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<document id="62E329D0D7D83271F823833382891756" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.278408" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a094bd8-4285-408f-ad78-89681bc13477" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="278408" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460334425779" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mlíkovský, Jiří &amp; Frahnert, Sylke" docDate="2011" docId="03BF733CFFF5FFD9FF70789C36B4358E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02990p029.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2990" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ixos xanthopygos Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="FF860B44FFFBFFD6FFE77F1B35393356" masterDocTitle="Type specimens and type localities of birds collected during the Hemprich and Ehrenberg expedition to Lebanon in 1824" masterLastPageNumber="29" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698259450870" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="10B5E47312FB6BAF263D84C45C0B9C38">Type specimens and type localities of birds collected during the Hemprich and Ehrenberg expedition to Lebanon in 1824</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4222491AD24D902BE8E91EFCA257B8B">Mlíkovský, Jiří</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4F74799E62BFDE3519AFB69AFD1984FA">2011</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BF733CFFF5FFD9FF70789C36B4358E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6185605" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119405019" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6185605" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF733CFFF5FFD9FF70789C36B4358E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF733CFFF5FFD9FF70789C36B4358E" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="C30C91A1FFF5FFD8FF70789C37A634F7" box="[151,671,1927,1953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF5FFD8FF70789C37A634F7" blockId="14.[151,671,1927,1953]" box="[151,671,1927,1953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading id="D0E17546FFF5FFD8FF70789C37A634F7" bold="true" box="[151,671,1927,1953]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF5FFD8FF70789C37A634F7" authority="Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg" authorityName="Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg" box="[151,671,1927,1953]" class="Aves" family="Pycnonotidae" genus="Ixos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopygos">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF5FFD8FF70789C37A634F7" bold="true" box="[151,671,1927,1953]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF5FFD8FF70789C345234F7" bold="true" box="[151,363,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixos xanthopygos</emphasis>
Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C91A1FFF5FFD9FF7078CB314E33F9" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF5FFD8FF7078CB379034B2" blockId="14.[151,681,1998,2021]" box="[151,681,1998,2021]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB06E504FFF5FFD8FF7078CB379034B2" box="[151,681,1998,2021]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF5FFD8FF7078CB379D34B2" authority="Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1833: 54" authorityName="Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,676,1998,2021]" class="Aves" family="Pycnonotidae" genus="Ixos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopygos">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF5FFD8FF7078CB347E34B3" box="[151,327,1999,2021]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ixos xanthopygos</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB7E43BFFF5FFD8FEAA78D5379D34B2" author="Hemprich" box="[333,676,1998,2020]" page="54" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1833">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF5FFD8FEAA78D5374734B2" author="Hemprich" box="[333,638,1998,2020]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refString="Hemprich, W. F. &amp; Ehrenberg, C. G. (1833) Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones avium quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg, medicinae et chirurgiae doctorum, studio novae aut illustratae redierunt. Avium decas I. Berlin, pp. 5 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1833">Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1833</bibRefCitation>
: 54
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF707F83314E33F9" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" box="[151,1143,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FF707F8335EA33E6" bold="true" box="[151,211,152,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Now.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FF3D7F82366233F9" ID-CoL="6X2N7" authority="Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1833" authorityName="Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1833" box="[218,859,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Pycnonotidae" genus="Pycnonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopygos">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FF3D7F8234C833E6" box="[218,497,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pycnonotus xanthopygos</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FE187F8C366A33F9" author="Hemprich" box="[511,851,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Hemprich, W. F. &amp; Ehrenberg, C. G. (1833) Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones avium quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg, medicinae et chirurgiae doctorum, studio novae aut illustratae redierunt. Avium decas I. Berlin, pp. 5 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1833">Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, 1833</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FC717F83314A33F9" author="Hartert" box="[918,1139,151,175]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Hartert, E. (1907) Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Heft 4). R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, pp. 385 - 512." type="journal article" year="1907">Hartert (1907: 461)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C91A1FFF4FFD9FF227FA636B4358E" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF227FA631623106" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FF227FA6346C3380" bold="true" box="[197,341,189,214]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FF227FA634393383" box="[197,256,189,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
series.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FE877FA636303383" author="Hemprich" box="[352,777,189,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Hemprich, W. F. &amp; Ehrenberg, C. G. (1833) Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones avium quae ex itinere per Africam borealem et Asiam occidentalem Friderici Guilelmi Hemprich et Christiani Godofredi Ehrenberg, medicinae et chirurgiae doctorum, studio novae aut illustratae redierunt. Avium decas I. Berlin, pp. 5 - 63." type="book chapter" year="1833">Hemprich and Ehrenberg (1833: 54)</bibRefCitation>
explicitly based this form on a series of
<specimenCount id="9D1009A3FFF4FFD9FB1E7FA630A13383" box="[1273,1432,189,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
, including males, females and juveniles (“Marem, Feminam et pullos novimus. Specimina 19.”), from “Arabia”. Unfortunately, their paper includes some contradictions which make the identification of
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FB607E13318E3276" box="[1159,1207,264,288]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
specimens difficult: (1) They listed (p. 54) the species also among birds from “
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FCC57E3636583213" box="[802,865,301,325]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
” [= northern
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FC1F7E3631593213" box="[1016,1120,301,325]" name="Lebanon" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
]. (2) They stated (p. 54) that they did not record the species from Africa (“in Africa nusquam visus”), but later (p. 57) they listed the species among the birds they collected “in
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FDC47E6C375E32D9" box="[547,615,375,399]" name="Sudan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nubia</collectingCountry>
et Dongala”. (3) They stated that they based this form on
<specimenCount id="9D1009A3FFF4FFD9FB1B7E6C30A132D9" box="[1276,1432,375,399]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
, which corresponds with
<specimenCount id="9D1009A3FFF4FFD9FE567EBB377532EE" box="[433,588,416,440]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FD917EBB361232EE" box="[630,811,416,440]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudalis">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FD917EBB361232EE" box="[630,811,416,440]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Turdus caudalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
received in Berlin with the 8th shipment (
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FAE87EBB34CB32B6" author="Lichtenstein" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Lichtenstein, H. (1824) Verzeichniss der Gegenstande, welche die Doctoren Ehrenberg und Hemprich in den Jahren 1823 und 1824, in Arabien und Syrien gesammelt und in ihrer achten Sendung uberschickt haben. Unpublished manuscript deposited in the Museum fur Naturkunde an der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Historische Bild- u. Schriftgutsammlungen, Bestand: Zool. Mus., Signatur ZMB S I, Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, I." type="journal article" year="1824">
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FAE87EBB30A532EE" box="[1295,1436,416,440]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
1824, Nr. 45–49 and 124–137
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the 9th shipment included six additional specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FB037ED330A532B6" box="[1252,1436,456,480]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FB037ED330A532B6" box="[1252,1436,456,480]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Turdus arabicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Hemprich’s name) =
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FE6A7EF637563153" box="[397,623,493,517]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopygos">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FE6A7EF637563153" box="[397,623,493,517]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Turdus xanthopygos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lichtenstein’s name), the origin of which was originally given as “Arabien”, which was struck out and replaced with “
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FD5E7D0937C1317C" box="[697,760,530,554]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
” by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FCC87D0931A8317C" author="Lichtenstein" box="[815,1169,530,554]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Lichtenstein, H. (1825) Verzeichniss der Gegenstande, welche die Doctoren Ehrenberg und Hemprich im Jahr 1824, in Arabien und Syrien gesammelt und in ihrer neunten (8 ten) [sic!] Sendung uberschickt haben. Unpublished manuscript deposited in the Museum fur Naturkunde an der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Historische Bild- u. Schriftgutsammlungen, Bestand: Zool. Mus., Signatur ZMB S I, Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg, I (pp. 175 - 176) und III (pp. 183 - 185)." type="journal article" year="1825">
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FCC87D093680317C" box="[815,953,530,554]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
(1825, Nr. 29–34)
</bibRefCitation>
. Uncertainties in specimen numbers and origin currently make exact definition of the
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FCBB7D2236B53107" box="[860,908,569,593]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
series impossible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF227D46372D305D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Five specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FE437D4636113123" box="[420,808,605,630]" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" genus="Turdus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopygus" subGenus="Pycnonotus">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FE437D4634C83123" box="[420,497,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Turdus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FDE37D4437BE3120" box="[516,647,607,630]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pycnonotus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FD7C7D4636113123" box="[667,808,605,629]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">xanthopygus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
N. were registered in the Inventory Catalogue of the
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FF707D9F35EE31CD" box="[151,215,644,667]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
. Their origin was given as “Arabien” (
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FD447D9837D831CD" box="[675,737,643,667]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
3749–3751), “Arabien merid.” (
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FBB87D9831A431CD" box="[1119,1181,643,667]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
3752) and “Arabien” sept.” (ZBM 3753), respectively.
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FDF97DB336153196" author="Lichtenstein" box="[542,812,680,704]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Lichtenstein, H. (1854) Nomenclator avium Museu zoologici berolinensis - Namenverzeichniss der in der zoologischen Sammlung der Koniglichen Universitat zu Berlin aufgestellten Arten von Vogeln anch den in der neueren systematik am meisten zur Geltung gekommenen Namen und Gattungen und ihrer Unterabtheilungen. Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, viii + 123 pp." type="book" year="1854">
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FDF97DB337913196" box="[542,680,680,704]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
(1854: 27)
</bibRefCitation>
listed six specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FBAA7DB230623196" box="[1101,1371,680,704]" class="Aves" family="Pycnonotidae" genus="Pyconotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopygos">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FBAA7DB230623196" box="[1101,1371,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pyconotus xanthopygos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from “Arab[ia]” and “Mozamb[ique]”. Dresser and Blanford (1874: 340) found in
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FBE07DD5317D31B3" box="[1031,1092,718,741]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
in
<date id="FFA8E4EAFFF4FFD9FB8C7DD6301A31B3" box="[1131,1315,717,741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1873-09">September 1873</date>
“three old and one young bird from Arabia”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF227C03307C302D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FF227C0334D53066" author="Mauersberger" box="[197,492,792,816]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Mauersberger, G. (1987) Notizen uber Typen der Vogelsammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. III. Annalen fur Ornithologie, 11, 169 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">Mauersberger (1987: 170)</bibRefCitation>
found in
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FDBC7C0237AE3066" box="[603,663,793,816]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
only two specimens, but we have found three. All of the five specimens registered in the Inventory Catalogue of the
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FD3B7C2536203003" box="[732,793,830,853]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
probably belonged to the
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FBAD7C2531433000" box="[1098,1146,830,854]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FB0A7C2430AD3003" box="[1261,1428,829,854]" class="Aves" family="Pycnonotidae" genus="Pyconotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopygos">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FB0A7C2430AD3003" box="[1261,1428,829,854]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">I. xanthopygos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although direct proof for this is not available. (The two lost specimens from “Arabia” are not listed below.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF227C9336B130BD" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FF227C93340230F6" box="[197,315,904,928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FF227C93340230F6" bold="true" box="[197,315,904,928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(designated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FE137C9337ED30F6" author="Mauersberger" box="[500,724,904,928]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Mauersberger, G. (1987) Notizen uber Typen der Vogelsammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. III. Annalen fur Ornithologie, 11, 169 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">Mauersberger 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 170):
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FCC27C92365B30F6" box="[805,866,905,928]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
3749, skin, unsexed. The
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FB757C9231FB30F7" box="[1170,1218,905,929]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
locality was originally given as “Arabia” in the Inventory Catalogue of the
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FCFB7CB536623093" box="[796,859,942,965]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
, but the specimen was later labeled as coming from “
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FF457CC835DA30BD" box="[162,227,979,1003]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
”, which statement was subsequently corrected to “Arabien”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF227CE336C83746" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" box="[197,1009,1016,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FF227CE334533746" box="[197,362,1016,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FF227CE334533746" bold="true" box="[197,362,1016,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paralectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FE9F7CE2348C3746" box="[376,437,1017,1040]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
3750, mount, adult, collected in “Arabien” (label).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF227B0536923763" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" box="[197,939,1053,1078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FF227B0534533760" box="[197,362,1054,1078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FF227B0534533760" bold="true" box="[197,362,1054,1078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paralectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FE9F7B05348C3763" box="[376,437,1054,1077]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
3752, mount, collected in “Arabien” (label).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF227B5831EB370D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" box="[197,1234,1091,1115]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FF227B583453370D" box="[197,362,1091,1115]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FF227B583453370D" bold="true" box="[197,362,1091,1115]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paralectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(lost):
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FE5C7B5F34CE370D" box="[443,503,1092,1115]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
3751, collected in “Arabien” (Inventory Catalogue of the
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FB637B5831FC370D" box="[1156,1221,1091,1115]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF227B73306937D6" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" box="[197,1360,1128,1152]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FF227B73345337D6" box="[197,362,1128,1152]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="paralectotype">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FF227B73345337D6" bold="true" box="[197,362,1128,1152]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Paralectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
(lost):
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FE5C7B7234CE37D6" box="[443,503,1129,1152]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
3753, juv., collected in “Arabien” sept.” (Inventory Catalogue of the
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FAE47B73307D37D6" box="[1283,1348,1128,1152]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA9C22AFFF4FFD9FF227B9536B4358E" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FF227B95345B37F0" bold="true" box="[197,354,1165,1190]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FF227B9535C737F0" box="[197,254,1166,1190]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Originally, the
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FDF27B95377C37F0" box="[533,581,1166,1190]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
locality included “
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FCFD7B96366037F3" box="[794,857,1165,1189]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
” [= northern
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FC157B96316337F3" box="[1010,1114,1165,1189]" name="Lebanon" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
], “Arabia septentrionalis” [= Sinai Peninsula,
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FEBE7BAF3498379A" box="[345,417,1204,1228]" name="Egypt" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Egypt</collectingCountry>
], and “Arabia”
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FDBF7BA837DF379D" box="[600,742,1203,1227]" class="Aves" family="Emberizidae" genus="Emberiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meridionalis">meridionalis</taxonomicName>
” [=Al Muwaylih,
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FC587BA83160379D" box="[959,1113,1203,1227]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE22A4EDFFF4FFD9FB807BA831F1379D" box="[1127,1224,1203,1227]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="27.68">27.68°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE22A4EDFFF4FFD9FB307BA83001379D" box="[1239,1336,1203,1227]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" precision="555" value="35.47">35.47°E</geoCoordinate>
].
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FAAA7BAF342537A6" author="Hartert" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Hartert, E. (1907) Die Vogel der palaarktischen Fauna. Vol. 1 (Heft 4). R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, Berlin, pp. 385 - 512." type="journal article" year="1907">Hartert (1907: 461)</bibRefCitation>
restricted the locality to “
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FDAE7BC337B137A6" box="[585,648,1240,1264]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
” without designating a
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FC7C7BC3313B37A6" box="[923,1026,1240,1264]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(see also Zedlitz 1912: 546,
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FAB47BC335D83643" author="Vaurie" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Vaurie, C. (1959 b) The Birds of the Palearctic Fauna. Passeriformes. H. F. &amp; G. Witherby, London, xii + 762 pp." type="book" year="1959" yearSuffix="b">Vaurie 1959b</bibRefCitation>
: 189).
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FEC97BE534873643" author="Bates" box="[302,446,1277,1301]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Bates, G. L. (1935) On the type-locality of the Pycnonotus x. xanthopygos (Hemprich &amp; Ehrenberg). Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 55, 118 - 119." type="journal article" year="1935">Bates (1935)</bibRefCitation>
changed the
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FDB37BE537BD3640" box="[596,644,1278,1302]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
locality to “Muwailah” on the Arabian coast near the north end of the Red Sea [= Al Muwaylih,
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FE207A383767366D" box="[455,606,1315,1339]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
] on the basis of Stresemann’s information (in litt.) that “all of Hemprich and Ehrenberg’s specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FE1E7A52362D3636" box="[505,788,1352,1376]" class="Aves" family="Pycnonotidae" genus="Pycnonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="xanthopygos">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FE1E7A52362D3636" box="[505,788,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pycnonotus xanthopygos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(five in all) have been collected in Arabia, and none in
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FF707A7635ED36D3" box="[151,212,1389,1413]" name="Syria" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Syria</collectingCountry>
” (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FEA97A76376936D3" author="Rand" box="[334,592,1389,1413]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Rand, A. L. &amp; Deignan, H. G. (1960) Family Pycnonotidae. In: Mayr, E. &amp; Greenway Jr., J. C. (Eds), Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 221 - 300." type="book" year="1960">Rand &amp; Deignan 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 239).
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FD7A7A7636C336D3" author="Mauersberger" box="[669,1018,1389,1413]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Mauersberger, G. (1987) Notizen uber Typen der Vogelsammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. III. Annalen fur Ornithologie, 11, 169 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">Mauersberger (1987: 169–170)</bibRefCitation>
reasoned that Stresemann’s information regarded only the five specimens listed in the Inventory Catalogue of the
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FC1C7A8F310336FD" box="[1019,1082,1428,1451]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
, not all
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FB757A8F31C136FA" box="[1170,1272,1428,1452]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FAE67A8834233686" author="Mauersberger" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Mauersberger, G. (1987) Notizen uber Typen der Vogelsammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. III. Annalen fur Ornithologie, 11, 169 - 173." type="journal article" year="1987">Mauersberger (1987: 170)</bibRefCitation>
then designated specimen
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FDAD7AA237BE3686" box="[586,647,1465,1488]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ZMB</collectionCode>
3749 as the
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FCF27AA336453686" box="[789,892,1464,1488]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of this species, automatically restricting its
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FA8B7AA230A53687" box="[1388,1436,1465,1489]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
locality to the place, where the
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FE157AC6376136A3" box="[498,600,1501,1525]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was collected, and invalidating Bates’s (1935) restriction of the
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FAC17AC5306F36A0" box="[1318,1366,1502,1526]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FF2479183482354D" author="ICZN" box="[195,443,1539,1563]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
<collectionCode id="ED075AEFFFF4FFD9FF247918343F354D" box="[195,262,1539,1563]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">ICZN</collectionCode>
1999, Art. 76.2
</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, the geographic origin of the
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FC5379183122354D" box="[948,1051,1539,1563]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
is not clear (see above).
<taxonomicName id="4C16B9A9FFF4FFD9FAD6791F35813515" class="Aves" family="Pycnonotidae" genus="Pycnonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9621E38FFF4FFD9FAD6791F35813515" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pycnonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bulbuls were sent to Berlin with the 8th and 9th shipments, i.e they were collected at localities visited by Hemprich and Ehrenberg between
<date id="FFA8E4EAFFF4FFD9FDC2794B3780353E" box="[549,697,1616,1640]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1823-07-23">23 July 1823</date>
–
<date id="FFA8E4EAFFF4FFD9FD2F794B3649353E" box="[712,880,1616,1641]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" value="1824-08-06">6 August 1824</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FC66794B31BD353E" author="Stresemann" box="[897,1156,1616,1640]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Stresemann, E. (1954) Hemprich und Ehrenberg. Reisen zweier naturforschender Freunde im Orient geschildert in ihren Briefen aus den Jahren 1819 - 1826. Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1954 (1), 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="1954">Stresemann 1954: 171</bibRefCitation>
). Considering Hemprich and Ehrenberg’s routes in this period and the known distribution of White-eyed Bulbuls (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FB25796E342A35E5" author="Goodman" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Goodman, S. M. &amp; Meininger, P. L. (Eds, 1989) The Birds of Egypt. Oxford University Press, Oxford, xxi + 551 pp." type="book" year="1989">Goodman &amp; Meininger 1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BFDBFFF4FFD9FEF97980370B35E5" author="Fishpool" box="[286,562,1691,1715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refString="Fishpool, L. D. C. &amp; Tobias, J. A. (2005) Family Pycnonotidae (bulbuls). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. &amp; Christie, D. (Eds), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 10. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 124 - 250." type="book" year="2005">Fishpool &amp; Tobias 2005</bibRefCitation>
), it is possible to conclude that the
<typeStatus id="54AD7C88FFF4FFD9FC597980311C35E5" box="[958,1061,1691,1715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was collected in the Sinai Peninsula,
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FF3579DA3421358F" box="[210,280,1729,1753]" name="Egypt" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Egypt</collectingCountry>
, at Al Muwaylih,
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FE0579DB3741358E" box="[482,632,1728,1752]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, or in northern
<collectingCountry id="F30182BAFFF4FFD9FCC379DB36B3358E" box="[804,906,1728,1752]" name="Lebanon" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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