="8EABF78AFF93C2209228FAD5FCD53264" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC:8EABF78AFF93C2209228FAD5FCD53264" box="[804,880,1375,1398]" country="Australia" county="Sumatra" municipality="Villot" name="Romer" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Römer</location>
|
||
(1896)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE5DCA0FF93C220950DFAD5FB6C3265" author="Camerano" box="[1025,1225,1375,1399]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" refString="Camerano, L. (1897) Monografia dei Gordii. Memoire della Reale Accademia delle Science di Torino, 47, 339 - 415." type="journal article" year="1897">
|
||
<location id="8EABF78AFF93C220950DFAD5FBD13265" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD1047FF93C220919BFEE5FE9332AC:8EABF78AFF93C220950DFAD5FBD13265" box="[1025,1140,1375,1399]" country="Australia" county="Sumatra" municipality="Villot" name="Camerano" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Camerano</location>
|
||
(1897)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized two further species described by
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAF3B2BFF93C22090EBFA08FD8F3289" box="[487,554,1410,1435]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Villot</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74DAD2FF93C2209335FA09FD473289" box="[569,738,1411,1435]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="sumatrensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9007D43FF93C2209335FA09FD473289" box="[569,738,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">C. sumatrensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AAD9DDFF93C2209222FA09FC2B3289" box="[814,910,1411,1435]" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Sumatra</collectingCounty>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74DAD2FF93C22092DDFA09FB253289" box="[977,1152,1410,1435]" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="tuberculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9007D43FF93C22092DDFA09FB253289" box="[977,1152,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">C. tuberculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F363E1C1FF93C22095C0FA08FA933289" box="[1228,1334,1410,1435]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C74DAD2FF93C220948EFA09FE8A32AD" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gordioidea" pageId="9" pageNumber="255" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="caledoniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9007D43FF93C220948EFA09FE8A32AD" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="255">C. caledoniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |