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<mods:title id="9E583E0F1924C758A5F4B4557360AF4B">The genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) in the New World: a complete taxonomic revision with a key to species</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDE5F9EB7020F8FB" blockId="93.[151,845,1646,1673]" box="[151,845,1646,1673]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<heading id="D0E176509558FF9FFDE5F9EB7020F8FB" bold="true" box="[151,845,1646,1673]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9558FF9FFDE5F9EB7020F8FB" authority="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,845,1646,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatifrons">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDE5F9EB7020F8FB" bold="true" box="[151,845,1646,1673]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDE5F9EB72F8F8FB" bold="true" box="[151,405,1646,1673]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Synergus striatifrons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9558FF9FFCEEF9EA7020F8FB" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[412,845,1646,1672]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDE5F93772A8F899" blockId="93.[151,1436,1715,1770]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9558FF9FFDE5F93771B6F8B8" authority="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,731,1715,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synergus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatifrons">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDE5F9377206F8B8" box="[151,363,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Synergus striatifrons</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619558FF9FFC00F93771B6F8B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422367" box="[370,731,1715,1739]" collectionCode="UB" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9558FF9FFC00F93771B6F8B8" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[370,731,1715,1739]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Pujade-Villar &amp; Lobato-Vila, 2017</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
. Zool. Stud. 56 (36): 20. Type material: UB (
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9558FF9FF9DDF9377660F8B8" box="[1199,1293,1715,1739]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
),
<materialsCitation id="3B7ECB619558FF9FF852F93072ACF899" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3019422420" collectionCode="UB, USNM, AMNH" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54AD7F9E9558FF9FF852F93076ECF8BF" box="[1312,1409,1716,1740]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99558FF9FFDB5F9567381F89A" box="[199,236,1746,1769]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">UB</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99558FF9FFD85F956722DF899" box="[247,320,1746,1770]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99558FF9FFC02F95672ACF899" box="[368,449,1746,1770]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">AMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30C92B79558FF9FFDE5F89C7013F909" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDE5F89C7013F909" blockId="93.[151,1437,1815,2023]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDE5F89C72D8F941" bold="true" box="[151,437,1816,1842]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">New material examined</emphasis>
(10ϐ &amp;
<specimenCount id="9D100AB59558FF9FFF6CF89C713CF941" box="[542,593,1816,1842]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="female">22♀</specimenCount>
). Material collected from
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9558FF9FFE09F89C70BCF941" box="[891,977,1816,1842]" name="Mexico" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99558FF9FF9E9F89D77AFF940" box="[1179,1218,1817,1843]" country="France" name="Laboratoire de Biostratigraphie" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">UB</collectionCode>
with the following location data:
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9558FF9FFC4AF8B97216F924" box="[312,379,1853,1879]" name="Mexico" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">MEX</collectingCountry>
: P399, Ctra. Mex-Tuxpan, near Lajas Chicas (
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99558FF9FFEFBF8B870A6F925" box="[905,971,1852,1878]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">HGO</collectionCode>
),
<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7FB9558FF9FFE92F8B877E8F924" box="[992,1157,1852,1879]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" precision="1" seconds="41.85" value="20.044958">20°241.85N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE22A7FB9558FF9FF9E3F8B8765AF924" box="[1169,1335,1852,1879]" degrees="98" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" precision="1" seconds="7.86" value="-98.46885">98°287.86W</geoCoordinate>
, Ex
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9558FF9FF81CF8B87232F909" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cibriani">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FF81CF8B87232F909" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Amphibolips cibriani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF9558FF9FFC1FF8E4729AF909" box="[365,503,1888,1914]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFC1FF8E4729AF909" box="[365,503,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Q. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (
<date id="FFA8E7FC9558FF9FFF7CF8E471E5F908" box="[526,648,1888,1915]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2019-06-22">22.vi.2019</date>
) iiiv.2020,
<collectionCode id="ED0759F99558FF9FFE67F8E57021F908" box="[789,844,1889,1915]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">JP-V</collectionCode>
leg.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B79558FF9FFDB5F80071A3F9ED" box="[199,718,1924,1951]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDB5F80071A3F9ED" blockId="93.[151,1437,1815,2023]" box="[199,718,1924,1951]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDB5F8007257F9ED" bold="true" box="[199,314,1924,1950]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9558FF9FFC0AF80071A7F9ED" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[376,714,1924,1951]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFF74F801715AF9ED" box="[518,567,1924,1950]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
. (2020c: 30)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C13C9558FF9FFDB5F82C71C5F994" blockId="93.[151,1437,1815,2023]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFDB5F82C7234F9B1" bold="true" box="[199,345,1960,1986]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Distribution</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9558FF9FFC1AF82C72AFF9B1" box="[360,450,1960,1986]" name="Mexico" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Mexico</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9558FF9FFCBCF82C71CCF9B1" box="[462,673,1960,1986]" country="Mexico" name="Distrito Federal" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Ciudad de México</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9558FF9FFFDFF82C7067F9B1" box="[685,778,1960,1986]" country="Mexico" name="Hidalgo" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Hidalgo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30181AC9558FF9FFE65F82C7002F9B1" box="[791,879,1960,1986]" name="Mexico" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">México</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9558FF9FFE09F82C70B3F9B1" box="[891,990,1960,1986]" country="Mexico" name="Tlaxcala" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Tlaxcala</collectingRegion>
, and
<collectingRegion id="49D20FDE9558FF9FF968F82D77E5F9B0" box="[1050,1160,1961,1987]" country="Mexico" name="Zacatecas" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Zacatecas</collectingRegion>
(Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar 2017;
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD9558FF9FFC57F8487157F995" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. &amp; Cibrian-Tovar, D. &amp; Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[293,570,1996,2023]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref103815" refString="Lobato-Vila, I., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E., Cibrian-Tovar, D., Barrera-Ruiz, U. M. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2020 c) Synergus Hartig species group (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from the New World. Zootaxa, 4822 (1), 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4822.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="B9621D2E9558FF9FFCC1F8497289F995" box="[435,484,1996,2022]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
. 2020c
</bibRefCitation>
; authors).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30C92B7955BFF9CFDB5FF127221FF6E" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA9C13C955BFF9CFDB5FF127221FF6E" blockId="94.[151,1437,150,285]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDB5FF12724CFEC3" bold="true" box="[199,289,150,176]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Biology</emphasis>
. Reared from asexual galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFF09FF137799FEC2" authority="Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika, 2011" authorityName="Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika" authorityYear="2011" box="[635,1268,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hidalgoensis">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFF09FF1370F3FEC2" box="[635,926,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Amphibolips hidalgoensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFED4FF137799FEC2" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Melika, G." box="[934,1268,151,177]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref107034" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Melika, G. (2011 b) New Atrusca gallwasp species from Baja California, Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Dugesiana, 18 (1), 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2011">Pujade-Villar &amp; Melika, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CF85EFF137152FEA6" authority="Melika &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2011" authorityName="Melika &amp; Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zacatequensis">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CF85EFF137386FEA7" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">A. zacatequensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFD80FF3F7152FEA6" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Nieves-Aldrey, J. L. &amp; Equihua-Martinez, A. &amp; Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Melika, G." box="[242,575,187,213]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="23 - 29" refId="ref107034" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., Equihua-Martinez, A., Estrada-Venegas, E. G. &amp; Melika, G. (2011 b) New Atrusca gallwasp species from Baja California, Mexico (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Dugesiana, 18 (1), 23 - 29." type="journal article" year="2011">Melika &amp; Pujade-Villar, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFF18FF3F718FFEA6" box="[618,738,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eduardi">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFF18FF3F718FFEA6" box="[618,738,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Q. eduardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFE6BFF3F70C9FEA7" box="[793,932,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFE6BFF3F70C9FEA7" box="[793,932,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Q. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CFEC1FF3F7655FEA6" author="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J." box="[947,1336,187,213]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1" refId="ref103287" refString="Lobato-Vila, I. &amp; Pujade-Villar, J. (2017) Description of five new species of inquiline oak gall wasps of the genus Synergus Hartig (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Synergini) with partially smooth mesopleurae from Mexico. Zoological Studies, 56 (36), 1 ‾ 28. https: // doi. org / 10.6620 / ZS. 2017.56 - 36" type="journal article" year="2017">Lobato-Vila &amp; Pujade-Villar 2017</bibRefCitation>
; Lobato-Vila
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDBEFF5B7390FE8A" box="[204,253,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">et al</emphasis>
. 2020c). The new material presented here was reared from asexual galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CF937FF5B76F1FE8A" authority="Pujade-Villar, 2018" authorityName="Pujade-Villar" authorityYear="2018" box="[1093,1436,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Amphibolips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cibriani">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CF937FF5B77D0FE8A" box="[1093,1213,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">A. cibriani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF87BCCD955BFF9CF9B1FF5B76F1FE8A" author="Pujade-Villar, J. &amp; Ferrer-Suay, M. &amp; Cuesta-Porta, V. &amp; Lobato-Vila, I." box="[1219,1436,223,249]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="110" refId="ref106558" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Ferrer-Suay, M., Cuesta-Porta, V. &amp; Lobato-Vila, I. (2018) Does Biorhiza Westwood, 1840 (Hym.: Cynipidae) exist in Mexico? Folia Entomologica Mexicana, Nueva Serie, 4 (3), 110 ‾ 127." type="journal article" year="2018">Pujade-Villar, 2018</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
on
<taxonomicName id="4C16BABF955BFF9CFDC8FE877229FF6F" box="[186,324,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassipes">
<emphasis id="B9621D2E955BFF9CFDC8FE877229FF6F" box="[186,324,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Q. crassipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>