183 lines
21 KiB
XML
183 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="BE0015F0DB8BA55E8747C5262C62045D" ID-CLB-Dataset="8839" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4906.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="308129a3-a99f-4012-bb41-d3220692c398" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4434000" ID-ZooBank="09383AAD-8E30-4E50-A533-C6DA4D00E33C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1610443640918" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lobato-Vila, Irene & Pujade-Villar, Juli" docDate="2021" docId="03BF702A955BFF9CFDE5FEEB71FAFD3E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4906.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4906 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Synergus succinipedis" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="FF8608529505FFC2FD72FF84736DFE73" masterDocTitle="The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1701082448047" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:title id="7E0796A92B7BC58CBF497A90339E4840">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B96E786E0262167E4412491FA0862BB7">Lobato-Vila, Irene</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8618AA3AEB1FC10A18859B63142F9D66">Pujade-Villar, Juli</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03BF702A955BFF9CFDE5FEEB71FAFD3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4433992" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177005137" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4433992" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF702A955BFF9CFDE5FEEB71FAFD3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF702A955BFF9CFDE5FEEB71FAFD3E" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955BFF9CFDE5FEEB7110FFFB" box="[151,637,366,393]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955BFF9CFDE5FEEB7110FFFB" blockId="94.[151,637,366,393]" box="[151,637,366,393]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<heading id="D0E17650955BFF9CFDE5FEEB7110FFFB" bold="true" box="[151,637,366,393]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFDE5FEEB7110FFFB" authority="(Ashmead, 1885)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1885" box="[151,637,366,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDE5FEEB7110FFFB" bold="true" box="[151,637,366,393]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDE5FEEB72CEFFFA" bold="true" box="[151,419,366,393]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Synergus succinipedis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFCC1FEEA7119FFFB" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[435,628,366,392]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955BFF9CFDE5FE2A700BFF97" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955BFF9CFDE5FE2A7713FFB5" blockId="94.[151,1150,430,485]" box="[151,1150,430,454]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFDE5FE2A7148FFB5" authority="Ashmead, 1885" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,549,430,454]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Ceroptres" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDE5FE2A7213FFB5" box="[151,382,430,454]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Ceroptres succinipedis</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB61955BFF9CFCF1FE2A7148FFB5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422417" box="[387,549,430,454]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc." pageId="94" pageNumber="95" specimenCount="1">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFCF1FE2A7148FFB5" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[387,549,430,454]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<collectorName id="26E3A4EA955BFF9CFF5CFE2A7058FFB5" box="[558,821,430,454]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc.</collectorName>
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12: 300.
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E955BFF9CFEE7FE2A70AAFFB5" box="[917,967,430,454]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Type</typeStatus>
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material: USNM.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955BFF9CFDE5FE49700BFF97" blockId="94.[151,1150,430,485]" box="[151,870,460,485]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFDE5FE49716BFF96" authority=": Weld (1922)" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,518,460,485]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDE5FE49721BFF97" box="[151,374,460,484]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Synergus succinipedis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFCF6FE48716BFF96" author="Weld, L. H." box="[388,518,460,485]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref108767" refString="Weld, L. H. (1922) Notes on cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 61, 1 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.61 - 2439.1" type="journal article" year="1922">Weld (1922)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Proc.
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<collectingCountry id="F30181AC955BFF9CFF38FE497110FF96" box="[586,637,461,485]" name="United States of America" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">U. S.</collectingCountry>
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Nat. Mus. 61 (18): 26.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955BFF9CFDE5FD9671F3FC5E" box="[151,670,530,557]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955BFF9CFDE5FD9671F3FC5E" blockId="94.[151,1436,530,845]" box="[151,670,530,557]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDE5FD967267FC5F" bold="true" box="[151,266,530,556]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFC3AFD9771F7FC5E" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[328,666,531,557]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Lobato-Vila
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFCA4FD97716AFC5E" box="[470,519,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020c: 30)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955BFF9CFDB5FDB27037FC22" box="[199,858,566,593]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955BFF9CFDB5FDB27037FC22" blockId="94.[151,1436,530,845]" box="[199,858,566,593]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDB5FDB27234FC23" bold="true" box="[199,345,566,592]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Distribution</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingCountry id="F30181AC955BFF9CFC15FDB372CEFC22" box="[359,419,567,593]" name="United States of America" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">USA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE955BFF9CFCDCFDB37292FC22" box="[430,511,567,593]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Florida</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFF7CFDB371D6FC22" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[526,699,566,593]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFFB5FDB37020FC22" author="Burks, B. D." box="[711,845,567,593]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955BFF9CFDB5FDDE738DFCEA" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955BFF9CFDB5FDDE738DFCEA" blockId="94.[151,1436,530,845]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDB5FDDE724CFC07" bold="true" box="[199,289,602,628]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Biology</emphasis>
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. Reared from galls of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFF65FDDF777DFC06" authority="(Ashmead, 1881)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[535,1040,603,629]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFF65FDDF7024FC07" box="[535,841,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Disholcaspis quercusvirens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFE24FDDF776AFC06" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[854,1031,603,629]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref101470" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1881) On the cynipidous galls of Florida [Paper No. 1]. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 9 (3 - 4), 9 - 15." type="journal article" year="1881">Ashmead, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CF96FFDDF77A4FC06" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[1053,1225,602,629]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="291 - 304" refId="ref101510" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1885) A bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the North American Cynipidae, with description of new species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 12 (3 - 4), 291 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25076460" type="journal article" year="1885">Ashmead 1885</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CF9A6FDDF7622FC06" author="Weld, L. H." box="[1236,1359,602,629]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref108869" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W, Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654" type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld 1951</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CF82BFDDF73BEFCEA" author="Burks, B. D." pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955BFF9CFDB5FD2771FAFD3E" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955BFF9CFDB5FD277115FC92" blockId="94.[151,1436,530,845]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDB5FD277259FCCE" bold="true" box="[199,308,675,701]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Remarks</emphasis>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E955BFF9CFC05FD2772CAFCCE" box="[375,423,675,701]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">type</typeStatus>
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material of
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFF46FD277040FCCE" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[564,813,675,701]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFF46FD277040FCCE" box="[564,813,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Synergus succinipedis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was examined and the species was redescribed and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFC50FD437119FC92" author="Lobato-Vila, I. & Equihua-Martinez, A. & Estrada-Venegas, E. & Cibrian-Tovar, D. & Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J." box="[290,628,711,737]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
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Lobato-Vila
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFCC2FD43728CFC92" box="[432,481,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020c: 30)
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955BFF9CFDB5FD6F71FAFD3E" blockId="94.[151,1436,530,845]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
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The host plant is not mentioned in the original description; however,
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFE96FD6F77E1FD76" authorityName=": Weld" authorityYear="1922" box="[996,1164,747,773]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="succinipedis">
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<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFE96FD6F77E1FD76" box="[996,1164,747,773]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. succinipedis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
was probably collected from galls on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFC49FC8B72BEFD5B" baseAuthorityName="Burks 1979:" baseAuthorityYear="1104" box="[315,467,783,809]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
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|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFC49FC8B72BEFD5B" box="[315,467,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Q. virginiana</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
or
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFC8FFC8B7118FD5B" authorityName="Small" authorityYear="1897" baseAuthorityName="Sarg." box="[509,629,783,809]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minima">
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|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFC8FFC8B7118FD5B" box="[509,629,783,809]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Q. minima</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
, because these are the only host trees mentioned for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CF9AFFC8B76F1FD5B" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[1245,1436,783,808]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Disholcaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercusvirens">
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|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CF9AFFC8B76F1FD5B" box="[1245,1436,783,808]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">D. quercusvirens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFDD3FCB77270FD3E" author="Weld, L. H." box="[161,285,818,845]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="594 - 654" refId="ref108869" refString="Weld, L. H. (1951) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Muesebeck, C. F. W, Krombein, K. V. & Townes, H. K. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic Catalog. Agriculture Monograph No. 2. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., pp. 594 - 654" type="book chapter" year="1951">Weld 1951</bibRefCitation>
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|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFC5BFCB772C3FD3E" author="Burks, B. D." box="[297,430,819,845]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref102011" refString="Burks, B. D. (1979) Superfamily Cynipoidea. In: Krombein, K. V., Hurd, P. D., Smith, D. R. & Burks, B. D. (Eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D. C., pp. 1045 - 1107" type="book" year="1979">Burks 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFCCBFCB771E1FD3E" author="Melika, G. & Buss, E. A. & Nicholls, J. A. & Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N." box="[441,652,819,845]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="991 - 1001" refId="ref104444" refString="Melika, G., Buss, E. A., Nicholls, J. A., Platt Bird, J. & Stone, G. N. (2013) Life cycle of Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with a description of the sexual generation. Florida Entomologist, 96 (3), 991 - 1001. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.096.0337" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
|
Melika
|
|
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFF62FCB7712CFD3E" box="[528,577,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al</emphasis>
|
|
. 2013
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
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|
</treatment>
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</document> |