350 lines
39 KiB
XML
350 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="D1A75D7889495CB2B1B3C2E86FB78C62" ID-CLB-Dataset="46365" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60a3e9ad-086f-4df2-a5e7-0445601b9267" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="227977" ID-ZooBank="FA258098-7021-40F7-B341-D339DE5C0EA6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460388452354" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Duellman, William E., Barley, Anthony J. & Venegas, Pablo J." docDate="2014" docId="03BF701EAD354E05CDCEFB8DFAA6FA3E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03768p177.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3768 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gastrotheca aratia Duellman, Barley & Venegas, 2014, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="172" masterDocId="FF860866AD3E4E08CD59FFB2FFA5FFFF" masterDocTitle="Cryptic species diversity in marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) in the Andes of northern Peru" masterLastPageNumber="177" masterPageNumber="159" pageNumber="170" updateTime="1698297961614" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="EA5D0E660842482E9A9B1F3807FFC436" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="66411C1F1C7C3764FFD5A2EC855DA494">
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<mods:title id="D4DA0AD0DCF0E930E11312D28ADD168A">Cryptic species diversity in marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) in the Andes of northern Peru</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="21A042B4E48058BEF21A2FB6E1C2DDCC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="4503E06BC6EB0B36F38D9736E2C5F6B0">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AFF9427FE8444948AEAAE07AD2601A0B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2659FA8333D8B02BF40D6E3551B9AAB5">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2DAB804822B0980342A46BA9ECF846AF" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="8F4586089D17E7C2695DAE9B5F03B43A">
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<mods:roleTerm id="ADCD149385CA10E48B2EC46C5A01E94F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9776A6D028C817C06A9344C7831C7A47">Barley, Anthony J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="CF9C54265AD7BF28C69BA09BD74DD2B5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BFB4B9C924687C99FAA5B039E7D8C900">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="03385BDADF0177CFAE5BAF700EF62D25">Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="42220A4E67620EAE9CB9EF7AE5DB39E7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A24BCBE2FFF71292295DBC46EC044622">
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<mods:title id="AF2AA6D0E78AE8586D6B2C05ACAFCE72">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A5A06999E794391197A2983FCAEDB6F4">
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<mods:date id="848918824F92AE8082CCF0FA75C3EEB5">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DE319C4490C19366D5AEC0577FBCAEDD" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8BF83383C45AD6530A5A820626ED8D88">3768</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="FA08F18C3DF7F1EEBB5D02D9E106266D" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5DF56D1AA9AD36E09D3A066AF7733584">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="CB08DAF84881B19FB184E84554612804">159</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0DB4692C0BBDB623FFD02923B2EFEF0B">177</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8619DF5BE70D263E64FBD651E0C166B3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8F8DEA962BCB9AF6DF72662AFE4B00F9" type="CLB-Dataset">46365</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="491362F5555533D69347EBA03D8E7CC0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3768.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E1413ECEA9324CEDD838E1D650BD32F1" type="GBIF-Dataset">60a3e9ad-086f-4df2-a5e7-0445601b9267</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B0E29596F32AE87D44D48662EE5638B0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E272FF6659FB1CB9FC7D8E5947D10B2F" type="Zenodo-Dep">227977</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4DC16E99749BC03DC33C96ACEF95C7DB" type="ZooBank">FA258098-7021-40F7-B341-D339DE5C0EA6</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BF701EAD354E05CDCEFB8DFAA6FA3E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5678748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5678748" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF701EAD354E05CDCEFB8DFAA6FA3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF701EAD354E05CDCEFB8DFAA6FA3E" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD354E03CDCEFB8DFDAAFBA5" box="[151,527,1087,1114]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E03CDCEFB8DFDAAFBA5" blockId="11.[151,527,1087,1114]" box="[151,527,1087,1114]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<heading id="D0E17664AD354E03CDCEFB8DFDAAFBA5" bold="true" box="[151,527,1087,1114]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CDCEFB8DFDAAFBA5" bold="true" box="[151,527,1087,1114]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CDCEFB8DFEDCFBA6" ID-CoL="6JXV7" box="[151,377,1087,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CDCEFB8DFEDCFBA6" bold="true" box="[151,377,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Gastrotheca aratia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A251A061AD354E03CCD9FBF2FDAAFBA5" box="[384,527,1088,1114]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD354E03CDCEFB34FAE9FA40" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E03CDCEFB34FB7BFB3C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1158,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CDCEFB34FEA8FB60" bold="true" box="[151,269,1158,1183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD354E03CDCEFB34FEADFB60" box="[151,264,1158,1183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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KU 212067, adult female, from
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD354E03CFCEFB35FD70FB60" box="[663,725,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
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(by road) NW of Cutervo, 6˚14'00"S, 78˚51'24"W,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD354E03C862FB34FA32FB61" box="[1339,1431,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="2560.0">2560 m</quantity>
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, Provincia Cutervo, Departamento Cajamarca,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD354E03CFC5FB19FD77FB3D" box="[668,722,1195,1218]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, collected by J. J. Wiens on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD354E03C956FB19FB7CFB3C" box="[1039,1241,1194,1219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" value="1989-02-27">27 February 1989</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E03CD9EFB7CFB44FAD0" blockId="11.[151,1436,1158,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CD9EFB7CFEEDFB18" bold="true" box="[199,328,1230,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD354E03CD9EFB7CFEE6FB18" box="[199,323,1230,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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KU 212055 and KU 212057, adult males, from vicinity of Cutervo, 6˚22'01"S, 78˚51'00"W,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD354E03C83DFB7CFF0AFAF5" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="2620.0">2620 m</quantity>
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, Provincia Cutervo, Departamento Cajamarca,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD354E03CF9FFB41FD59FAF5" box="[710,764,1267,1290]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, collected by F. M. Cuadros and J. J Wiens on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD354E03C84AFB40FF76FAD0" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" value="1989-02-26">26 February 1989</date>
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; KU 212060,and KU 212062–66, adult males, collected by J. J. Wiens on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD354E03C94BFAA5FB79FAD0" box="[1042,1244,1302,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" value="1989-02-28">28 February 1989</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E03CD9EFA88FAE9FA40" blockId="11.[151,1436,1158,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CD9EFA88FE19FAAC" bold="true" box="[199,444,1338,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Referred specimens:</emphasis>
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KU 212056 and KU 212058–59, juveniles;
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<collectionCode id="ED0759CDAD354E03CEEFFA89FBAEFAAC" box="[950,1035,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">MUSM</collectionCode>
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6188–72, adult males, and
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<collectionCode id="ED0759CDAD354E03C81FFA89FA3EFAAC" box="[1350,1435,1339,1363]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">MUSM</collectionCode>
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6194–95, juveniles all from vicinity of Cutervo,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD354E03CF81FAECFC91FA89" box="[728,820,1374,1399]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="2620.0">2620 m</quantity>
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, Departamento Cajamarca,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD354E03C920FAEDFB0AFA89" box="[1145,1199,1375,1398]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, collected by M. E. Morrison and J. J. Wiens on
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<date id="FFA8E7C8AD354E03CCB5FA30FD40FA64" box="[492,741,1410,1435]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" value="1989-02-26" valueMax="1989-02-28" valueMin="1989-02-26">26–28 February 1989</date>
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l
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<collectionCode id="ED0759CDAD354E03CFAFFA31FC96FA64" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[758,819,1411,1435]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">MCZ</collectionCode>
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5328–30, adult males, from Querocotillo, 6˚16'26"S, 79˚02'16"W,
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD354E03CC72FA14FE24FA41" box="[299,385,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.875" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" unit="m" value="2875.0">2875 m</quantity>
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, Provincia Cutervo, Departamento Cajamarca,
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD354E03CECAFA15FC6CFA41" box="[915,969,1447,1470]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Peru</collectingCountry>
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, collected by G. K. Noble in 1916.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD354E04CD9EFA7DFCD1FE2F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E03CD9EFA7DFCBAF8D0" blockId="11.[151,1436,1158,2028]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CD9EFA7DFEE4FA17" bold="true" box="[199,321,1487,1512]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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A moderately large species—SVL
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD354E03CFBDFA7DFC29FA18" box="[740,908,1487,1512]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.925" metricValueMax="5.57" metricValueMin="4.279999999999999" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="49.25" valueMax="55.7" valueMin="42.8">42.8–55.7 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CEFCFA7DFC16FA14" bold="true" box="[933,947,1487,1515]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">x</emphasis>
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= 48.1 ± 4.6,
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03C930FA63FBD2FA17" box="[1129,1143,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">n</emphasis>
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=
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<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD354E03C9C4FA62FB59FA17" box="[1181,1276,1487,1512]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
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), 56.8 (
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03C803FA63FACDFA17" box="[1370,1384,1489,1512]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">n</emphasis>
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=
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<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD354E03C8D4FA62FF40F9F0" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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)—with (1) tibia length 40–51% SVL, about same length as foot; (2) interorbital distance slightly less than width of upper eyelid; (3) skin on dorsum granular, smooth to slightly pustular, not co-ossified with skull, lacking transverse ridges; (4) supraciliary processes absent; (5) heel lacking calcar or tubercle; (6) tympanic annulus smooth; (7) Finger I shorter than II with discs slightly wider than digits; (8) fingers unwebbed; (9) webbing extending maximally to penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV and nearly to penultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe V; (10) dorsum green or brown with darker paravertebral marks and inverted V-shaped mark posterior to sacrum; (11) head markings consisting of dark canthal stripe and pale labial stripe; (12) pale dorsolateral stripe usually present; (13) flanks and anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs lacking dark markings; (14) venter cream with dark flecks or spots; (15) brood pouch single, dorsal.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD354E04CD9EF888FCD1FE2F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1158,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,2029]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CD9EF888FE38F8AC" box="[199,413,1850,1875]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CD9EF888FE38F8AC" box="[199,413,1850,1875]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Gastrotheca aratia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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most closely resembles four other species in northern
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<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD354E03C953F889FBE4F8AD" box="[1034,1089,1851,1874]" name="Peru" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Peru</collectingCountry>
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. In contrast to the much larger
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CDCEF8EDFE3DF888" box="[151,408,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CDCEF8EDFE8CF888" box="[151,297,1886,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">G. monticola</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD354E03CC6DF8EDFE3DF888" box="[308,408,1887,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">G. aratia</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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lacks a pale supracloacal stripe (67% of the adults examined) and black spots on the flanks and anterior and posterior surfaces of the thighs (88% of the adults examined) (Table 1;
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<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD354E03C9E9F830FB5DF864" box="[1200,1272,1922,1947]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1048,1070]" captionTargetBox="[151,1429,183,1026]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,183,1027]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral coloration of preserved specimens of three species of Gastrotheca. A and D. G. monticola, KU 219771, 57.2 mm SVL, B and E. G. aguaruna, KU 212022, 50.8 mm SVL. C and F. G. aratia, KU 212067, 56.8 mm SVL." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227980/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). The slightly smaller
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CDA8F81FFE30F83B" box="[241,405,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">G. aguaruna—</emphasis>
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SVL
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<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD354E03CC8BF81EFDD3F83B" box="[466,630,1964,1989]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.42" metricValueMax="4.68" metricValueMin="4.16" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" unit="mm" value="44.2" valueMax="46.8" valueMin="41.6">41.6–46.8 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CFCAF819FD04F838" bold="true" box="[659,673,1963,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">x</emphasis>
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= 45.1 ± 2.17,
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03CE12F81FFCFCF83B" box="[843,857,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">n</emphasis>
|
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=
|
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<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD354E03CE21F81EFC77F83A" box="[888,978,1964,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
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), 49.4–50.8 (
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03C935F819FBDFF838" bold="true" box="[1132,1146,1963,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">x</emphasis>
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= 50.1,
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<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD354E03C984F81FFB4EF83B" box="[1245,1259,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="170">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
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<specimenCount id="9D100A81AD354E03C853F81EFAD2F83A" box="[1290,1399,1964,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="170" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
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)— differs by having dark marks in the groin, green vocal sac, tarsal fold extending full length of tarsus, and webbing extending only to the antepenultimate subarticular tubercle on Toe IV.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04CE83FF25FB46FF4F" box="[986,1251,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dysprosita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CE83FF25FB46FF4F" box="[986,1251,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Gastrotheca dysprosita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04C8DDFF2AFF79FF2B" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04C8DDFF2AFF79FF2B" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">G. aratia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a green dorsum with a narrow, yellow middorsal stripe and green flanks with small yellow spots; furthermore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04CC7FFF52FE1FFF07" box="[294,442,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dysprosita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CC7FFF52FE1FFF07" box="[294,442,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">G. dysprosita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a dark canthal stripe and pale labial stripe and has a granular tympanic annulus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04CDCEFEB6FE34FEE2" box="[151,401,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lateonota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CDCEFEB6FE34FEE2" box="[151,401,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Gastrotheca lateonota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CF7CFEB7FD23FEE3" box="[549,646,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">G. a r at i a</emphasis>
|
||
by having a truncate snout in profile, smooth skin on the dorsum, and a nearly uniform grayish brown venter. Six other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04CE19FE95FC6FFEBF" box="[832,970,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CE19FE95FC6FFEBF" box="[832,970,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Gastrotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Andes in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD324E04C9B7FE9AFA84FEC0" box="[1262,1313,296,319]" name="Peru" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
include
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04C8DDFE9AFE00FE9A" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04C8DDFE9AFF52FE9B" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruana">G. peruana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04CC50FEFFFE04FE9A" box="[265,417,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phalarosa">G. phalarosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CCB1FEFFFD07FE9A" box="[488,674,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04CCB1FEFFFD3BFE9A" box="[488,670,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phelloderma">G. phelloderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
all of which have strongly pustular skin on the dorsum. In
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04C8DDFEFFFEB0FE77" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04C8DDFEFFFEB7FE77" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ossilaginis">G. ossilaginis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the skin on the skull is co-ossified with the underlying dermal bones. Additionally,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04C9E4FEC2FA8FFE77" box="[1213,1322,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04C9E4FEC2FA80FE77" box="[1213,1317,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abdita">G. abdita</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs by having an acuminate snout in dorsal view, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD324E04CFFBFE27FCB1FE52" box="[674,788,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CFFBFE27FCB1FE52" box="[674,788,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">G. galeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that differs from all the rest by having a spatulate labium; the latter two also produce eggs that undergo direct development.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD324E05CD9EFE6EFC79FE9A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD324E04CD9EFE6EFC22FBA7" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CD9EFE6EFE49FE0A" bold="true" box="[199,492,476,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD324E04CC27FE6EFE42FE0A" box="[382,487,476,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult female; body robust; SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD324E04CE25FE6EFC42FE0B" box="[892,999,476,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.68" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" unit="mm" value="56.8">56.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head slightly wider than long; snout rounded in dorsal view and bluntly rounded in profile, extending slightly beyond margin of lower lip; canthus rostralis acutely rounded in section; loreal region barely concave; lips rounded; top of head flat; interorbital distance 85% of width of upper eyelid; internarial area flat; nostrils not protuberant at terminus of canthus rostralis posterior to level of anterior margin of lower jaw; diameter of eye slightly greater than its distance from nostril; tympanum round, separated from eye by distance about equal to length of tympanum; tympanic annulus distinct, smooth; supratympanic fold weak, extending from posterior corner of orbit to point posterior to tympanum. Arm robust; row of ulnar tubercles absent; hand moderately large; fingers short, unwebbed; discs moderately large, rounded, width of disc on Finger III equal to half length of tympanum; relative lengths of fingers I <II <IV <III; subarticular tubercles prominent, low, rounded, none bifid; supernumerary tubercles not evident, palmar tubercle absent; prepollical tubercle elliptical.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD324E04CF1FFCF6FDDBFCA2" box="[582,638,836,861]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
limb robust; tibia length 44.7% SVL; foot length 44.2% SVL; calcar and tarsal tubercles absent; inner tarsal fold present on entire length of tarsus; outer metatarsal tubercle absent; inner metatarsal tubercle large, elliptical, not visible from above; toes long; relative length of toes I <II <III <V <IV; webbing basal between Toes I and II; webbing formula for other toes:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CEAEFC1DFBA8FC37" bold="true" box="[1015,1037,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">II</emphasis>
|
||
2—
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7C8AD324E04C96EFC02FBC0FC37" box="[1079,1125,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
2
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04C91DFC1DFBC0FC37" bold="true" box="[1092,1125,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">III</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
2—
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7C8AD324E04C9C8FC02FB38FC37" box="[1169,1181,944,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">3</date>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04C9C4FC1DFB19FC37" bold="true" box="[1181,1212,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">IV</emphasis>
|
||
3—
|
||
<date id="FFA8E7C8AD324E04C9B2FC02FAA3FC37" box="[1259,1286,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
1
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04C9ADFC1DFAA3FC37" bold="true" box="[1268,1286,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">V</emphasis>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; subarticular tubercles small, rounded; supernumerary tubercles absent. Skin on dorsum and flanks graular; skin on throat, belly, and ventral surfaces of thighs granular, on other surfaces of smooth; cloacal tubercles and folds absent; pouch opening puckered; pouch filled with eggs. Dentigerous processes of the vomers inclined posteromedially, narrowly separated medially, between round choanae, bearing six teeth each.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD324E04CD9EFBD6FBCCFB82" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2029]" box="[199,1129,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CD9EFBD6FE5DFB83" box="[199,504,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Coloration in preservative:</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsum of the head, body, and limbs are dark gray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD324E04CDCEFB35FF70FAF2" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">The flanks are dark brown. A dark brown canthal stripe is present; a white labial stripe borders the entire margin of the upper lip and extends posteriorly to the base of the forelimb. The posterior surfaces of the thighs are gray with faintly darker irregular markings. all ventral surfaces are dull tan with scattered small gray spots on the chest and belly.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD324E04CD9EFAA5FD01FA62" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CD9EFAA5FEFCFACF" box="[199,345,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Color in life:</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsum is green with faint darker green paravertebral marks originating on the upper eyelids and becoming indistinct on the anterior part of the body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD324E04CE73FA8EFCCAFAAA" box="[810,879,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,883,905]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,445,862]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[218,1369,445,862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gastrotheca aratia. A, holotype, KU 212067 (holotype), adult female, 56.8 mm SVL, 8 km N Cutervo. B. KU 212055, male, 51.4 mm SVL, vicinity of Cutervo, Cajamarca, Peru." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227983/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A). A narrow brown canthal stripe and a distinct white labial stripe are present. The postorbital region and the flanks are mottled green and tan. The iris is a silvery bronze with fine black flecks and reticulations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD324E04CD9EFA1BFEAEF9D3" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CD9EFA1BFE7FFA40" box="[199,474,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Measurements (in mm):</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 56.8, tibia length 25.4, foot length 25.1, head length 18.8, head width 19.5 interorbital distance 5.3, eyelid width 6.3, internarial distance 3.4, eye–nostril 5.0, eye diameter 6.9, tympanum diameter 4.4, orbit–jaw 2.6, nostril–jaw 4.1, thumb length 10.7, third finger length 18.0, width of disc on third finger 2.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD324E04CD9EF985FE23F8EB" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2029]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CD9EF985FE9AF9AF" bold="true" box="[199,319,1591,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
There is little variation in size and proportions of the eight male
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD324E04C91BF98BFB08F9AE" box="[1090,1197,1593,1617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C694F4B3AD324E04C9E6F985FABFF9AF" box="[1215,1306,1591,1616]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,242,338,361]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of two species of Gastrotheca." pageId="12" pageNumber="171">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The head width is slightly greater than the head length, except in KU
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD324E04CE0DF9EEFC0DF98A" box="[852,936,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3863748" pageId="12" pageNumber="171" unit="in" value="212062.0">212062</quantity>
|
||
in which the ratio is 1.12. Likewise, in all specimens the interorbital distance is 0.83–0.98% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CF81F936FD43F95F" bold="true" box="[728,742,1668,1696]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.91%) and the width of the upper eyelid, and the diameter of the tympanum is 0.55–0.76% (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04CF41F902FD83F933" bold="true" box="[536,550,1712,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 0.65%) of the diameter of the eye. Males have 4–5 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD324E04C9F9F902FB0BF933" bold="true" box="[1184,1198,1712,1740]" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 4.8) teeth on each vomerine process; vocal slits extend posterolaterally from the base of the tongue. Calling males have unpigmented nuptial excrescences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD324E05CD9EF893FEEDFF07" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,2029]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="172" pageId="12" pageNumber="171">In preservative, the dorsum is brown to pale gray with darker gray or brown markings consisting of broad paravertebral marks extending from the eyelids to the sacrum and a narrower V-shaped postsacral mark with the apex anteriorly. The dorsal surfaces of the limbs vary from no definite markings to transverse bars nearly as wide as the interspaces and as many as two on the forearm, four on the thigh, three on the shank, and two on the tarsus. A white labial stripe and dark brown canthal stripe and broad postorbital bar are present; in some specimens the postorbital bar extends to the middle of the flank. Three individuals have a narrow cream dorsolateral stripe extending from the margin of the upper eyelid to the groin. Two specimens have a discontinuous supracloacal white stripe. The venter is creamy tan with or without small dark brown flecks on the chest; the vocal sac in calling males is brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD334E05CD9EFEB6FC79FE9A" blockId="13.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
Color in life was obtained from a single color photograph of an adult male (KU 212055) that shows a tan dorsum with brown markings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD334E05CCA0FE95FD9AFEBF" box="[505,575,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,883,905]" captionTargetBox="[218,1369,445,862]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[218,1369,445,862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. Gastrotheca aratia. A, holotype, KU 212067 (holotype), adult female, 56.8 mm SVL, 8 km N Cutervo. B. KU 212055, male, 51.4 mm SVL, vicinity of Cutervo, Cajamarca, Peru." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227983/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
B). A narrow pale cream dorsolateral stripe is barely evident, but the white labial stripe is evident. The iris is pale bronze with fine black reticulations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF699180AD334E05CDCEFCC1FCE3FC57" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227983/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" targetBox="[218,1369,445,862]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD334E05CDCEFCC1FCE3FC57" blockId="13.[151,1435,883,936]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CDCEFCC1FEB0FC77" bold="true" box="[151,277,883,905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CC44FCC1FE43FC76" box="[285,486,883,905]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD334E05CC44FCC1FE47FC76" box="[285,482,883,905]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">Gastrotheca aratia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, holotype, KU 212067 (holotype), adult female, 56.8 mm SVL, 8 km N Cutervo. B. KU 212055, male, 51.4 mm SVL, vicinity of Cutervo, Cajamarca, Peru.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD334E05CD9EFC66FCCAFACE" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD334E05CD9EFC66FB95FB16" blockId="13.[151,1437,980,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CD9EFC66FE52FC12" bold="true" box="[199,503,980,1005]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Distribution and ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD334E05CCA6FC66FD70FC12" box="[511,725,980,1005]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CCA6FC66FD70FC12" box="[511,725,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Gastrotheca aratia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CEE6CEDAD334E05C979FC66FB1EFC12" box="[1056,1211,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7175" metricValueMax="2.875" metricValueMin="2.56" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" unit="m" value="2717.5" valueMax="2875.0" valueMin="2560.0">2560–2875 m</quantity>
|
||
in the northern part of the Cordillera Occidental of the Andes in northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3018198AD334E05CE70FC4BFCF8FBEF" box="[809,861,1017,1040]" name="Peru" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132DDD8DAD334E05CE34FC4AFC17FBEE" box="[877,946,1016,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1833,1855]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,520,1808]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,517,1812]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Topographic map of the Andean region of northern Peru showing localities of known occurrence of Gastrotheca aguaruna (black dots) and G. aratia (red dots), and names of political regions and major mountain ranges discussed in the text." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/227982/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD334E05CEA2FC4BFB8EFBEE" box="[1019,1067,1017,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, Cutervo is in the valley of the Río Chatano, a tributary of the Río Chamaya, which flows eastward into the Río Marañón. Much of the terrain in the immediate vicinity of Cutervo is cultivated. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AD7FAAAD334E05CE3FFBF2FC6DFBA6" box="[870,968,1088,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was turned up in a plowed field by day. Three males were calling from low bushes during a rain at night, and two young individuals were found in a cistern at night. All other specimens were extracted from terrestrial spiny bromeliads by day. Other anurans found in the vicinity of Cutervo include
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CC86FB1FFC18FB39" box="[479,957,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD334E05CC86FB1FFD4CFB39" box="[479,745,1197,1222]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elachyhistus">Hyloxalus elachyhistus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD334E05CFA3FB1CFC1CFB39" box="[762,953,1197,1222]" class="Amphibia" family="Dendrobatidae" genus="Hyloxalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcherrimus">H. pulcherrimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CEA4FB1FFAA0FB39" box="[1021,1285,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD334E05CEA4FB1FFAA7FB39" box="[1021,1282,1197,1222]" class="Amphibia" family="Ceratophryidae" genus="Telmatobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latirostris">Telmatobius latirostris</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Three faded specimens (MCZ 5328–30) are from Querocotillo, a village northwest of Cutervo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD334E05CD9EFB47FCCAFACE" blockId="13.[151,1437,980,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CD9EFB47FEFEFAF1" bold="true" box="[199,347,1269,1294]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Life history:</emphasis>
|
||
A brooding female contains a large number of small eggs in the brood pouch. This indicates that eggs hatch as tadpoles that complete their development in ponds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD334E05CD9EFA8FFD06FA86" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD334E05CD9EFA8FFD06FA86" blockId="13.[151,1437,980,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CD9EFA8FFEEBFAA9" bold="true" box="[199,334,1341,1366]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name is derived from the Latin noun
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CEC5FA8CFC42FAAA" box="[924,999,1342,1365]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">aratio,</emphasis>
|
||
meaning plowed field. All specimens were found in, or at the edge of, plowed fields.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30C9283AD334E05CD9EFA37FAA6FA3E" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA9C108AD334E05CD9EFA37FAA6FA3E" blockId="13.[151,1437,980,1473]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CD9EFA37FE91FA61" bold="true" box="[199,308,1413,1438]" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD334E05CC1FFA37FDBAFA62" box="[326,543,1413,1438]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CC1FFA37FDBAFA62" box="[326,543,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">Gastrotheca aratia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to be surviving in cultivated areas, but possible use of herbicides or chemical fertilizers would endanger the species. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C16BA8BAD334E05CFA7FA1BFCC5FA3E" box="[766,864,1449,1473]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="172" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aratia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9621D1AAD334E05CFA7FA1BFCC5FA3E" box="[766,864,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="172">G. aratia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be categorized as Vulnerable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |